English
Gems that do not depend on others originate from high places. The red chalcedony that people speak of is purple. There are also many in front of Yarla Shampo Mountain. If it depends on others, it is not chalcedony. There are five types of conch shells, the most excellent being: Right-spiraling for five consecutive lifetimes. It is named so because the spiral faces the tail of the conch. It is an auspicious treasure and can be exchanged for gold. Although small and few, they are rare in Tibet. Those with stripes are called "Serdong." The natural color is yellowish-brown, slender, and long at the top and bottom. The best right-spiraling one is definitely Serdong. The medium ones, when broken, are good if they have a red luster. There are also those with many horns, called "thorny." Red conch shells are called Red and yellow decrease in order. They are produced in the seas of Marashatis, Kodhara, and Dovarika, etc. These are suitable for decoration and offerings. The types of treasures should be known. The third general meaning is the support for body, speech, and mind. Analyze from the aspects of material, type, and essence. In terms of material, in the holy land, there is the Jihim class. From the two types, three types, and the two types desired, One of them is red gold, there is no dispute. Artificial ones are within the scope of Vishvakarman's use, Made by melting eight kinds of treasures. It is called eight-metal bronze or Nilikhara. White is better than red, purple cannot be compared. When manifesting various mixed differences, The rainbow's radiance appears at the boundary of light and darkness, Symbolizing the face of the teacher Shakyamuni. Purple-red, the color is like liver, with blue grease. Changing the luster through manifestation, from clear to turbid, Other manifestations and realizations will also appear. White and light color, with more yellow grease, Are these two on the mountain of Singha Island, Blessed by six Tathagatas? It is said that the mountain of Li region was blessed by four Munis. Ordinary red copper is a natural tree, The red luster is slightly yellowish. Like this, not distinguishing, thinking that there is only one red gold, Thinking that eyes and color are two is wrong. Analyzing from the aspect of type, as long as the Buddha's Teachings exist, there will be a man Who blesses and transforms with wisdom and craftsmanship, Therefore, the craftsman who creates the support for body, speech, and mind is clever. If heretics prosper, those will decline. At that time, when the teacher lived and existed, The scenery that goes beyond the scope of painters' Use is painted on the canvas,
Chinese
在印度，送去的珍珠藤蔓被证实是真的。同样，还有有形心要的礼物，以及像乌仗那的旃檀觉卧一样的事物。导师释迦牟尼佛涅槃后，天界的工匠化身为人，在金刚座的菩提伽耶，以及为了防止其东侧的水患，龙树菩萨用七块石板，雕刻了能够阻挡水患的景象。同样，龙族的工匠也做了很多。摩揭陀国的妙音文殊，以及无忧王时期建造的八大圣地佛塔等，夜叉的工匠建造的一切，都创造了卓越的工艺和幻觉。在那之后，众多的工匠流派中，佛陀十方毗摩巴萨拉，被称为与天神相似的中央工匠。 在国王ངང་ཚུལ་时期，摩如地区出现了一位名叫སྲི་ག་དྷ་རི་的工匠。他属于与夜叉相似的西方旧派风格。尼泊尔旧派的工匠传承与此相同。在国王ལྷ་སྐྱོང་和ཆོས་སྐྱོང་时期，出现了བ་རེནྟ་རུ་དྷཱི་མཱ་ན་和他的儿子བེ་ཏྭ་ལོ་这两个人。他们属于与龙族相似的工匠传承。儿子去了孟加拉，受其影响，凡是跟随这两人的，无论是工匠的出生地还是工匠的居住地等，无论如何，所有按照这种风格制作的，有见识的人都称之为东方神。尼泊尔的中期和旧期风格也与此相似。然而，绘画者跟随父亲的风格，学习东方绘画，儿子跟随母亲的风格，因此中部绘画的传承得以巩固。那个时期的克什米尔人，工匠传承分为中部和西部两种。后来，精通绘画和雕塑两种技艺的，被称为ཧ་སུ་ར་ཛ་的工匠流派，被学者们称为“喀什米尔”。所有这些，无论是绘画、雕塑还是雕刻等，即使尼泊尔人有智慧，本身就是工匠，但也不能算是阿雅巴拉的幻化工匠，因为他们的作品已经消失在无形之中。因为每个凡夫俗子的意识都非常不同，所以即使研究工艺的变化，即使继承了它的传统，但在藏地，如果有人说自己的经验是真实的，也会被文字的禁令所阻止，这也是佛陀的力量。因此，从本质上讲，它秉承了中部的风格。瓦拉纳西的...
