English
uk 'dzin. Shamah: Peaceful. Sama bhrttin. And rtti. Called similarity. That is, the Yama King and Queen of Karma, and the lord of the sixteen iron cities of the retinue, the four great executioners, etc., reside in the land of the pretas, and are like the king of hell who judges good and evil. Among the guardians of the directions, he is the guardian of the south. As for sentient beings born in hell, they experience various sufferings, and the Sanskrit names of the various hellish states, as mentioned in the Mindfulness Sutra, etc., are not explained in the Differentiation Treatise and the Immortal Treasury, and are not very necessary here, so they are omitted. Up to that point, the states and types of sentient beings within have been explained. Now, to explain the names of the various items needed by humans in the higher realms. General names for wealth and possessions: Da vyaṃ. Substance. Battiṃ. Utensil. Svāpateyaṃ. Wealth. Rikthaṃ. Wealth. Ṛṃkthaṃ. Thing. Dhanaṃ. Treasure. Vasu. Treasure. Hiraṇya. Gold. Draviṇaṃ. Wealth. Dyumnaṃ. Wealth. Arthaḥ. Meaning. Rai. Or rāḥ. Enjoyment. Vibhavaḥ. Material. General names for necessities and tools: Veṣaḥ. Garment. Pariskaraḥ. Utensil. Upakaraṇaṃ. Utensil. If translated literally, it means "living supplies." Jīvitopakaraṇaṃ. Living utensil. Glānapratyayabhaiṣejyaṃ. Remedy for disease. Sukhopadhānaṃ. Source of happiness. Utensils of happiness or living supplies of happiness, or whatever is appropriately applied in a given situation. Ādhiḥ. Mortgage, like a pledge called phug sris. All the items owned by oneself, such as jewels, belong to public property, and all the above names apply. However, land, houses, fields, valuable internal wealth, etc., as well as livestock, weapons, and other various items, have already been discussed in their respective chapters. Here, we will talk about the remaining items, or various commonly used things. These can generally be summarized into the five sensual pleasures, among which the pleasures of touch and sight are mainly clothes, the pleasures of sight are mainly ornaments, lamps, performances, etc., the pleasures of hearing are mainly music, songs, and other sounds, the pleasures of smell are mainly fragrances, and the pleasures of taste are mainly
Chinese
以及食物，以及其他各种必需品，被称为生活用品或舒适的用具，是感官的对象。虽然这些内部的分类非常多，但从总的类别来说，这里用衣服、装饰品、涂抹物等来美化身体，以及光亮等形象，食物和饮料，香味，音乐和各种乐器，以及近需的各种用具，分为了八个类别来阐述。首先，关于衣服，由于材质的差异和来自不同地区的种类而变得繁多，举例来说明：衣服的材质有：ཏྭ་ཙ྄་和ཏྭ་ཀ྄་树皮，བལྐ་ལཾ། （梵文，梵文天城体，balkalam，树皮），ཤིང་ཤུན།（树皮），ཕ་ལཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，phalam，果实），འབྲས་བུ།（果实），ཀྲྀ་མི།（梵文，梵文天城体，krimi，虫），སྲིན་བུ།（虫），རོ་མན྄།（梵文，梵文天城体，roman，毛），དང་། རོ་མ།（毛）四种。从树皮中产生的布的总称：བཱལྐཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，balkam，树皮布），ཤུན་རས།（树皮布），即粗麻布等。其中，ཀྵཽ་མཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，kshaumam，亚麻布），或者词尾加མཿ或者མཱི་也可以，即亚麻布。以此为例，也应了解描述树皮布的方式。从果实中产生的布的总称：ཕཱ་ལཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，phalam，果实布），འབྲས་བུའི་རས།（果实布），即棉布等。从棉花中产生的名称：ཀཱརྦྤཱ་སཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，karpasam，棉布），རས་བལ་གྱི་རས་ཞེས་སོ།（被称为棉布）。从海桐的果实中产生的名称：བཱ་ད་རཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，badaram，海桐布），རྒྱ་ཤུག་རས་ཞེས་སོ།（被称为海桐布）。从虫中产生的丝绸和织锦等总称：ཀཽ་ཥེ་ཡཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，kausheyam，丝绸），སྲིན་བལ་གྱི་གོས།（丝绸的衣服），ཀྲྀ་མི་ཀོ་ཥོཏྠཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，krimikosottham，从虫茧中产生），སྲིན་བུའི་སྦུབ་ལས་བྱུང་བ་ཞེས་སོ།（被称为从虫茧中产生）。从毛中制作的衣服的总称：རཱངྒ་པཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，rangapam，毛织品），རང་ཀུ་སྐྱེས་སམ་སྣམ་བུ།（羊毛或氆氇），མྲྀ་ག་རོ་མ་ཛཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，mrigaromajam，从鹿毛中产生），རི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་སྤུ་ལས་བྱུང་བའམ་ལྭ་བ།（从鹿毛中产生或外套）。这些名称普遍适用于用山羊毛和羊毛等制作的毛外套。以上是就主要的而言，此外，ཙརྨཿ（梵文，梵文天城体，carma，皮革），ཀོ་པགས་ཀྱི་གོས།（皮革的衣服），ཙརྨ་ཙོ་ལཿ（梵文，梵文天城体，carmacola，兽皮），སློག་པ་སྟེ་པགས་སློག་གི་གོས།（兽皮，即兽皮的衣服），ཀལྤ་དུཥྱཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，kalpadushyam，如意树衣），དཔག་བསམ་ཤིང་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་གོས་ཏེ།（从如意树中产生的衣服），སྒྲ་མི་སྙན་དང་ལྷ་སོགས་ཀྱི་བསོད་ནམས་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་གོས་སྲབ་འཇམ་ཡང་བ་རྣམས་དང་།（以及由非天和天等福德所成就的轻薄柔软的衣服），ཨ་ཏུལྱཱ་ནི་བཱ་སཾ་སི།（梵文，梵文天城体，atulyanivasamsi，无与伦比的衣服），གཞལ་དུ་མེད་པའི་གོས་ཞེས།（被称为无与伦比的衣服），རིན་ཐང་གཞལ་དུ་མེད་པ།（价值无法衡量），ལྷའི་གོས།（天神的衣服），ཀཱ་ཙ་ལིནྡི་ཀཾ།（梵文，梵文天城体，kacalindikam，迦旃邻提衣）。 ཀཱ་ཙ་ལིཾ་དའི་གོས་ལྟ་བུ་རྣམས་ཡོད་དོ།（有像迦旃邻提衣这样的）。稍微说一下这些衣服的差别：ཤཱ་ན་ཀཾ（梵文，梵文天城体，shanakam，粗麻布），ཤ་ནའི་རས།（粗麻布），ཀྵཽ་མ་ཀཾ（梵文，梵文天城体，kshaumakam，亚麻布），ཟར་མའི་རས།（亚麻布），དཽ་གཱུ་ལ་ཀཾ（梵文，梵文天城体，daugulakam，杜古拉衣），དོ་གུ
