Chinese
哪种持戒？ 守护无间断，恒常守护者，如旃扎果弥般的居士。 意思是说，出家众有十种学处，其中允许接受金银是为了抚养子女，以及歌舞和用珍宝装饰，这两者因过失小而算作一个，被称为八支斋戒，并非偶尔守护，而是无间断地恒常守护，那就是如同圣地的旃扎果弥般的居士。 在家居士在初八、十五、三十和四大节日等日子里需要守护八支斋戒，而比这更甚的是梵行居士，因为断绝了女色，所以不是在家众，又因为没有受持出家的标志，所以也不是出家众，导师旃扎果弥似乎也仅仅是依靠这别解脱戒。 皈依三宝的居士，《涅槃经》中说： 凡皈依佛者，即是真正之居士。 所以，一旦皈依三宝，就是真正的居士。 其中的圆满居士的断除之法是四根本和酒，共五种。 皈依三宝的居士有应断除的三种，应修持的三种，以及随顺的三种。 出家众中，有受具足戒和未受具足戒两种，第一种又分为沙弥和比丘两种。 第一种（沙弥）有舍弃皈依、不敬师长、接受在家众的标志、舍弃出家众的标志等。 根本： 沙弥断杀盗，不净行妄语，以及酒等，歌舞等，花鬘等，高广大床，非时食，受金银，受持十种学处是其特点。 意思是说，对于沙弥，直接宣说应断除的粗略十种，以及从侧面以精细的方式进行区分的两种。如果将这些归纳起来，可以归为戒律、谨慎、苦行的三个方面。 这些的详细情况可以在释论中查看。 根本： 比丘尼是在此之上的，对于生女者，接触等应断除的十二种，以及其对治，以女性烦恼，两年等能忍受或不能忍受进行观察。 意思是说，比丘尼是
English
Which is the observance? That which is constantly observed without interruption is like the upasaka Chandragomin. This means that among the ten precepts of the ordained, the permission to receive gold and silver is for the purpose of raising children, and the two, dancing and adorning with precious garlands, are counted as one because of their minor faults, which is called the eight-branch precept. It is not just occasional observance, but constant observance without interruption, which is like the upasaka Chandragomin of the holy land. Laypeople need to observe the eight-branch temporary precepts on the eighth, fifteenth, and thirtieth days of the month, and on the four great festivals, etc. Moreover, the celibate upasaka is not a layperson because he has abandoned women, and he is not an ordained person because he has not taken the signs of ordination. It seems that the teacher Chandragomin also relies only on this Pratimoksha vow. The upasaka who takes refuge in the Three Jewels, the Nirvana Sutra says: Whoever goes for refuge to the Buddha is a true upasaka. Therefore, once one takes refuge in the Three Jewels, one is a true upasaka. The things to be abandoned by a complete upasaka are the four roots and alcohol, a total of five. The upasaka who takes refuge in the Three Jewels has three things to be abandoned, three things to be cultivated, and three things to be in accordance with. Among the ordained, there are two types: those who have taken full ordination and those who have not. The first type is divided into novice monks and monks. The first type (novice monks) includes abandoning refuge, disrespecting teachers and preceptors, taking the signs of laypeople, and abandoning the signs of the ordained. Root: A novice monk abandons killing, stealing, unchaste conduct, lying, and alcohol, etc., dancing, garlands, high and large beds, untimely food, and receiving gold and silver. Holding the ten precepts is its special characteristic. This means that for a novice monk, the ten gross things to be abandoned are directly stated, and there are two types of distinctions made from the side in a detailed manner. If these are summarized, they can be classified into three aspects: discipline, mindfulness, and asceticism. The detailed explanations of these can be found in the great commentary. Root: A nun is above that, for a woman who has given birth, the twelve things to be abandoned, such as touching, and their antidotes, with female afflictions, observe whether she can endure for two years or not. This means that a nun is
