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MR08 0001.Commentary on the Pratimoksha Sutra A Concise Ladder to Definitive Goodness..Commentary on the Pratimoksha Sutra A Concise Ladder to Definitive Goodness..g2.0f

Chinese

因为这样做,如果小孩不接受三藏,愚昧的人不明白三藏,不精通三藏,(如果有人说)你们的言辞我不学,那就犯堕罪了。比丘凡是想要通达一切的,都应当学习这个学处。比丘凡是持经者,持律者,持母者,都应当询问,对于这个学处,这就是仪轨。第六,由听闻而生的堕罪是:再如名叫ཉེར་དགའ་(内喜)的比丘,对于这个法的比丘们发生争斗,揭露过失,不和睦,争论不休,这些比丘们说了些什么,我听到了,我所说的话,也要像他们那样随顺,用同样的话来压制他们,如果这样想,就以此为因,什么也不说,不开口听着,除非是为了平息争端,否则就犯堕罪了。第七,不说话而离开的堕罪是:再如名叫དགའ་བོ་(欢喜)的比丘,无论什么情况下,僧团在进行符合佛法的讨论,进行三种方式的决议时,没有任何理由,不说话就从座位上站起来,离开听法的场所,对比丘们也不说我要走了等等,除非发生了钵被火烧等不得不离开的情况,否则就犯堕罪了。第八,不恭敬的堕罪是:再如名叫ནག་པ་གླང་ཆེན་(黑象)的比丘,无论什么情况下,对僧团和僧职,对佛的教言不恭敬,就犯堕罪了。第九,饮用能使人醉的酒的堕罪是:再如名叫ལེགས་འོང་(善来)的比丘,无论是用青稞等谷物酿造的酒,还是用草木等制作的酒,凡是能使人醉的酒,吞到喉咙里喝下去,就犯堕罪了。第十,非时进入村落的堕罪是:再如名叫འཆར་ཀ་(星宿)的比丘,从午后到黎明未出现这段时间,在非时进入街道和十字路口等村落,对比丘们也不说,除非发生了钵被火烧等不得不离开的情况,否则就犯堕罪了。第九个十条中有两条:用偈颂概括地说明,分别详细地解释各自的定义。第一条是:偈颂中说:有食物的家中去

English

Because of doing so, if a child does not accept the three baskets, an ignorant person does not understand the three baskets, is not proficient in the three baskets, (if someone says) I will not learn your words, then he commits a downfall. A monk who wants to understand everything should learn this precept. Monks who are holders of the Sutras, holders of the Vinaya, and holders of the Matrika should also be asked, for this precept, this is the ritual. Sixth, the downfall arising from hearing is: Again, like a monk named ཉེར་དགའ་ (Nyerga), who engages in disputes with the monks of this Dharma, exposes faults, is not harmonious, and argues incessantly. If these monks say something, I hear it, and I will speak in accordance with what they say, using the same words to suppress them. If he thinks like this, and without saying anything, without opening his mouth, listens, unless it is to quell the dispute, he commits a downfall. Seventh, the downfall of leaving without speaking is: Again, like a monk named དགའ་བོ་ (Gawwo), in any case, when the Sangha is conducting discussions in accordance with the Dharma, and making decisions in three ways, without any reason, he stands up from his seat without speaking, leaves the place of listening to the Dharma, and does not say to the monks that I am leaving, etc., unless there is a situation where the bowl is burned by fire and he has to leave, he commits a downfall. Eighth, the downfall of disrespect is: Again, like a monk named ནག་པ་གླང་ཆེན་ (Nagpa Langchen), in any case, if he does not respect the Sangha and the monastic office, and the Buddha's teachings, he commits a downfall. Ninth, the downfall of drinking intoxicating liquor is: Again, like a monk named ལེགས་འོང་ (Lekong), whether it is liquor made from grains such as barley, or liquor made from plants and trees, any liquor that can intoxicate, if he swallows it into his throat and drinks it, he commits a downfall. Tenth, the downfall of entering a village at the wrong time is: Again, like a monk named འཆར་ཀ་ (Charka), from noon until dawn has not appeared, entering villages such as streets and crossroads at the wrong time, and not saying anything to the monks, unless there is a situation where the bowl is burned by fire and he has to leave, he commits a downfall. There are two parts to the ninth set of ten: summarizing with verses, and explaining the definitions of each in detail. The first is: In the verse it says: Going to a house with food

