English
It is said that (the worlds) named 'Relaxed', 'Fully Accumulated', 'Holder of Jewels', 'Radiant' are surrounded by the ten directions. It is said that their formation and destruction occur simultaneously. This is solely the domain of the masters of the ten bhumis (stages). It is widely known in the shared vehicle that only the trichiliocosm is said to undergo simultaneous formation and destruction. Furthermore, it is stated that those ocean-like Buddha-fields, adorned with fundamental lotus flowers, where a single supreme nirmanakaya playfully manifests, also experience simultaneous formation and destruction. Such a vast principle is solely the domain of the masters of the ten bhumis, and cannot be encompassed by the minds of Shravakas and others. This is the chapter presenting the general characteristics of Buddha-fields according to the Mahayana tradition. This is the commentary on the first chapter, which presents the general characteristics of Buddha-fields according to the Mahayana tradition. Second, the chapter specifically presenting the world system in common with the Hinayana. Second, the second chapter specifically explaining the Saha world system, has two parts: 1. A brief presentation, and 2. An extensive explanation. First, the brief presentation: This world has four (kalpas): formation, abiding, destruction, and emptiness. This (referring to page 12b) means that this particular world system of the four continents also has four great kalpas: the kalpa of formation, the kalpa of abiding, the kalpa of destruction, and the kalpa of emptiness. Second, the [extensive explanation] has three parts: 1. Initial formation, 2. Abiding in between, and 3. Explanation of the manner of destruction and emptiness at the end. First, the first (initial formation) has two parts: 1. Introduction, and 2. Actual explanation. First, the introduction: Among the two, container (world) and contained (beings), the world of the container is... Thus, among the two, container and contained, which are the ground where the four great kalpas occur, the explanation begins with the world of the container, after this introduction: Second, the actual (explanation) has two parts: 1. Explanation of the container, and 2. Explanation of the contained. First, the first (explanation of the container) has two parts: 1. The actual (explanation), and 2. The incidentally mentioned view of the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas. First, the first of those (actual explanation) has five parts: 1. How the Fortunate Kalpa arose, 2. Arrangement of mountains and continents, 3. Definitive meaning of the four continents, 4. The three lower realms and asuras, and 5. Explanation of the abodes of gods. First, how the Fortunate Kalpa arose: When the empty kalpa of the previous kalpa passed, in the ten directions...
Chinese
风轮十字相交而形成， 从云中降下雨水，在水的聚集中， 得见千朵莲花，名为贤劫。 由于此贤劫中菩萨们完全清净国土的愿力，以及众生共同的业力，在前一劫结束后，经过二十个空劫，从十方各自生起的强风互相猛烈撞击与推动，在此基础上，形成了一个连金刚也无法摧毁、坚硬而极其密实的十字风轮。在此之上，空中形成了厚密的云层，如同金色的轭木。从云中，雨水如同车轴般粗细，直至大滴雨珠，长时间地降落，因此形成了被风支撑的巨大水团。在此水团中央，千朵金莲竞相开放。净居天（12b）的诸天人见到此景，便知这是千佛出世的征兆。于是他们感叹道：“哎呀！这真是个贤劫啊！”因为这句特意发出的感叹，此劫便被称为贤劫，这是《悲华白莲经》（《大悲白莲华经》）中所说的。在《广智经》中，将此劫称为“见千莲花劫”，这也与前述说法相符。 二、[山洲的形成]： 风搅动水，形成金轮， 雨降大洋，风搅动的界域， 上中下依次增广， 于是须弥山、七金山、四大洲和铁围山形成。 如此，由于巨大的水团被风搅动，在其上方出现了金轮。在其上方，如前所述，雨水持续降落，形成了外层的大海。在此海中，风间歇性地兴起，近乎搅动，因此形成了上、中、下三种不同的界域。从上等的界域中，中央生起了由四宝自性构成的须弥山。从中等的界域中，生起了七金山。从下等的界域中，形成了由八个小洲和许多其他小洲围绕的四大洲以及铁围山。 同样，大论师世亲（Vasubandhu）曾说：那些只有各种种子的水，具有多种多样的力量……
English
The wind mandala forms in a cross shape, From clouds, rain falls, and amidst the mass of water, A thousand lotuses are seen, renowned as the Fortunate Kalpa. Due to the power of the bodhisattvas' aspirations to completely purify the realms in this Fortunate Kalpa, and the harmonious karma of sentient beings, after the preceding kalpa concluded, and after the passing of twenty empty kalpas, strong winds arose from each of the ten directions, violently striking and pushing each other. Based on this, an indestructible, firm, and extremely solid cross-shaped wind mandala was formed, which even vajras could not destroy. Above this, thick clouds formed in the sky, like golden yokes. From these, rain continually fell for a long time, from drops as thick as a chariot axle to large drops. As a result, a great mass of water supported by the wind was established. From the center of this mass of water, a thousand golden lotuses bloomed. When the deities of the Pure Abodes (12b) saw this, they recognized it as a sign of a thousand Buddhas appearing. They exclaimed, "Alas! This is indeed a fortunate kalpa!" Because of this special exclamation, it became known as the Fortunate Kalpa, as stated in the Sūtra of Compassion, the White Lotus (Karunapuṇḍarīka Sūtra). In the Sūtra of Extensive Wisdom, this kalpa is also referred to as the "Kalpa of Seeing a Thousand Lotuses," which is in accordance with this. Second, [Arrangement of Mountains and Continents]: Wind stirs the water, forming a golden disk, Rain falls into a great ocean, a realm stirred by wind, From the excellent, middling, and inferior expanding in succession, Mount Meru, the seven golden mountains, the four continents, and the surrounding iron mountains are formed. In this way, due to the great mass of water being stirred by the wind, a golden disk appeared above it. Above this, as before, rain continuously fell, forming the great outer ocean. Within this ocean, the wind arose intermittently, stirring it closely. Consequently, three distinct realms—superior, middling, and inferior—expanded in succession. From the superior realm, Mount Meru, composed of the nature of four precious jewels, arose in the center. From the middling realm, the seven golden mountains appeared. From the inferior realm, the four continents surrounded by eight minor continents and many others, along with the iron mountain range, were formed. Similarly, Ācārya Vasubandhu said: Those waters that possess only various kinds of seeds, endowed with various distinctions of power...