Chinese
在获得沙弥的十条戒律的基础上，受了式叉摩那的戒律。也就是在之前的戒律之上，通过包括避免接触男性等十二种对治法的方法，来观察女性是否能够通过烦恼来断除贪欲，从而确定能否在两年等时间内守住戒律。这十二种对治法是六根本法和六随顺法，共十二种。七种无罪也属于式叉摩那。根本：比丘断绝四根本堕罪，以及十三僧残罪，三十舍堕罪，九十单堕罪，四波罗提提舍尼罪，一百一十二恶作罪，总计二百五十三种。也就是说，比丘的四根本堕罪是：不行梵行，不予取，杀生，妄语。在此之上，僧团有十三僧残罪：故意遗精，触摩染心之妇女，说不正淫语，赞叹供养以动其心，为媒媾，建造房舍，违越规矩建造大房舍，无根诽谤，假借少分而诽谤，破僧，随顺破僧者，污损在家，不顺从教诲。加上之前的四种，共十七种。三十舍堕罪是：蓄长衣，离衣宿，损减衣，令浣染缝衣，乞衣，求衣，异求衣，越量求衣，取非亲里比丘尼之衣，受寄衣，作蚕绵卧具，作黑羊毛卧具，杂二种毛作卧具，六年作卧具，量过量作卧具，道中捉羊毛，令浣染缝羊毛，触宝物，作如是语，贸易，过十日蓄钵，更求好钵，使织师织衣，使染师染衣，夺他衣，因戏笑而夺他衣。
English
On top of having received the ten precepts of a novice monk, one takes the vows of a śikṣamāṇā. That is, on top of the previous vows, one observes whether a woman can abandon attachment through afflictions by means of methods including the twelve remedies that avoid touching men, etc., thereby determining whether or not she can keep the vows for two years, etc. These twelve remedies are the six root dharmas and the six conforming dharmas, totaling twelve. The seven faultless ones also belong to the śikṣamāṇā. Root: A bhikṣu severs the four root defeats, as well as the thirteen saṃghāvaśeṣa offenses, the thirty naiḥsargika pāyantika offenses, the ninety pāyantika offenses, the four pratideśanīya offenses, and the one hundred and twelve duṣkṛta offenses, totaling two hundred and fifty-three. That is to say, the four root defeats of a bhikṣu are: not practicing celibacy, not giving alms, killing, and lying. On top of this, the saṃgha has thirteen saṃghāvaśeṣa offenses: deliberately emitting semen, touching a woman with a defiled mind, speaking improper sexual words, praising offerings to move her mind, acting as a matchmaker, building houses, building large houses in violation of the rules, unfounded slander, slandering by borrowing a small part, breaking up the saṃgha, following those who break up the saṃgha, defiling the home, and not following the teachings. Adding the previous four, there are seventeen in total. The thirty naiḥsargika pāyantika offenses are: keeping extra robes, sleeping apart from robes, reducing robes, ordering robes to be washed, dyed, and sewn, begging for robes, asking for robes in a different way, asking for robes beyond measure, taking robes from a non-related bhikṣuṇī, receiving entrusted robes, making silken bedding, making black wool bedding, making bedding mixed with two kinds of wool, making bedding for six years, making bedding that exceeds the measure, picking wool on the road, ordering wool to be washed, dyed, and sewn, touching precious objects, making such statements, trading, keeping a bowl for more than ten days, seeking a better bowl, having a weaver weave robes, having a dyer dye robes, taking away another's robes, and taking away another's robes in jest.