English
In India, the sent pearl vine was confirmed to be true. Similarly, there were gifts of tangible essence, and things like the sandalwood Jowo of Udyana. After the teacher Shakyamuni Buddha passed away, the heavenly craftsmen transformed into humans, and at the Vajra Seat of Bodh Gaya, and in order to prevent the water damage on its east side, Nagarjuna carved images on seven stone slabs that could prevent water damage. Similarly, the craftsmen of the Naga race also did a lot. Manjushri of Magadha, and the stupas of the eight great holy sites built during the time of King Ashoka, etc., everything built by the craftsmen of the Yakshas, created excellent craftsmanship and illusions. After that, among the many schools of craftsmen, Buddha of the ten directions, Vimala Pasara, was known as the central craftsman similar to the gods. During the time of King Ngangtsul, a craftsman named Sri Gadadhari appeared in the Maru region. He belonged to the old western style similar to the Yakshas. The old Nepalese artisan tradition is the same as this. During the time of Kings Lhakyong and Chokyong, Barendra Rudhimana and his son Betalo appeared. They belonged to the artisan tradition similar to the Nagas. The son went to Bengal, and under its influence, whoever followed these two, whether it was the birthplace of the craftsman or the residence of the craftsman, etc., no matter what, all those made in this style were called Eastern Gods by knowledgeable people. The middle and old styles of Nepal are also similar to this. However, the painter followed the style of his father, learning Eastern painting, and the son followed the style of his mother, so the tradition of Central painting was consolidated. The Kashmiris of that time, the artisan tradition was divided into two types, central and western. Later, those who were proficient in both painting and sculpture were called the Hasuraja artisan school, and were known to scholars as "Kashmiri". All of these, whether painting, sculpture, or carving, etc., even if Nepalese people have wisdom and are craftsmen themselves, they cannot be regarded as the emanated craftsmen of Aryapala, because their works have disappeared into the invisible. Because the consciousness of each ordinary person is very different, even if you study the changes in craftsmanship, even if you inherit its tradition, but in Tibet, if someone says that their experience is true, they will be prevented by the prohibition of writing, which is also the power of the Buddha. Therefore, in essence, it adheres to the central style. Varanasi's...
