English
The suffering of formation. The main beings who experience these are firstly, the three lower realms; desire realm gods and humans; secondly, desire realm gods and humans; thirdly, from the peak of existence to Avici, without large or small. Each's suffering. From the *Dran Nye* (Satipaṭṭhāna Sūtra): "Hell beings are tormented by hellfire. Hungry ghosts are tormented by hunger and thirst. Animals are tormented by eating each other. Humans are tormented by the hardships of life. Gods are tormented by carelessness." This is just the main aspect of suffering. The two upper realms (form and formless realms). When first entering into samadhi, even if one remains in equanimity thinking of never leaving it, since formation is under the control of karma and defilements, when the power of the previous cause is exhausted, one falls to a lower realm. It is like an arrow shot into the sky, when its force is exhausted, it falls back to the ground. Most instructions say that there is no suffering of transference and falling, this means that there is no suffering of being bound by one's own ground. It refers to the fact that at the time of death, the mind of the lower realm manifests, and thus one experiences the suffering of transference and falling. In particular, the gods' abode, body, and enjoyments can generate special happiness, so even if one experiences many eons, it is no longer than a single dream. Although there is only the difference of whether the cause is contaminated or not, and there is no difference between the pure land's environment and inhabitants and the gods who control others' emanations, at the time of death, one sees the lower realm with manifest knowledge. Even if the body is in the god realm, when the signs of death appear, it is as if the mind has already fallen into the lower realms. It is like a prisoner about to be executed. Because the previous happiness was so great, there is suffering like falling naked into a thorn pit. Since it is the mind that experiences suffering, and it does not merely follow bodily sensations, it is said that even hell beings do not have the kind of suffering that gods have at the time of death. One must know that the happiness of the contaminated higher realms is more flawed than the lower realms, because one is distracted only by meaningless activities and wastes leisure and opportunity, and it is the cause of the unbearable suffering of the lower realms. Body and enjoyments are only the cause of one's own ruin. It only appears to be happiness, but in reality, there is no happiness. No matter how much one indulges in it, there is never any satisfaction, so it is meaningless to envy them. Moreover, it becomes the cause of increasing desire. Animals eat each other, and are constantly tormented by being used. When dying from their own illness,
Chinese
其果报仅仅是边际而已。现在活着的时候，手脚被绳子捆住，剥掉红色的皮，像牲畜一样宰杀；像驮人一样背着重物，长途跋涉不许休息，作何感想？如果衡量饿鬼饥渴等的痛苦，一天都活不下去，肯定会饿死。但因业力无法死去，必须经历多年，如果衡量现在喝茶早晚不顺心，对朋友生气等情况，是否能够忍受？堕入地狱的业力非常严重，一个身体有难以想象的各种痛苦，甚至连血肉骨头分散的碎块和脓血的流动，都要用心抓住感受。所说是地狱痛苦的一小部分，并没有完全展示。当思维的顺序在心中稍微习惯时，不要只想到从地狱到上面的次第，而是要依次想到从无色界到地狱之间痛苦越来越大，这样就能迅速产生出离心。这些不要像听故事一样，而是要设身处地，像真实发生一样去思考。有些人说地狱只是自己的显现，实际上并不存在，但地狱不仅是自己的显现，而且这些器情世界，以及由此产生的疾病痛苦等，都和自己的显现、梦境一样没有差别。但因为看起来坚硬凝实，而且必须真实感受，所以说仅仅是自己的显现并没有用。像这样反复思考，即使获得帝释天的财富，如果生起如同掉入熊熊燃烧的烈火中的感觉，那就是抓住了生起出离心的开端。第四个修心次第有四点：以什么为因皈依？皈依的对境是什么？如何皈依的方式？皈依之后念诵的次第。有些引导文中，皈依之后讲解共同和不共的前行，皈依也主要强调密宗的方式。而这里所说的共同方式，一般来说是具有权威性的。无论如何，大小乘的一切修行都不能超出皈依的范围，而且在未成佛之前都是需要的，而不是像共同前行的一部分或者只是口头说说而已的皈依。
English
Its result is only the edge. Now, while alive, what would you think if your hands and feet were tied with ropes, your red skin peeled off, and you were slaughtered like livestock; carrying heavy loads like a beast of burden, forced to travel long distances without rest? If you consider the suffering of hungry ghosts, such as hunger and thirst, you wouldn't be able to survive a day and would surely starve to death. But due to karma, you cannot die and must endure for many years. If you consider the current situation of being unhappy about drinking tea early or late, getting angry at friends, etc., can you endure it? The karma of falling into hell is very serious, and one body has unimaginable kinds of suffering. Even the scattered fragments of flesh and bones and the flow of pus and blood must be grasped and felt with the mind. What is said is only a small part of the suffering of hell, not fully revealed. When the sequence of thought becomes slightly familiar in the mind, do not only think of the order from hell upwards, but think sequentially that the suffering increases from the formless realm to hell, and then renunciation will arise quickly. These should not be like listening to stories, but should be taken to heart and thought of as if they were actually happening. Some say that hell is only one's own appearance and does not actually exist, but hell is not only one's own appearance, but also these containers and contents, and the diseases and sufferings caused by them, are no different from one's own appearance and dreams. But because it appears hard and solid, and must be actually felt, it is useless to say that it is only one's own appearance. Thinking like this again and again, even if you obtain the wealth of Indra, if you have the feeling of falling into a blazing fire, then you have grasped the beginning of generating renunciation in your mind. The fourth mind training section has four points: What is the cause of taking refuge? What is the object of refuge? How to take refuge? The order of recitation after taking refuge. In some instructions, after taking refuge, the common and uncommon preliminaries are explained, and taking refuge also emphasizes the tantric method. But the common method mentioned here is generally authoritative. In any case, all practices of the Greater and Lesser Vehicles cannot go beyond the scope of taking refuge, and are needed until enlightenment, not just a part of the common preliminaries or just verbal refuge.