Tibetan
་བ། དགོན་པའི་འབྲལ་བའི་སྤང་བ། རས་ཆེན་གྱི་སྤང་བ། བསྔོས་པ་གཞན་དུ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་སྤང་བ། བསོག་འཇོག་གི་སྤང་བ་སྟེ་སུམ་ཅུའོ། །ལྟུང་བྱེད་འབའ་ཞིག་དགུ་བཅུ་ཐབ་པ་ནི། རྫུན་སྨྲ་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༡ དེ་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་སྐྱོན་བརྗོད་པའི།༢ ཕྲ་མ་བྱེད་པའི།༣ སྐྱོན་འདོགས་བྱེད་པའི།༤ བུད་མེད་ལ་ཆོས་བསྟན་པའི།༥ བསྙེན་པར་མ་རྫོགས་པ་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཆོས་འདོན་པའི།༦ གནས་ངན་ལེན་བྱེད་པའི།༧ མི་ཆོས་བླ་མ་དབྱེན་བྱེད་པའི།༨ སྐུར་བ་འདེབས་པའི།༩ ཁྱད་གསོད་ཀྱི།༡༠ ས་བོན་དང་སྐྱེ་འཇིག་པའི།༡༡ འཕྱ་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༡༢ བསྒོ་བ་རྣ་ལ་གཟོན་པའི།༡༣ གནས་མལ་ལས་གྱུར་པའི།༡༤ གདིང་བ་ལས་གྱུར་པའི།༡༥ སྤྲོད་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༡༦ ཕྱིས་གནོན་བྱེད་ཀྱི།༡༧ རྩ་བ་འབྱུང་བའི།༡༨ སྲོག་ཆགས་དང་བཅས་པའི།༡༩ རིམ་པ་ལྷག་པར་རྩིག་པའི།༢༠ དགེ་སློང་མ་ལ་ཆོས་སྟོན་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༢༡ ཉི་མ་ནུབ་ཀྱི་བར་ཆོས་སྟོན་པའི།༢༢ ཟས་ཅུང་ཟད་ཙམ་གྱི།༢༣ གོས་བྱིན་པའི།༢༤ གོས་བྱེད་པའི།༢༥ ལམ་དུ་འགྲོ་བའི།༢༦ དགེ་སློང་མ་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་གྲུར་འཇུག་པའི།༢༧ དབེན་པ་སྐྱབས་ཡོད་དུ་འཇུག་པའི།༢༨ འགྲེང་བའི།༢༩ ཟས་སྦྱོར་དུ་འཇུག་པའི།༣༠ ཡང་ཡང་བཟའ་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༣༡ ཟས་བཟའ་བའི།༣༢ ལྷག་མ་ལེན་པའི།༣༣ སྤངས་པ་བཟའ་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༣༤ སྤངས་པ་སྟོབས་པའི།༣༥ འདུས་ཤིང་བསའ་བའི།༣༦ དུས་མ་ཡིན་པར་བཟའ་བའི།༣༧ གསོག་འཇོག་བྱེད་པའི།༣༨ བྱིན་ལེན་མ་བྱས་པར་བཟའ་བའི།༣༩ ཟས་བསོད་པ་སློང་བའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༤༠ སྲོག་ཆགས་དང་བཅས་པ་ཆུ་ལ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པའི།༤༡ ཉལ་པོ་བྱེད་པའི།༤༢ ཁྱིམ་དུ་གནས་པའི། ཉལ་པོ་བྱེད་པའི་ཁྱིམ་དུ་འགྲེང་བའི།༤༣ གཅེས་བུ་ལ་ཟས་བྱིན་པའི།༤༤ དམག་ལ་ལྟ་བའི།༤༥ དམག་གི་ནང་དུ་གནས་པའི།༤༦ བཤམས་པ་དཀྲུགས་པའི།༤༧ བརྡེག་པའི།༤༨ བརྡེག་པར་གཟས་པའི།༤༩ གནས་ངན་ལེན་པའི།༥༠ ཟན་གཅོད་དུ་འཇུག་པའི།༥༡ མེ་ལ་རེག་པའི།༥༢ འདུན་པ་ཕྱིར་བསྒྱུར་བའི།༥༣ ནུབ་ལྷག་པོར་ཉལ་བའི།༥༤ སྡིག་ལྟ་མི་གཏོང་བའི།༥༥ སྤངས་པ་རྗེས་སུ་ཕྱོགས་པའི།༥༦ དགེ་ཚུལ་བསྙིལ་བ་སྡུད་པའི།༥༧ གོས་ཁ་མ་བསྒྱུར་བའི།༥༨ རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལ་རེག་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༥༩ ཁྲུས་བྱེད་པའི།༦༠ དུད་འགྲོ་གསོད་པའི།༦༡ འགྱོད་པ་བསྐྱེད་པའི།༦༢ གག་ཚིལ་བྱེད་པའི།༦༣ ཆུ་ལ་རྩེ་བའི།༦༤ བུད་མེད་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་ཉལ་བའི།༦༥ དངངས་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ལྟུང་བྱེད།༦༦ དགེ་སློང་ལ་མཐོ་འཚམ་པའི་བསམ་པ་འཇིགས་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྟོན་པའོ། །སྨད་པའི
