Chinese
如果说,非刹那的事物也如最后的事物一样,依赖于共同作用而产生结果,那是不对的。因为,就像这里最后的心的刹那,如果不离开共同作用的因缘,就能共同地进行活动一样,非刹那的事物依赖于共同作用也不是进行活动。因为在一切情况下,依赖于共同作用,或者仅仅依靠少许,都可能进行活动。为了清楚地说明这个简要的指示,所以说了“非刹那”。对于非刹那的意义来说,次第和同时是相违背的。所谓“不是次第”,是指对于非刹那的事物来说,次第是不存在的。为什么呢?解释说:如果有什么不依赖于共同作用的事物,那就是停留的,进行时间流逝的活动是不合理的。变成什么样了呢?仅仅是自身存在就成了作者。没有任何事物是依靠其他的自性而成为作者的,因为如果由其他产生结果,那就不合理地变成了其他作者。因此,是依靠自身的存在,以自身的自性而成为事物的作者。如果它在第三天或者第三个刹那能够产生结果的自性,那么在最初的第一天或者第一个刹那也应该存在,因此它会产生与此相关的结果。如果认为在第一个刹那,它没有作者的自性,那么解释说:以前不是作者,以后也不会改变,因为它的自性不会改变,因为不会变成其他的形态。因此,如果以后是作者,那么在第一个刹那也应该是作者。如果认为即使是作者,也是依赖于共同作用而次第地产生结果,那么解释说:如果依赖,那么在驳斥有知的时候,就像已经说过的那样,非刹那的事物是不应该依赖的。如果认为仅仅是产生结果就是同时产生,那么解释说:也不是同时产生,因为它的所谓能力自性,即使在以后也是所谓的……
English
If it is said that non-momentary things, like the last things, depend on acting together to produce results, that is not correct. Because, just as here the last moment of mind, if it does not depart from the cause of acting together, can act together, so too, non-momentary things, even with dependence on acting together, do not act. Because in all cases, depending on acting together, or even just relying on a little, it is possible to act. In order to clearly explain this brief instruction, it is said "non-momentary." For the meaning of non-momentary, sequence and simultaneity are contradictory. The so-called "not in sequence" means that for non-momentary things, sequence does not exist. Why? It is explained: If there is anything that does not depend on acting together, then it is staying, and it is unreasonable to perform the activity of the passage of time. What has it become like? Merely by its own existence, it has become the agent. There is no thing that becomes an agent by the nature of another, because if the result is produced by another, then it unreasonably becomes another agent. Therefore, it is by its own existence, by its own nature, that it becomes the agent of things. If it is the nature that can produce results on the third day or the third moment, then it should also exist on the very first day or the first moment, therefore it will produce results related to this. If it is thought that in the first moment, it does not have the nature of an agent, then it is explained: What was not an agent before will not change later, because its nature will not change, because it will not become another form. Therefore, if it is an agent later, then it should also be an agent in the first moment. If it is thought that even if it is an agent, it depends on acting together and produces results in sequence, then it is explained: If it depends, then in refuting the knower, just as it has already been said, non-momentary things should not depend. If it is thought that merely producing results is producing simultaneously, then it is explained: It is not producing simultaneously either, because its so-called nature of ability, even later is the so-called...
Chinese
因为在第一刹那之后也不做是不合理的。因为事物的那种以何种性质在第一刹那产生结果的性质,在第二刹那也存在,所以会像第一刹那一样,没有不完整地做所有的事情。在第二刹那所做的,做那件事的能力的性质在第一刹那也存在,所以在第一刹那也会产生那个结果。在第一刹那所做的所有事情,在第二刹那也会做,因为有那种性质。因此,像这样事物存在两个刹那也是,次第和同时做事情是不合理的。不是刹那的事物是没有作用能力的。因此,因为从一切事物中能力消失,所以这个不是刹那的事物的意义,是超越存在的自性的,因为不是具有特征的,所以总结说是不存在的。为了总结那个,所以说,能够起作用的是那个事物本身进行辨析,或者,在这个世间以究竟的未造作的自性存在。即使非常努力地否认,也只能否认究竟上起作用的能力,在世俗上也可以进行安立,说事物是存在的,但不是究竟上起作用的能力。因为能够起作用,所以不是刹那的事物是不存在的,因为次第和同时起作用是相违的。因此,像这样次第和同时不存在本身,是作为损害的量而接近显示的。无因的坏灭本身是奠定基础的。或者,蕴、界、处的那种自性,它的所作是成立为无常的。因此,这个也是不确定的,所以没有所说的过失。这样说的是,对于从见到色等之外的,任何存在的异体事物的境,我们并没有显示周遍。应该显示周遍的那些,因为是坏灭的自性,所以在那种因上,仅仅是不确定和随顺。
English
