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JLD014 0017.The Great Notes on Pramana Heard by Gyaltsab Dharma Raja in the Presence of Je..g2.0f

Chinese

应当理解这些。非遮遣的异体和无遮遣的异体的定义。前者是施设或不施设所立之法。心识和对境的异体的定义。依次为非遮遣的遣除,安立为仅由心识假立,以及由自相成立而存在。如果认为瓶子的自相也必须承许为异体,因为遣除所遣除的异类。那么,也会变成遮止,因为遮止所遮止的异类。一切都相同。第三,关于二谛的分类的真实内容。二谛的定义,以及造作外境分类的必要,以及通过确定法的无我来解释经论的意趣的方式,以及量果的分类。第一,胜义是能起作用者,此即胜义存在。其余是世俗存在,这些解释了自相和共相的定义。等等。此处,虽然心识和对境二者在二谛的所依上存在差异,但在定义上难以区分,因此以共同的角度而言。凡以自性,遮蔽他性者,遮蔽彼等虽各异。如旧译中说:世俗彼等虽各异。因此,大多数宗派论者都一致认为,遮蔽见彼性者是世俗的词义解释。以自相直接作为执著境而遮蔽的分别念,以世俗安立的意义即是世俗谛,因为在那上面是真实的。因此,世俗谛的定义是仅由世俗分别念假立而成立的法。胜义谛的定义不是仅由分别念假立,而是从对境自身成立。与《俱舍论》中所说的二谛的安立方式不同。因为从那以后,瓶子等被破坏,其分别念可以舍弃,所以安立为世俗。而此处,以自相成立而安立为胜义成立,所以在那里虽然被说成是世俗的所依,但此处却被安立为胜义的所依。衡量对境有二,故量有二。等等,如果说比量所量是对境,那么,共相,以及不能起作用等所遍及。

English

These should be understood. The definitions of other-exclusion by non-affirming negation and other-exclusion by affirming negation. The former is that which establishes or does not establish the object to be proven. The definitions of other-exclusion of mind and object. Respectively, the exclusion of non-affirming negation, which exists merely as imputed by mind, and that which exists as established by its own characteristics. If it is thought that the self-character of a pot must also be accepted as other-exclusion, because it excludes the dissimilar kinds to be excluded, then it will also become a negation, because it prevents the dissimilar kinds to be negated. Everything is the same. Third, regarding the actual content of the classification of the two truths. The definitions of the two truths, and the necessity of making a classification of external objects, and the way of explaining the intention of the scriptures through establishing the selflessness of phenomena, and the classification of valid cognition and its result. First, that which is ultimately able to perform a function is what is ultimately existent here. The rest is conventionally existent, these explain the definitions of self and general characteristics. And so on. Here, although there is a difference in the basis of the two truths between mind and object, it is difficult to distinguish in definition, so from a common point of view. Whatever by its own nature, obscures the nature of others, although those obscurations are different. As it appears in the old translation: Although those conventions are different. Therefore, most proponents of tenets agree that the explanation of the term convention is that which obscures the seeing of thatness. The thought that obscures taking self-characteristics directly as the object of apprehension, the meaning established by convention is called conventional truth, because it is true in that respect. Therefore, the definition of conventional truth is a phenomenon that is established merely as imputed by conventional thought. The definition of ultimate truth is not merely imputed by thought, but is established from the object's own side. The way of establishing the two truths explained in the Treasury is not the same. Because after that, when a pot and so on are destroyed, the thought of it can be abandoned, so it is established as conventional. But here, it is established as ultimately established by being established by its own characteristics, so there it is said to be the basis of convention, but here it is established as the basis of ultimate truth. Since there are two objects to be measured, there are two valid cognitions. And so on, if it is said that the object to be measured by inference is an object, then it is pervaded by general characteristics, and the inability to perform a function, and so on.