Chinese

以及,在曙光未升起时进入王宫,以及,说“现在才知道”而轻视学处,以及,缝补破损的针,以及,修理床脚,以及,弹打棉花,以及,缝补坐垫和,缝补墙壁,以及,夏季的细布衣服,以及,超过善逝(梵文:सुगत,sugata,善逝)法衣尺寸的堕罪等。第二部分有十条,第一条是关于在俗家游荡的堕罪:例如,如果某个比丘像ཉེར་དགའ་一样,为了食物的缘故,被邀请到俗家乞食,早上在两家以上,下午在三家或四家游荡,并且不告诉坐在家中的施主“如果我没到,请按时分发食物”,除非有像法衣被火烧毁之类的特殊情况,否则就是堕罪。第二条是关于夜晚进入王宫的堕罪:例如,如果某个比丘像འཆར་ཀ་一样,直到天亮,即在最后一道曙光升起之前,进入国王(指从头顶灌顶的国王或王族)紧闭的大门或靠近紧闭大门的地方,无论是否携带宝石等珍宝或武器等珍宝,除非有像国王召唤或调伏应化众生之类的特殊情况,否则每去一次都是堕罪。第三条是关于轻视学处的堕罪:例如,如果某个比丘像དྲུག་སྡེ་一样,在每半月诵戒时,从《别解脱经》的堕罪到息灭罪的七条罪进行忏悔时,说“诸位有德者,我现在才知道世尊所说的法也包含在经中,也包含在律中”,如果其他在座的比丘知道这位有德者以前在布萨仪式上参加过两次或三次,更不用说更多次了,如果不知道,也不会因此而不犯堕罪,因此,对于这种因不乐意而产生的堕罪,应该如法忏悔,并且在诵《别解脱经》时,不以恭敬的威仪听法,不以信心视师,不以不恭敬的心像木棍一样对待,不专心忆念,而是向外散乱。

English

And, going to the royal palace before dawn, and, despising the training by saying "Now I know", and, mending torn needles, and, repairing bed legs, and, fluffing cotton, and, patching cushions, and, patching walls, and, summer linen clothes, and, exceeding the size of the Sugata's (Sanskrit: सुगत, sugata, Well-Gone) Dharma robes are offenses to be relinquished. The second part has ten, the first is the offense of wandering in houses: For example, if a monk like ཉེར་དགའ་, for the sake of food, is invited to beg for alms in a house, and wanders in more than two houses in the morning and three or four in the afternoon, and does not tell the householder sitting at home, "If I don't arrive, please distribute the food on time," unless there are special circumstances such as the Dharma robe being burned by fire, it is an offense to be relinquished. The second is the offense of going to the royal palace at night: For example, if a monk like འཆར་ཀ་ goes until dawn, that is, before the last ray of dawn rises, to the closed gate of the king (referring to a king or royalty who has been crowned from the head) or near the closed gate, whether or not carrying jewels such as gems or weapons such as treasures, unless there are special circumstances such as the king summoning or taming those to be tamed, every time he goes is an offense to be relinquished. The third is the offense of despising the training: For example, if a monk like དྲུག་སྡེ་, when confessing the seven offenses from the Pārājika to the Adhikaraṇa-śamatha in the Prātimokṣa Sūtra every half month, says, "Venerable ones, now I know that the Dharma spoken by the Blessed One is also included in the Sutra and also included in the Vinaya," if the other monks present know that this venerable one has previously attended the Uposatha ceremony two or three times, let alone more times, if they do not know, they will not be free from the offense, therefore, for this offense arising from unwillingness, one should confess according to the Dharma, and when reciting the Prātimokṣa Sūtra, one does not listen to the Dharma with respectful conduct, does not regard the teacher with faith, does not treat it like a wooden stick with disrespect, does not focus on remembering, but is distracted outwards.