Because it is unreasonable not to do even after the first moment. Because the nature of that thing, by which nature it produces results in the first moment, also exists in the second moment, so it will do everything without being incomplete, just like the first moment. Whatever is done in the second moment, the nature of the ability to do that thing also exists in the first moment, so in the first moment it will also produce that result. All the things that are done in the first moment will also be done in the second moment, because it has that nature. Therefore, it is also unreasonable for things to exist in two moments like this, to do things sequentially and simultaneously. Things that are not momentary do not have the ability to function. Therefore, because the ability disappears from all things, the meaning of this non-momentary thing is beyond the nature of existence, because it is not characterized, so it concludes that it is non-existent. To summarize that, it is said that whatever is able to function is either that thing itself being analyzed, or existing in this world with an ultimate, uncreated nature. Even if one tries very hard to deny it, one can only deny the ability to function ultimately, and one can also establish it conventionally, saying that things exist, but not the ability to function ultimately. Because it is able to function, things that are not momentary are non-existent, because functioning sequentially and simultaneously is contradictory. Therefore, like this, the non-existence of sequential and simultaneous is shown as a damaging measure. The destruction without a cause itself is laying the foundation. Or, the nature of the aggregates, elements, and sources, its actions are established as impermanent. Therefore, this is also uncertain, so there is no fault in what is said. What is said is that, for the object of any existing different entity other than seeing form, etc., we have not shown pervasion. Those that should be shown pervasion, because they are the nature of destruction, on that kind of cause, only uncertainty and following.
Tibetan
་འབྲེལ་པར་མཐོང་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེས་ན་རྣམ་པ་འདིས་ནི་འཇིག་པའི་རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ཉིད་ནི་རྒྱུ་ངེས་པ་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་དུ་བསྟན་པ་ཡིན་ལ། དེ་ལྟར་བསྟན་པས་ཀྱང་རྒྱུ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཇིག་པར་གྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར་གྱི། རིམ་དང་ཅིག་ཅར་འགལ་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཡང་ཇི་ལྟར་ཕུང་པོ་དང་ཁམས་དང་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ཀྱི་མཚན་ཉིད་མི་རྟག་པར་སྒྲུབ་ཅེ་ན། བཤད་པ། དེའི་རང་བཞིན་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཕུང་པོ་དང་ཁམས་དང་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ལ་ནི་ཚད་མ་མེད་པས་མ་གྲུབ་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཏེ་མ་ངེས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བ་སྒྲུབ་པ་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བ་སྟོན་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་མི་འཐད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །ཚད་མ་ངེས་པའི་དངོས་པོ་ལ་བྱས་པའམ་ཡོད་པ་བསྒྲུབ་པར་བྱ་བ་མི་རྟག་པས་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བ་བསྟན་པར་ནུས་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེའི་ཕྱིར་ཚད་མས་མཐོང་བའི་ཕྱུང་པོ་ལྔ་པོ་ཉིད་ལ་གཏན་ཚིགས་བསྒྲུབ་བྱས་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བར་བསྟན་པར་བྱ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། །མ་མཐོང་བའི་རྣམ་པ་འགའ་ཞིག་བརྟགས་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་ནི་རྣམ་པ་དེ་ལྟ་བུ་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་དེ་ལ་ཁྱབ་པ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ་བ་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །འདི་སྙམ་དུ་གལ་ཏེ་བྱས་པ་འམ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ཙམ་འགའ་ཞིག་གཟུང་ན་ནི་དེའི་ཚེ་གྲུབ་པའི་མཐའ་དང་འགལ་ལོ་སྙམ་ན། བཤད་པ། ཁོ་བོ་ཅག་གིས་བྱས་པ་ནི་དེ་ཉིད་ཡིན་ཏེ། ཕུང་པོ་ལྔའི་བདག་ཉིད་གང་ཡིན་པའོ། །དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱིར་བཤད་པ། ཇི་སྐད་དུ་ཆོས་མངོན་པ་ལས་འདུས་བྱས་ཏེ། བྱས་པའི་ཆོས་གང་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན་ཞེས་དྲི་བ་བྱས་ནས་ཕུང་པོ་ལྔའོ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པས་དེ་ཉིད་དུ་ལན་བཏབ་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཕུང་པོ་ལྔ་པོ་དེ་ལ་དབང་པོ་ལྔ་ནིའོ། །འཕོ་བའི་རང་བཞིན་དེ་གང་དག་ལ་ཡོད་པའོ། །ཡང་ཇི་ལྟར་ན་ལྐོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པའི་དབང་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་འཕོ་བ་ཅན་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། བཤད་པ། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་རྣམ་པར་འཆད་པ་དང་རྣམ་པར་འགྱུར་བའོ། །འབྲས་བུ་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལྡོག་པ་ལས་དབང་པོ་དེ་དག་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན་པ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་རྣམ་པར་ཆད་པ་མཐོང་བའི་ཕྱིར་རྒྱུ་ཡང་རྣམ་པར་ཆད་པར་རྗེས་སུ་དཔོག་ལ། གསལ་བ་དང་མི་གསལ་བ་རྣམ་པར་འགྱུར་ བ་མཐོང་བའི་ཕྱིར་ནི་དེ་དག་ཀྱང་རྣམ་པ་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་ཉིད་དུ་རྗེས་སུ་དཔོག་གོ །འདི་ལྟར་རྒྱུ་ལྡོག་པ་འམ་རྣམ་པ་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པར་ནི་འབྲས་བུ་དེ་དག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་གང་བཤད་པ་ནི་རང་བཞིན་དེ་ཉིད་ཡིན་ན་ནི་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་དག་གི་སྔར་གྱི་གནས་སྐབས་རྣམ་པར་འ
Chinese
被认为是相关的。因此,这种方式表明,没有毁灭的因本身就是没有确定原因的特征。这样表明,所有具有原因的事物都将被证明是会毁灭的。但不是通过逐渐或同时相反的力量。另外,如何证明蕴、界、处的特征是无常的呢?回答说:它们的自性不是蕴、界、处的本质,因为没有 प्रमाण(藏文,梵文天城体,梵文罗马拟音,汉语字面意思),所以没有成立,即不确定,因此,证明随行,显示随行是不合理的。对于 प्रमाण(藏文,梵文天城体,梵文罗马拟音,汉语字面意思)确定的事物,能够通过已作或存在来证明随行,因为无常。因此,对于 प्रमाण(藏文,梵文天城体,梵文罗马拟音,汉语字面意思)所见的五个蕴本身,必须证明理由成立,并显示随行。对于未见的某些方面进行考察,因为不是那种方面,所以不应该对它显示周遍。有人认为,如果仅仅抓住已作或存在,那么那时就与已成立的宗义相违背。回答说:我们所说的已作就是那个,即五蕴的自性。因此说道:如《阿毗达磨》中所说:“什么是造作?什么是已作之法?”这样提问后,回答说:“是五蕴。”这样就回答了。对于那五个蕴,五根是。变化的自性存在于哪些事物中呢?另外,如何知道隐蔽的根的自性是变化的呢?回答说:它们的果,即识,是显现和变化的。由于果,即识的消失,那些根存在,同样,因为看到它们的果的断灭,所以可以推断原因也断灭。因为看到清晰和不清晰的变化,所以也可以推断它们也变成其他样子。像这样,如果原因不消失或变成其他样子,就不会变成那些果,所说的就是“如果是那个自性本身”的意思。它们之前的状态完全
English
are seen as related. Therefore, this manner shows that the absence of the cause of destruction is itself the characteristic of having no definite cause. By showing it in this way, it will be proven that all things that have a cause will be destroyed. But not by the power of gradual or simultaneous opposition. Also, how is the characteristic of the aggregates, elements, and sense-bases proven to be impermanent? Answer: Their own nature is not the essence of aggregates, elements, and sense-bases, because there is no प्रमाण (pramāṇa, प्रमाण, pramāṇa, proof), so it is not established, that is, it is uncertain, therefore, proving the concomitance, showing the concomitance is unreasonable. For a thing determined by प्रमाण (pramāṇa, प्रमाण, pramāṇa, proof), it is possible to show the concomitance by what has been done or exists, because it is impermanent. Therefore, for the five aggregates themselves seen by प्रमाण (pramāṇa, प्रमाण, pramāṇa, proof), it is necessary to prove the reason and show the concomitance. For the investigation of some unseen aspects, because it is not that kind of aspect, it is not necessary to show the pervasion for it. Someone thinks, if only what has been done or exists is grasped, then at that time it contradicts the established tenet. Answer: What we say has been done is that itself, that is, the nature of the five aggregates. Therefore it is said: As it is said in the Abhidharma, "What is compounded? What is the dharma that has been done?" After asking this question, the answer is: "It is the five aggregates." This is how it is answered. For those five aggregates, the five faculties are. In what things does the nature of change exist? Also, how is it known that the nature of the hidden faculties is changing? Answer: Their fruit, which is consciousness, is manifestation and change. Because of the cessation of the fruit, which is consciousness, those faculties exist, similarly, because seeing the cessation of their fruit, it can be inferred that the cause also ceases. Because seeing the change of clarity and unclearness, it can also be inferred that they also become different. Like this, if the cause does not cease or become different, it will not become those fruits, what is said is the meaning of "if it is that very nature itself." The previous state of those completely