Chinese
因此,宣说阿赖耶识的原因是,为了将细微又细微的所知事物归纳为所诠释的内容。而声闻不需要了解细微的所知事物来实现自己的愿望,因为仅仅通过学习四句偈的意义,也能显现断除烦恼障的解脱之身,就像小乘的阿罗汉一样。如果宣说阿赖耶识会有什么过失呢?如果宣说作为一切法之种子的依处,作为器情世界一切的因,使轮回永不间断,作为束缚和解脱之基础的那个识,就是阿赖耶识,那么有些不聪明的声闻种姓的人会误以为是“我”,从而执着为“我”,这是不行的。在大乘中则必须宣说,因为菩萨们如果不学习细微的所知事物,就无法获得一切智智。而且,即使像以前一样宣说阿赖耶识,也只会理解为无常、他自在的法,因此不会产生过失。如是说,《大乘集论》中说:为什么在声闻乘中,没有宣说心即是阿赖耶识,或者说取识呢?因为是为了归纳细微的所知事物,声闻们并不属于了解一切所知事物。因此,即使不向他们宣说,他们也能很好地理解,因此没有宣说,因为他们能很好地获得解脱。菩萨们属于了解一切所知事物。
English
Therefore, the reason for explaining the Alaya-vijñana is to gather subtle and extremely subtle knowable things into what is to be expressed. However, the Shravakas do not need to know subtle knowable things to achieve their own desires, because even by studying the meaning of just four-line verses, they can manifest the body of liberation that has abandoned the afflictive obscurations, just like the Arhats of the small vehicle. If there is any fault in teaching it, what would it be? If it is taught that the consciousness that serves as the basis for the seeds of all dharmas, the cause of all containers and contents, that makes samsara continue uninterrupted, and that is the basis of bondage and liberation, is the Alaya-vijñana, then some unwise Shravaka types might think it is "I" and cling to it as "I," which is not permissible. In the Mahayana, however, it must be taught, because Bodhisattvas cannot attain omniscience without studying subtle knowable things. Moreover, even if the Alaya-vijñana is taught as before, it will only be understood as impermanent, other-dependent dharmas, so no fault will arise. As it is said, in the Compendium of the Great Vehicle: Why is it that in the Shravaka Vehicle, the mind is not taught as the Alaya-vijñana, or the taking consciousness? Because it is for gathering subtle knowable things, and the Shravakas do not belong to those who know all knowable things. Therefore, even without teaching it to them, they can understand it well, so it is not taught, because they can achieve liberation well. Bodhisattvas belong to those who know all knowable things.
Chinese
又,在《摄大乘论》中说:又有些人认为,世尊所说的“对于一切众生,阿赖耶识是普遍喜爱的”这句话,是指五取蕴就是阿赖耶识。另一些人认为,伴随贪欲的快乐感受就是阿赖耶识。还有些人认为,有身见就是阿赖耶识。这些人因为不了解阿赖耶识,所以通过经文和证悟这样认为。如此等等。那么,这部经的意义,是否像那些宗派论者所解释的那样,也适用于大乘呢?对于小乘的观点来说:这种说法并非不可接受,然而,大乘行者们认为这部经的意义,在于执持阿赖耶识。因为世亲等人的解释存在过失。那些小乘行者不是宣讲阿赖耶识的法器,并且对它一无所知,因此将阿赖耶识的意义解释为其他事物并非不可接受,这只是一个小小的缺陷。然而,对于那些不迷惑于阿赖耶识的大乘行者来说,将经中所说的阿赖耶识的意义理解为阿赖耶识是最为殊胜的。因为三位尊者的观点存在过失,而将阿赖耶识理解为阿赖耶识是毫无瑕疵的。那么,三位尊者的观点是如何存在过失的呢?如是说:即使在声闻乘中进行安立,他们的安立也并非不可接受,但是,将阿赖耶识的安立完全理解为阿赖耶识来进行安立才是最为殊胜的。如何最为殊胜呢?像这样,五取蕴与生于极其痛苦的恶趣众生是不相符的。因此,将它与那些极其不想要的事物联系起来是不合理的,因为他们认为这些事物与他们是分离的。伴随贪欲的快乐感受在第四禅及以上的境界中也是不存在的,因为它与具有这种感受的众生是不相符的,因此在那里将它联系起来也是不合理的。有身见也与那些信奉无我的佛教徒是不相符的,因此在那里将它联系起来也是不合理的。经的意义在于将阿赖耶识理解为 阿赖耶识。
English
Furthermore, in the Compendium on the Great Vehicle, it says: Some think that the Blessed One's statement, "The ālaya-vijñāna is universally pleasing to all beings," refers to the five aggregates of appropriation as the ālaya-vijñāna. Others think that the feeling of pleasure accompanied by desire is the ālaya-vijñāna. Still others think that the view of the perishable collection is the ālaya-vijñāna. These people are confused about the ālaya-vijñāna and think so through scripture and realization. So it is said. Then, is the meaning of this sutra also applicable to the Great Vehicle as explained by those proponents of philosophical tenets? For the view of the Lesser Vehicle: This way of thinking is not unacceptable, but the Great Vehicle practitioners consider the meaning of this scripture to be the holding of the ālaya-vijñāna. Because the explanations of Vasubandhu and others are flawed. Those Lesser Vehicle practitioners are not vessels for teaching the ālaya-vijñāna