Chinese
神像的差别是：紫红色中央的神像种类相似，像用瞻波迦河的纯金涂抹过一样，材料聚集非常殊胜。对于佛陀的那一方，比教法更加信奉，所以在汉地也派遣了宣说经部的僧人。为了报答蒙古国王的恩情，送去了黄金百人挑等礼物，虽然是真正的ཛྷཻ་ཀྵིཾ་（藏文，梵文天城体，梵文罗马拟音，汉语字面意思）和黄金涂抹的，但那位法王的妃子和大臣，因为对教法虔诚，所以寺庙里供奉着身语意三宝所依。中央神像的其余部分是白铜和红铜，身形匀称，顶髻高而直。鼻尖锐利，从鼻子的走势来看鼻梁倾斜。眉间鼻梁上方汇聚的地方有毫毛凸起。乳房与鼻尖的高度相同。下裙没有遮住身体，但上衣是，倾斜地搭在肩膀上，衣领非常窄。仪轨清净的那些神像面前有金刚座，手脚也有轮相。造型美观，其他的则不一定，但姿态优美，看着就心生欢喜是其特点。莲花双层叠加，里面的部分凸起，莲瓣舒展收缩适中，有无珍珠两种情况都存在。特别是姿态优美，面部轮廓呈方形，身材修长，手脚柔软，脚底厚实，衣褶细致平整，像缓慢行走的裙摆一样。上等两种铜像用金、银、铜等，混合制作的是上部蒙古的铜像。容易混淆，所以区分清楚很重要。红铜唐卡的身躯和下裙两种，用白铜和红铜区分开来制作。释迦牟尼佛像很多，外面是菩萨像，也有威风凛凛、装饰华丽的如意宝。同样，忿怒尊的身体也威风凛凛。前后两种原因是大小乘两种，隐秘和显现的差别很明显。被称为小座的，是金刚座建造的。白铜，头小，脸颊丰满。那也是在瓦拉纳西转法轮的，在摩揭陀国释迦牟尼佛降伏魔众兴盛。属于中央地区的东方神像，额头宽阔，上半身稍微丰满。手指相连，顶髻靠近后背。东方地区的神像以白铜居多，仪轨清净，面容姣好，眉间窄。鼻梁扁平，也是鼻尖稍微高。消瘦，姿态优美，顶髻
English
The difference of the deities is: the purple-red central deities are similar in kind, as if smeared with pure gold from the Jambu River, the gathering of materials is very excellent. Towards the Buddha's side, they are more devoted than the teachings, so they also sent monks who expound the Sutras to the land of China. To repay the kindness of the Mongol king, they sent gifts such as gold carried by a hundred people, although it is real *ཛྷཻ་ཀྵིཾ་* (Tibetan, Devanagari, Romanized Sanskrit, literal Chinese meaning) and smeared with gold, the queen and ministers of that Dharma king, because of their devotion to the Dharma, the monastery is filled with the supports of body, speech, and mind. The rest of the central deities are white copper and red copper, the body is well-proportioned, and the crown is high and straight. The tip of the nose is sharp, and from the direction of the nose, the bridge of the nose is slanted. There is a protruding hair between the eyebrows above the bridge of the nose. The breasts are the same height as the tip of the nose. The lower skirt does not cover the body, but the upper garment does, slanting over the shoulders, and the collar is very narrow. In front of those with pure rituals, there is a vajra seat, and the hands and feet also have wheel marks. The shape is beautiful, and others are not necessarily, but the posture is beautiful, and it is a characteristic that looking at it brings joy. The lotus is stacked in two layers, the inner part protruding, the lotus petals are moderately spread and contracted, and both with and without pearls exist. In particular, the posture is beautiful, the face is square, the figure is slender, the hands and feet are soft, the soles of the feet are thick, the folds of the clothes are delicate and smooth, like the hem of a slow-walking skirt. The two best copper statues are made of gold, silver, copper, etc., mixed together are the copper statues of upper Mongolia. It is easy to confuse, so it is important to distinguish them clearly. The body and lower skirt of the red copper Thangka are made separately with white copper and red copper. There are many statues of Shakyamuni Buddha, and outside are Bodhisattva statues, and there are also wish-fulfilling jewels that are majestic and ornately decorated. Similarly, the body of the wrathful deity is also majestic. The two reasons before and after are the two vehicles of Mahayana and Hinayana, and the difference between hidden and manifest is very clear. What is called the small seat was built by Vajrasana. White copper, small head, full cheeks. That is also where the Dharma wheel is turned in Varanasi, and in Magadha, Shakyamuni Buddha subdued the demons and flourished. Belonging to the eastern deities of the central region, the forehead is wide, and the upper body is slightly plump. The fingers are connected, and the crown is close to the back. The deities of the eastern region are mostly white copper, the rituals are pure, the face is beautiful, and the eyebrows are narrow. The bridge of the nose is flat, and the tip of the nose is also slightly high. Thin, with a beautiful posture, the crown