Tibetan

ས། སེམས་རྩེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་མི་བྱེད། རྣ་བ་མི་གཏོད་པས། རྣ་བླག་ཏེ་མི་བྱེད། ཞུམ་པས། སེམས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བསམ་ཏེ་ཆོས་ཉན་པར་མི་བྱེད་པས་ཚེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་མ་རྙེད་དེ་རྙེད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ཞིང་ཉེས་པ་རྙེད་དེ་ལེགས་ལ་རྙེད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་འགྱོད་པར་བྱའོ། །ཚེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་དེ་ལ་འགྱོད་པར་བྱ་བ་ནི་འདི་ཡིན་ཏེ། གདོད་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་དེ་ཉིད་དོ། །བཞི་པ་ཁབ་རལ་འཆོས་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་ནི། ཡང་ཆོས་འདི་པའི་དགེ་སློང་གང་བ་སོའམ། རུས་པའམ། རྭ་ཡི་ཁབ་རལ་སྦུ་གུ་ཅན་ནམ་འཆང་བ་ལྟ་བུ་རང་གིས་བྱེད་དམ། གཞན་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་དངོས་པོ་དེ་བཅག་ནས་བཤགས་དགོས་ལ་དེ་ཡང་ལྟུང་བྱེད་དོ། །ལྔ་པ་ཁྲི་རྐང་འཆོས་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་ནི། ཡང་འཆར་ཀ་ལྟ་བུའི་དགེ་སློང་གིས་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་དགེ་ འདུན་གྱི་ཁྲིའམ། ཁྲིའུ་རང་གིས་སམ་གཞན་ལ་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་རྩ་བའམ་རྟིང་པ་བུ་གར་གཞུག་པ་མ་གཏོགས་པར་དེ་མན་ཆད་ན་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་སོར་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཚད་དེ་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁྲུ་གང་དུ་བྱེད་དུ་གཞུག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལས་ལྷག་པར་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་ཚད་ལྷག་དེ་བཅད་ནས་བཤགས་དགོས་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་དོ། །དྲུག་པ་ཤིང་བལ་བདལ་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་ནི། ཡང་དྲུག་སྡེ་ལྟ་བུ་དགེ་སློང་གང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་ཁྲིའམ་ཁྲིའུ་ལ་ཤིང་བལ་ལྔ་གང་ཡང་རུང་བ་རང་གིས་བདལ་ལམ་གཞན་ལ་བདལ་དུ་འཇུག་ན་དངོས་པོ་དེ་བསྡུས་ནས་བཤགས་དགོས་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་དོ། །བདུན་པ་གདིང་བ་ལས་གྱུར་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་ནི། ཡང་ཆོས་འདི་པའི་དགེ་སློང་གིས་སྟེང་རིམ་དུ་འདིང་བའི་གདིང་བ་རང་ངམ་གཞན་ལ་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་ཚད་གང་ཡིན་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བྱེད་དུ་ཆུག་ཅིག བསླབ་གཞི་དེ་ལ་གདིང་བའི་ཚད་ནི་འདི་ཡིན་ཏེ། སྲིད་དུ་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་མཐོའི་མཐོ་དོ་སྟེ་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁྲུ་གསུམ་དང་ཞིང་དུ་མཐོ་ཕྱེད་དང་དོ་སྟེ་ཁྲུ་དོ་དང་སོར་མོ་དྲུག་གོ། མི་ཆོག་ན་སྲིད་དུ་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་མཐོ་གང་སྟེ་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁྲུ་ཕྱེད་དང་དོ་དག་གིས་ སྲིངས་ཤིག་དེ་ལས་ལྷག་པར་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་ལྷག་ཆ་བཅད་ནས་བཤགས་དགོས་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད་དོ། །བརྒྱད་པ་གཡན་དགབ་ལས་གྱུར་པ་ནི། ཡང་ཆོས་འདི་པའི་དགེ་སློང་གིས་གཡན་པའི་ནད་གསོ་ཞིང་དགབ་པར་བྱེད་པའི་གོས་རང་ངམ་གཞན་ལ་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ན་གཡན་དགབ་ཀྱི་ཚད་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་བྱེད་དུ་ཆུག་ཅིག །དེ་ལ་གཡན་པ་དགབ་པའི་ཚད་འདི་ཡིན་ཏེ། སྲིད་དུ་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་མཐོའི་མཐོ་བཞི་སྟེ་ཚད