Chinese
舍堕三十者：寺院的舍堕、旷野的舍堕、大布的舍堕、回向他人的舍堕、积蓄的舍堕，共三十。 九十单堕者：妄语的单堕，之后依次是：说人过失的、离间语的、安立罪名的、为妇女说法的、与未受具足戒者一同诵经的、作恶行的、离间僧众的、诽谤的、轻蔑的、种子和新生的、嘲笑的单堕、不听教诲的、住所改变的、坐垫改变的、给予的单堕、之后强迫的、根本发生的、与有情众生相关的、次第增上的、为比丘尼说法的单堕、日落后说法的、少许食物的、给予衣服的、制作衣服的、道路上行走的、与比丘尼一同乘船的、僻静处允许有依靠的、站立的、允许食物混合的、屡次食用的单堕、食用的、剩余的、舍弃的食物的单堕、舍弃食物强迫的、聚集食用的、非时食用的、积蓄的、未给予而食用的、乞食的单堕、与有情众生一同享用水的、睡眠的、在家中的、睡眠的在家中站立的、给予孩子食物的、观看军队的、在军队中居住的、扰乱陈设的、打的、打算打的、作恶行的、允许断食的、触碰火的、意愿转变的、过夜睡眠的、不舍弃邪见的、随顺舍弃的、收留沙弥还俗的、衣服未改变的、触碰珍宝的单堕、沐浴的、杀害畜生的、生起后悔的、制作油的、水中嬉戏的、与妇女一同睡眠的、使人惊慌的单堕、对比丘显示高位的恐怖想法。
English
The thirty offenses of expiation involving forfeiture: The monastery's forfeiture, the wilderness's forfeiture, the large cloth's forfeiture, the forfeiture of dedicating to others, the forfeiture of accumulating, totaling thirty. The ninety single offenses of expiation: The single offense of lying, then in order: Speaking of others' faults, divisive speech, establishing accusations, teaching Dharma to women, reciting scriptures with those who have not taken full ordination, engaging in evil conduct, causing discord among the Sangha, slandering, belittling, seeds and new growth, the single offense of mocking, not listening to instructions, changing residence, changing cushions, the single offense of giving, then forcing afterward, fundamentally arising, related to sentient beings, progressively increasing, the single offense of teaching Dharma to nuns, teaching Dharma after sunset, a small amount of food, giving clothes, making clothes, walking on the road, boarding a boat with nuns, allowing reliance in secluded places, standing, allowing food mixing, repeatedly eating, the single offense of eating, leftovers, the single offense of abandoned food, forcing abandoned food, gathering to eat, eating at improper times, accumulating, eating without being given, the single offense of begging for food, enjoying water with sentient beings, sleeping, at home, standing at home while sleeping, giving food to children, watching armies, residing in armies, disturbing arrangements, hitting, intending to hit, engaging in evil conduct, allowing fasting, touching fire, changing intentions, sleeping overnight, not abandoning wrong views, following abandonment, accepting novice monks who have disrobed, clothes not changed, the single offense of touching precious jewels, bathing, killing animals, generating regret, making oil, playing in water, sleeping with women, the single offense of causing fear, showing terrifying thoughts of high position to monks.