Chinese
宣说口诀的恩德上师，宣说秘密心性无生的根本上师，自性之基的上师，清净自心的上师，显现表号的上师，以及补特伽罗传承的上师们。顺便也讲一下弟子的特征。《续部虚空光明》中说： 不具法器的弟子，知识浅薄，话多爱争辩，看人脸色行事，口才好却不守戒律，虚伪狡诈，违背上师的教言，对恩情斤斤计较，看不到功德，却挑剔过失，种姓和血统恶劣，轻视恩德，自我吹嘘，胜义誓言修持不端正，不观察弟子，上师就是敌人。如是说，所以事先观察很重要，所依止的必须是具足法相的上师。《光明续部自生智慧》中说：具有信心的力量和精进，智慧广大且没有执着，慈悲心广大且修持密咒，无分别心中没有散乱，具有誓言且精进修持。如是说，除此之外都不是。如果这样的师徒相结合，就像具有双翼的鸟儿在空中飞翔一样毫不费力，成就菩提也不会那么困难，所以弟子也要依止具足法相的上师，自己也要避免与经论相违的过失。首先要认识到自己的缺点，然后用对治的方法来约束自相续，之后才是以身语意恭敬依止善知识，其中有以意念依止和以行为依止两种方式，前者如《宝积陀罗尼经》所说：信心是先导，如母亲般生起，守护一切功德并使之增长，消除疑惑，从众河流中解脱，信心是安乐城市的象征，信心没有污垢，使心清净，舍弃我慢，是恭敬的根本，信心是财富、宝藏和脚的至上，如手一般是积累善行的根本。如是说，所以对于善知识，不是一般的交往，而是要从内心深处生起不退转的信心，就像常啼菩萨见到法胜菩萨的功德一样。我们由于业力不净，即使对于具相的上师，也会因为不了解他们以四种方式（正直，决定，隐晦，密意）示现各种事业的要点，而将功德和过失混淆。
English
The kind Guru who shows the oral instructions, the root Guru who shows the secret mind essence as unborn, the Guru of the nature base, the Guru of pure self-mind, the Guru of appearance symbols, and the Gurus of the lineage of individuals. In addition, the characteristics of the disciple are also mentioned. In the "Expanse of Clear Light Tantra," it says: A disciple who is not a suitable vessel has little knowledge, is argumentative, and acts according to others' faces. They are eloquent but do not keep vows, are deceitful and cunning, break the Guru's words, argue about kindness, do not see qualities but criticize faults, have bad lineage and bloodline, despise kindness, praise themselves, and practice degenerate samaya. A Guru who does not examine the disciple is an enemy. As it is said, it is important to examine beforehand, and one should rely on a Guru who possesses the characteristics. In the "Clear Light Tantra, Self-Arisen Wisdom," it says: They have great faith and diligence, great wisdom and no attachment, great compassion and practice secret mantras, and their mind is free from distraction in non-conceptual mind. They keep their vows and strive in practice. As it is said, only this is the case, and not otherwise. If such a Guru and disciple are connected, just as a bird with two wings flies effortlessly in the sky, it will not be so difficult to achieve enlightenment. Therefore, the disciple should also rely on a Guru who possesses the characteristics, and one should also avoid faults that contradict the scriptures. First, one must recognize one's own shortcomings, and then restrain one's mindstream with remedies. After that, one should rely on the spiritual friend with body, speech, and mind. Among these, there are two ways of relying: relying with intention and relying with action. The former is as stated in the "Heap of Jewels Dharani": Faith is the forerunner, arising like a mother, protecting all qualities and causing them to increase, dispelling doubts, liberating from all rivers, faith is the symbol of a city of happiness. Faith is without impurity, purifying the mind, abandoning pride, and is the root of respect. Faith is the supreme of wealth, treasure, and feet, and like a hand, it is the root of accumulating virtue. As it is said, one should not have ordinary interactions with the virtuous spiritual friend, but should have unwavering faith from the depths of one's heart, just like the Noble Sadāprarudita saw the qualities of the Bodhisattva Dharmodgata. We, due to impure karma, even for a qualified Guru, will misunderstand the key points of their various activities shown in four ways (straightforward, definitive, hidden, and intentional), and thus perceive a mixture of merits and faults.