English
as well as food, and other various necessities, are called living supplies or comfortable utensils, which are the objects of the senses. Although there are many internal classifications of these, from the general category, here, using clothes, ornaments, cosmetics, etc., to beautify the body, as well as bright images, food and drink, fragrances, music and various musical instruments, and various utensils that are closely needed, are explained in eight categories. First, regarding clothes, due to differences in material and varieties from different regions, they become numerous, exemplified as follows: The materials of clothes are: tāca and tāka bark, balkalam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, balkalam, bark), bark, phalam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, phalam, fruit), fruit, krimi (Sanskrit, Devanagari, krimi, worm), worm, roman (Sanskrit, Devanagari, roman, hair), and hair, four kinds. The general name for cloth produced from bark: balkam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, balkam, bark cloth), bark cloth, such as coarse linen. Among them, kshaumam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, kshaumam, linen), or adding maḥ or mī at the end of the word is also acceptable, which is linen. By this example, the way of describing bark cloth should also be understood. The general name for cloth produced from fruit: phalam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, phalam, fruit cloth), fruit cloth, such as cotton cloth. The name produced from cotton: karpasam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, karpasam, cotton cloth), called cotton cloth. The name produced from the fruit of the Chinese juniper: badaram (Sanskrit, Devanagari, badaram, Chinese juniper cloth), called Chinese juniper cloth. The general name for silk and brocade, etc., produced from worms: kausheyam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, kausheyam, silk), silk cloth, krimikosottham (Sanskrit, Devanagari, krimikosottham, produced from silkworm cocoons), called produced from silkworm cocoons. The general name for clothes made from wool: rangapam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, rangapam, woolen fabric), wool or felt, mrigaromajam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, mrigaromajam, produced from deer hair), produced from deer hair or coat. These names are commonly applied to all wool coats made from goat hair and sheep wool, etc. The above is in terms of the main ones, in addition, carma (Sanskrit, Devanagari, carma, leather), leather clothes, carmacola (Sanskrit, Devanagari, carmacola, animal skin), animal skin, i.e., animal skin clothes, kalpadushyam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, kalpadushyam, wish-fulfilling tree cloth), clothes produced from the wish-fulfilling tree, as well as thin, soft, and light clothes accomplished by the merit of asuras and gods, etc., atulyanivasamsi (Sanskrit, Devanagari, atulyanivasamsi, incomparable clothes), called incomparable clothes, of immeasurable value, clothes of the gods, kacalindikam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, kacalindikam, Kacalindi cloth). There are things like Kacalindi cloth. To say a little about the differences of these clothes: shanakam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, shanakam, hemp cloth), hemp cloth, kshaumakam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, kshaumakam, linen), linen, daugulakam (Sanskrit, Devanagari, daugulakam, Daugula cloth), Daug