Tibetan

བ་པ་དང༌། མངོན་སུམ་ཚད་མའི་གཞལ་བྱ་ལ་དེ་ལས་ལྡོག་པས་ཁྱབ་པར་བཤད་ཅིང༌། མངོན་སུམ་ལྐོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ལས། །གཞལ་བྱ་གཞན་ནི་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན། ཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་སུའང་ལྐོག་གྱུར་ཡིན་ན་རང་མཚན་མ་ཡིན་པས་ཁྱབ་པ་ལྟ་བུར་བཤད་པ་དང༌། ཡང༌རང་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་གཅིག་གཞལ་བྱ། ཞེས་རང་མཚན་ཁོ་ན་གཞལ་བྱར་བཤད་པར་དང༌། ཡང་གཞལ་བྱ་གཅིག་ཉིད་ཚད་མ་གཉིས་ཀས་རྟོགས་ཚུལ་ཐ་དད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་འཇལ་བར་བཤད་པ་སོགས་ཇི་ལྟར་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། གཞལ་བྱ་རང་མཚན་གཅིག་པུར་བཤད་པ་ཚད་མའི་དངོས་ཀྱི་གཞལ་བྱ་ལ་བསམས་པ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། རྟོགས་ལྡན་ཚད་མའི་སྒོ་ནས་དཔྱད་པ་བྱེད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་མཚན་ཁ་ཅིག་སྔར་མ་བཀག་པ་གསར་དུ་དགག་པ་མ་བྱས་ན་གནོད་པ་བསྐྱེད་པ་དང༌། སྔར་མ་རྟོགས་པ་གསར་དུ་རྟོགས་པར་བྱས་པ་ལས་གནས་སྐབས་དང་མཐར་ཐུག་གི་ཕན་པ་བསྐྱེད་པར་མཐོང་ནས་དགག་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་པ་ཡིན་ལ། ཕན་གནོད་དེའང་རང་མཚན་ཁོ་ནས་བྱེད་པས། རང་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་གཅིག་གཞལ་བྱ། ཞེས་སྨོས་ཏེ་དེ་ཕན་ཆད་དུ་འབྲས་བུ་མེད་ན་བདག་མེད་ངེས་པ་ལའང་དགོས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །གཞལ་བྱ་གཉིས་ཕྱིར། ཞེས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མངོན་རྗེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཚད་མར་སོང་ས་རང་མཚན་དང་སྤྱི་མཚན་གཉིས་སོ་སོ་ཁོ་ནར་ངེས་པར་སྟོན་པ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། སྒྲོ་འདོགས་གསར་དུ་གཅོད་པ་ལ་རང་མཚན་གཟུང་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱས་ནས་གཅོད་པ་དང་སྤྱི་མཚན་གཟུང་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱས་ནས་གཅོད་པ་གཉིས་མཐོང་གི་གཞན་མ་མཐོང་བས་འཇལ་ཚུལ་གཉིས་ཁོ་ནར་ངེས་པའི་དོན་ནོ། །དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དོན་བྱེད་ནུས་མི་ནུས་གཟུང་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་ལའང་སྦྱར་གྱི་ཚད་མར་སོང་ས་སོ་སོར་ངེས་པར་སྟོན་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཚད་མར་སོང་ས་སོ་སོར་ངེས་པ་ལ་བཤད་པར་གཟུང་དུ་དོགས་ནས། དེ་ནི་རང་གཞན་ངོ་བོ་ཡིས། །རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་གཞལ་བྱ་གཉིས་སུ་བཞེད། །ཅེས་བཀོད་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ། ཡུལ་རང་གི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ངོ་བོ་གཟུང་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱས་ནས་འཇལ་བ་དང༌། དེ་ལས་གཞན་པའི་ངོ་བོ་གཟུང་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱས་ནས་འཇལ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོད་པས། གཞལ་བྱ་གཉིས་ཕྱིར་ཞེས་སྨོས་ཀྱི་ཚད་མར་སོང་ས་སོ་སོར་ངེས་པའི་དབང་གིས་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། མངོན་སུམ་ཚད་མས་ཀྱང་སྤྱི་མཚན་དང་རྗེས་དཔག་ཚད་མས་ཀྱང་རང་མཚན་འཇལ་བའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །གཉིས་པ་ནི། བཅོམ་ལྡན་ འདས་ཀྱིས་བཀའ་དང་པོར་ཕྱི་རོལ་དོན་གྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་མཛད་པ་ནི་གཟུང་འཛིན་རྫས་ཐ་དད་བཀག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདག་མེད་རེ་ཞིག་བསྟན་པའི་སྣོད་དུ་མི་རུང་བའི་ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཅན་རྣམས་རྗེས་སུ་བཟུང་བའི་ཕྱིར་གསུངས་པ་ཡིན་ལ། དེ་བ