and are ignorant of it, so it is not unacceptable to explain the meaning of the ālaya-vijñāna as something else, it is just a small flaw. However, for those Great Vehicle practitioners who are not confused about the ālaya-vijñāna, it is most excellent to understand the meaning of the ālaya-vijñāna as the ālaya-vijñāna. Because the views of the three monks are flawed, while understanding the ālaya-vijñāna as the ālaya-vijñāna is flawless. How are the views of the three monks flawed? As it is said: Even if it is established in the Hearer Vehicle, their establishment is not unacceptable, but it is most excellent to establish the ālaya-vijñāna by fully understanding it as the ālaya-vijñāna. How is it most excellent? Like this, the five aggregates of appropriation are incompatible with those born in the extremely painful lower realms. Therefore, it is unreasonable to associate it with those extremely undesirable things, because they consider these things to be separate from them. The feeling of pleasure accompanied by desire is also non-existent in the fourth dhyana and above, because it is incompatible with beings who have this feeling, so it is also unreasonable to associate it there. The view of the perishable collection is also incompatible with those Buddhists who believe in no-self, so it is also unreasonable to associate it there. The meaning of the sutra lies in understanding the ālaya-vijñāna as the ālaya-vijñāna.
Tibetan
སྐྱོན་མེད་པ་ཇི་ལྟར་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལ་ནང་གི་བདག་གི་དངོས་པོར་ཁས་བླངས་པ་ནི། ཤིན་ཏུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བའི་འགྲོ་བ་རྣམས་སུ་སྐྱེས་པ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ་རྣམ་པར་ཞིག་པར་འདོད་ཀྱང་ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལ་བདག་ཏུ་ཆགས་པས་བཅིངས་པ་རྣམས། དེ་རྣམ་པར་ཞིག་པར་འདོད་པར་ནི་ནམ་ཡང་མི་འགྱུར་རོ། །བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པ་ཡན་ཆད་གོང་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་འདོད་ཆགས་དང་བཅས་པའི་བདེ་བ་དང་མི་མཐུན་དུ་ཟིན་ཀྱང་ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལ་བདག་གི་དངོས་པོར་ཆགས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲེལ་བ་ནི་ཡོད་པ་ཉིད་དོ། །དེ་བཞིན་དུ་ཆོས་འདི་པ་བདག་མེད་པ་ལ་མོས་པ་རྣམས་བདག་ཏུ་ལྟ་བ་དང་མི་མཐུན་དུ་ཟིན་ཀྱང་ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལ་བདག་གི་དངོས་པོར་ཆགས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པ་ཉིད་དེ། དེ་ལྟ་བས་ན་ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལ་ཀུན་གཞི་ཉིད་དུ་ཆོས་ལེགས་པར་རྣམ་པར་བཞག་པ་གྲུབ་བོ། །ཞེས་སོ། །དེ་དག་གིས་འདི་བསྟན་ཏེ། ཀུན་གཞི་ཞེས་པའི་དོན། སྦྱོར་བ་ཡིན་ཅིང་དེ་ཡང་བདག་ཏུ་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པའི་རྣམ་པས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་དེར་སྦྱོར་བ་ཡིན་པས་ན་ངན་འགྲོ་རྣམས་དང༌། ཚོར་བ་བདེ་བ་མེད་པ་བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པ་ཡན་ཆད་དང༌། ཆོས་འདི་པ་བདག་མེད་པ་ལ་མོས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱང་བདག་ཏུ་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པའི་རྣམ་པས་ཀུན་གཞི་ལ་སྦྱོར་བ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །སྙམ་དུ་བསམས་སོ། །དེ་ལྟར་བྱས་ན་ཉོན་ཡིད་གནས་གྱུར་ནས་ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་ཤེས་མེད་པ་ནི་སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་ཡིས་བཞེད་པ་ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་ མེད་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཀུན་གཞི་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་འཕྲོས་པ་དང་བཅས་པ་བཤད་ཟིན་ཏོ།། ༈ གཉིས་པ་ཉོན་ཡིད་ཀྱི་རིགས་པ་ནི། ཉོན་མོངས་ཅན་གྱི་ཡིད་མེད་ན། །མ་འདྲེས་པ་ཡི་མ་རིག་དང༌། །ལྔ་པོ་དག་དང་འདྲ་བ་དང༌། །སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག་པའི་བྱེ་བྲག་དང༌། །ངེས་ཚིག་མེད་པའི་སྐྱོན་དུ་འགྱུར། །འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་པར་སྐྱེས་པའི་རྒྱུན། །ངར་འཛིན་མེད་པའི་སྐྱོན་དུ་འགྱུར། །ངར་འཛིན་པ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི། །རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་ཏུ་མི་འཐད་ཕྱིར། །ཉོན་ཡིད་ཡོད་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ། །ཉོན་ཡིད་མེད་ན་གནོད་པ་དྲུག་འབབ་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཉོན་ཡིད་ཡོད་པར་ཁས་བླང་ངོ༌། །ཉོན་ཡིད་མེད་ན་མ་འདྲེས་པའི་མ་རིག་པ་མེད་པར་ཇི་ལྟར་འགྱུར་ཞེ་ན། ཐེག་བསྡུས་སུ། ཡང་དག་དོན་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ཡི། །སེམས་ཀྱི་གེགས་སུ་རྟག་གྱུར་དང༌། །དུས་རྣམས་ཀུན་ཏུ་འབྱུང་བ་སྟེ། །མ་འདྲེས་པ་ཡི་མ་རིག་འདོད། །ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་མ་རིག་པ་དེ་ནི་བདག་མེད་པའི་དོན་མངོན་སུམ་
Chinese
那么,怎样才是没有过失的呢?如是说:如果承认阿赖耶识为内在的我的实体,那么,生于极度痛苦的众生,虽然希望痛苦的蕴聚彻底止息,但由于被执着于阿赖耶识为我所束缚,他们希望彻底止息是永远不会实现的。生于禅定四以上境界的众生,即使与具有贪欲的快乐不相符,但与执着阿赖耶识为我的实体的联系仍然存在。同样,这些信奉无我的佛教徒,即使与我见不相符,但与执着阿赖耶识为我的实体的联系仍然存在。因此,在阿赖耶识上,作为阿赖耶识本身,很好地安立了法。如是说。这些表明,阿赖耶的意思是结合,也就是以显现为我的方式将众生结合在那里,因此,恶趣的众生,以及没有快乐感受的禅定四以上境界的众生,以及信奉无我的佛教徒,也因为以显现为我的方式与阿赖耶识结合而存在。如是思。如果这样做,烦恼意转依后,没有阿赖耶识,那么这位论师的观点就是没有过失的。 阿赖耶识的论证及其余论述完毕。 第二,烦恼意的理路是:如果没有烦恼意,那么不共无明,以及与五者相同,以及等至的差别,以及没有定义的过失就会产生。无想生之相续,就会有无我执的过失。因为具有我执者,在任何方面都不合理,所以应当了知有烦恼意。如果没有烦恼意,就会降临六种损害,因此承许有烦恼意。如果没有烦恼意,那么不共的无明怎么会没有呢?在《摄大乘论》中说:‘恒常作为趣入真实义的心之障碍,并且在一切时分生起,是不共的无明。’如是说,因此无明是无我的意义现量
English
How is it without fault? As it is said: If the Alaya-consciousness is accepted as the substance of the inner self, then those beings born in extremely painful realms, although they wish for the complete cessation of the aggregates of suffering, are bound by attachment to the Alaya-consciousness as self. Their wish for complete cessation will never come to pass. Those born above the fourth dhyana, even if they are incompatible with the pleasure of desire, still have a connection with attachment to the Alaya-consciousness as the substance of self. Similarly, these Buddhists who believe in no-self, even if they are incompatible with the view of self, still have a connection with attachment to the Alaya-consciousness as the substance of self. Therefore, on the Alaya-consciousness, as the Alaya-consciousness itself, the Dharma is well established. So it is said. These indicate that the meaning of Alaya is connection, and that it connects beings there in the aspect of appearing as self. Therefore, beings in the lower realms, as well as those above the fourth dhyana who have no feeling of pleasure, and Buddhists who believe in no-self, also exist because they are connected to the Alaya-consciousness in the aspect of appearing as self. So it is thought. If this is done, then after the afflicted mind has undergone transformation, the absence of Alaya-consciousness means that this teacher's view is without fault. The proof of the Alaya-consciousness and the remaining discussion are finished. Second, the reasoning for the afflicted mind is: If there is no afflicted mind, then there will be non-common ignorance, as well as being the same as the five, as well as the distinction of samadhi, and the fault of having no definition. The continuum of the birth of the unconscious will have the fault of no self-grasping. Because it is unreasonable in every way for those who have self-grasping, it should be known that there is an afflicted mind. If there is no afflicted mind, six harms will befall, therefore it is accepted that there is an afflicted mind. If there is no afflicted mind, how can there be no non-common ignorance? In the Compendium of the Great Vehicle it is said: 'That which constantly hinders the mind from entering into the true meaning, and arises at all times, is called non-common ignorance.' As it is said, therefore ignorance is the direct perception of the meaning of no-self.