Chinese
当界风摧毁之时，便会转变为此等各类，等等，进行了广说。 所有山脉洲岛，沉入大海八万由旬。 须弥山从海面，高出八万由旬。 山王（须弥山）、七金山、四大部洲及其环绕区域的根基，都深入大海八万由旬，直至接触强大之基而安住。须弥山从海面向上隆起八万由旬而安住。 “斯”字为未尽语势之声（第13页反面）。 四方犹如水晶、琉璃、红宝石， 由黄金构成，天空也显现同样的颜色。 从水面界限以下，有四层阶梯。 须弥山是：具有四层阶梯，呈四方形。东方如水晶，南方如琉璃，西方如红宝石，北方如黄金之自性，如同各自方位的颜色，天空也清晰地显现出其颜色。须弥山本身从没入水中的界限算起，以下一半（自水面以下）环绕着四层阶梯。 其外环绕着持轭等七座金山。 其间充满了具八功德水的受用海。 须弥山（即山王）的外围，以与自身相似的形状，如帷幕般完全环绕的七座山是：第一是持轭山，第二是持犁山，第三是贤善山，第四是善见山，第五是马耳山，第六是妙见山，第七是持边山。这便是七金山。在这些金山之间，充满了具有八种功德水，被称为七受用海，它们充满其中。 八功德水是：清凉、甘美、轻软、润泽、澄清、无臭、饮之不伤咽喉、饮之不伤腹部。 四大部洲及八小洲的形状： 半月形、车辐形、圆形、方形。 东方是胜身洲，南方是瞻部洲，西方是牛货洲，北方是俱卢洲。这便是四大部洲。东方有身洲和胜身洲；南方有拂洲和胜拂洲；西方有遮末罗洲和旁遮末罗洲；北方有俱卢洲和俱卢洲之伴。这些（即四大部洲和八小洲）的形状依次是：半月形、（第13页反面）车辐形、圆形、方形，这四大部洲实际存在。
English
When elemental winds cause destruction, it transforms into these various types, and so on, it has been extensively explained. All mountains and continents sink eighty thousand yojanas into the ocean. Mount Meru rises eighty thousand yojanas above the sea. The foundations of Mount Meru (the king of mountains), the Seven Golden Mountains, the Four Continents, and their surrounding areas sink eighty thousand yojanas into the ocean, reaching the mighty foundation and residing there. Mount Meru itself rises eighty thousand yojanas upwards from the ocean surface and resides there. The particle "ste" (སྟེ་) signifies a continuation or an incomplete clause (page 13 verso). Square, made of crystal, lapis lazuli, ruby, And gold, and the sky also appears in those colors. From the water line downwards, there are four tiers. Regarding Mount Meru: It has four tiers and is square in shape. The East is crystal, the South is lapis lazuli, the West is ruby, and the North is golden in nature. Corresponding to the colors of each direction, the sky also clearly appears in those colors. Mount Meru itself, from the point where it sinks into the water downwards for half its submerged portion, is surrounded by four stacked tiers. At its perimeter, there are the Seven Golden Mountains, including Yugandhara. Their interspaces are filled with pleasure lakes containing water with eight qualities. Beyond Mount Meru, resembling its shape and entirely encircled as if by a curtain, are the Seven Mountains: The first is Yugandhara, the second is Ishadhara, the third is Khadiraka, the fourth is Sudarshana, the fifth is Ashvakarna, the sixth is Vinataka, and the seventh is Nimindhara. These are the Seven Golden Mountains. The spaces between them are filled with water possessing eight qualities, renowned as the Seven Pleasure Lakes (or Seven Inner Seas), and are thus filled. The eight qualities are: coolness, deliciousness, lightness, softness, clarity, freedom from foul odor, being harmless to the throat when drunk, and being harmless to the stomach when drunk. The shapes of the Four Continents and the Eight Subcontinents: Crescent-shaped, cart-wheel spoke shaped, circular, square. East is Purvavideha, South is Jambudvipa, West is Aparagodaniya, North is Uttarakuru. These are the Four Great Continents. In the East are Deha and Videha; in the South are Chamara and Aparachamara; in the West are Shatha and Uttaramantrin; in the North are Kurava and Kaurava. These (i.e., the Four Great Continents and the Eight Subcontinents) have shapes that are, respectively: crescent-shaped, (page 13 verso) cart-wheel spoke shaped, circular, and square. These Four Great Continents actually exist.