Chinese

而且,(有人)说,对于现量(mngon sum tshad ma)的所量,以与它相违背的周遍;并且,在“现量转为隐蔽后,没有其他的所量”的时候,也像(有人)说,如果是隐蔽的,就周遍不是自相(rang mtshan)一样;又说“自己的体性是唯一的所量”,这样只说自相是所量;又说,同一个所量,由两个量以认识方式的差别来衡量等,这是怎么回事呢?说所量唯独是自相,不是考虑量的实际所量,因为,从具有证悟的量方面进行研究的一切,如果不新否定某些先前没有否定的自相,就会产生损害; 因为见到从新证悟先前没有证悟的,会产生暂时和究竟的利益,所以才进行破立。而利益和损害也唯独由自相产生,所以才说“自己的体性是唯一的所量”,如果在那之后没有结果,那么对于确定无我也就没有必要了。因为“所量是二”,等等,并不是为了确定地显示现量和比量二者的量所行境是自相和共相二者各自唯一。因为,在全新断除增益时,见到以自相作为执取境来断除和以共相作为执取境来断除这两种,没有见到其他的,所以是确定为唯有二种衡量方式的意思。同样,对于能起作用和不能起作用作为执取境等等,也应当结合(上述道理),并不是为了确定地显示量所行境各自唯一。因为担心被理解为在量所行境各自唯一上进行解说,所以才写道:因为由自他本体,而证悟故,安立所量为二。这是因为,存在着以境自身的不共本体作为执取境来进行衡量,以及以与此相异的本体作为执取境来进行衡量这两种情况。所以才说“所量是二”,但这不是由于量所行境各自确定的缘故,因为现量也衡量共相,并且比量也衡量自相。第二,世尊(bcom ldan 'das)最初说法时,对外部事物进行分类,是为了接引那些不适合作为暂时宣说断除能取所取是异体的法无我的法器,声闻种姓的众生,

English

Moreover, it is said that for the object of valid direct perception (mngon sum tshad ma), it is pervaded by being the opposite of it; and also, at the time of "after direct perception becomes hidden, there is no other object," it is like (someone) saying that if it is hidden, it is pervaded by not being a self-character (rang mtshan); and also saying "one's own nature is the only object," thus only saying that self-character is the object; and also saying that the same object is measured by two valid cognitions through the difference in the way of cognition, etc., what is the matter? Saying that the object is only self-character is not considering the actual object of valid cognition, because all the investigations done from the aspect of valid cognition with realization, if some self-characters that were not previously negated are not newly negated, it will cause harm; because seeing that newly realizing what was not previously realized will produce temporary and ultimate benefits, therefore, refutation and establishment are done. And the benefits and harms are also produced only by self-character, therefore it is said "one's own nature is the only object," if there is no result after that, then there is no need for determining selflessness either. Because "the object is two," etc., it is not to definitively show that the objects of valid cognition of both direct and inferential cognition are only self-character and common character respectively. Because, in completely cutting off new superimpositions, seeing that there are two ways of cutting off by taking self-character as the object of apprehension and by taking common character as the object of apprehension, and not seeing others, therefore it is the meaning of being definite as only two ways of measuring. Similarly, for making the ability to function and the inability to function as the object of apprehension, etc., it should also be combined (with the above reason), it is not to definitively show that the objects of valid cognition are each unique. Because of the fear of being understood as explaining on the uniqueness of each object of valid cognition, it is written: Because of being realized by the nature of self and other, therefore, it is established that the object is two. This is because there are two situations: measuring by taking the uncommon nature of the object itself as the object of apprehension, and measuring by taking the nature different from it as the object of apprehension. Therefore, it is said "the object is two," but this is not due to the reason that the objects of valid cognition are each definite, because direct valid cognition also measures common character, and inferential valid cognition also measures self-character. Second, when the Bhagavan (bcom ldan 'das) first taught, classifying external objects was to guide those sentient beings of the Hearer lineage who were not suitable vessels for temporarily teaching the selflessness of phenomena, which is the negation of the difference in substance between the grasper and the grasped.