Chinese

不专心致志,不倾听,不注意听闻,懈怠,不以全部心思听闻佛法,那么具寿你将不会获得利益,而是获得过失,不会获得善妙。应当为此感到后悔。具寿,应当为此感到后悔的是,这就是最初的堕罪。第四个是修补针和锥子的堕罪:再者,如果属于此法的比丘,用骨头或角制作带孔或携带的针和锥子,自己做或让别人做,必须毁坏该物品并忏悔,这也是堕罪。第五个是修补床脚的堕罪:再者,如果像འཆར་ཀ་一样的比丘,为善逝的声闻僧团修补床或小床,自己做或让别人做,除了插入根部或底部之外,在那之下,应当按照善逝的八指之量,即符合标准的相当于一肘的长度来制作。如果超过这个长度,必须截断超出的部分并忏悔,这是堕罪。第六个是铺垫棉花的堕罪:再者,如果像六群比丘一样的比丘,在僧团的床或小床上,无论是哪种棉花,自己铺垫或让别人铺垫,必须收回该物品并忏悔,这是堕罪。第七个是制作坐垫的堕罪:再者,如果属于此法的比丘,自己或让别人制作铺在上面的坐垫,应当按照规定的尺寸制作。关于坐垫的尺寸,教规是这样的:长度是善逝的升高的一倍,即符合标准的相当于三肘的长度,宽度是升高的一半再加一倍,即二肘零六指。如果不允许,就用善逝的一个升高,即符合标准的相当于一肘半的长度来量。如果超过这个长度,必须截断超出的部分并忏悔,这是堕罪。第八个是治疗疥疮的堕罪:再者,如果属于此法的比丘,自己或让别人制作治疗和覆盖疥疮的衣服,应当按照治疗疥疮的尺寸制作。关于覆盖疥疮的尺寸是这样的:长度是善逝的升高四倍,即尺寸

English

Not focusing the mind, not listening, not paying attention to the hearing, being lazy, not listening to the Dharma with all one's heart, then, venerable one, you will not gain benefit, but gain fault, will not gain goodness. One should regret this. Venerable one, what one should regret is that this is the very first downfall. The fourth is the downfall of repairing needles and awls: Furthermore, if a bhikkhu belonging to this Dharma, makes needles and awls with holes or carries them made of bone or horn, does it himself or has others do it, he must destroy the object and confess, this is also a downfall. The fifth is the downfall of repairing bed legs: Furthermore, if a bhikkhu like འཆར་ཀ་ repairs a bed or small bed for the Sangha of the Hearers of the Sugata, does it himself or has others do it, except for inserting the root or bottom, below that, it should be made according to the measure of eight fingers of the Sugata, that is, equivalent to one cubit of standard length. If it exceeds this length, the excess part must be cut off and confessed, this is a downfall. The sixth is the downfall of spreading cotton: Furthermore, if a bhikkhu like the group of six bhikkhus spreads any of the five kinds of cotton on the Sangha's bed or small bed, does it himself or has others do it, he must collect the object and confess, this is a downfall. The seventh is the downfall of making a seat cushion: Furthermore, if a bhikkhu belonging to this Dharma makes a seat cushion to be spread on top, himself or has others do it, it should be made according to the prescribed size. Regarding the size of the seat cushion, the rule is this: the length is twice the height of the Sugata, that is, equivalent to three cubits of standard length, and the width is half the height plus one, that is, two cubits and six fingers. If it is not allowed, then measure it with one height of the Sugata, that is, equivalent to one and a half cubits of standard length. If it exceeds this length, the excess part must be cut off and confessed, this is a downfall. The eighth is the downfall of treating scabies: Furthermore, if a bhikkhu belonging to this Dharma makes clothes to treat and cover scabies, himself or has others do it, it should be made according to the size for treating scabies. Regarding the size for covering scabies, it is this: the length is four times the height of the Sugata, that is, the size