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DTG140 0002.《A Commentary on the Abhidharmakośa, by Vasubandhu.》A Commentary on the Abhidharmakośa, by Vasubandhu..A Commentary on the Abhidharmakośa, by Vasubandhu..g2.0f

Chinese

那么,正如所说,所谓的众生,比如大象等等,是源于其他人的业力吗?并非仅仅源于其他人的业力,而是哪些众生造作了与此相关的业,那么当它发生时,就仅仅由他们自己的业力所生。那么,转轮王们与其他的国王们只有这一个区别吗?还有其他的区别,即他们具有大丈夫相三十二相,比如如同诸佛一般。对此,佛的相好安住于处所,光明而圆满,因此是殊胜的。诸佛的相好是极其安住于处所,极其光明,极其圆满,所以他们的区别就在于此。还有,最初劫的人们也是与国王一同出现的吗?回答说不是。那么是怎样的呢?如同先前出现的有色众生一般。最初劫的人们就像在色界中行事一样。经中说:他们具有形色,由意所生,具有一切肢体和细部,没有不全的根,不是丑陋的,是美丽的,安住于颜色,具有自身的光芒,在虚空中行走,吃喜悦,以喜悦为食,长寿,长久安住。之后逐渐贪著味道,懒惰地积蓄储存,执著贪恋者们便开始耕田。同样,从那些生起中,生起了具有蜂蜜味道的土地精华,任何具有贪婪本性的众生闻到它的气味,品尝并食用它。之后其他的众生也同样会这样做,这就是开始食用团食。由于他们习惯了那种食物,粗糙和沉重便进入了身体,光芒也消失了。在那之后,黑暗出现,太阳和月亮也出现了。那些贪著味道的人们,土地的精华也逐渐消失,出现了一种地皮。他们又贪著于此,地皮也消失了,出现了一种藤蔓丛。他们又贪著于此,藤蔓丛也消失了,出现了一种无需耕种播种的稻米。

English

So, as it is said, do beings, such as elephants and so on, arise from the karma of others? They do not arise solely from the karma of others, but those beings who have created karma related to this, then when it occurs, it is produced solely by their own karma. So, do the wheel-turning kings have only this one distinction from other kings? There are other distinctions, namely that they possess the thirty-two marks of a great being, like the Buddhas. In this regard, the marks of the Buddha abide in their place, are radiant and complete, and are therefore superior. The marks of the Buddhas are extremely abiding in their place, extremely radiant, and extremely complete, so their distinction lies in this. Also, did the people of the first kalpa also appear with kings? It is said no. Then what were they like? Like the previously appearing beings with form. The people of the first kalpa were like acting in the realm of form. The sutra says: They possess form, are born from mind, possess all limbs and details, have no incomplete faculties, are not ugly, are beautiful, abide in color, possess their own light, travel in the sky, eat joy, eat joy as food, are long-lived, and abide for a long time. Then gradually they became attached to taste, lazily accumulating and storing, and those with attachment and clinging began to cultivate fields. Similarly, from those arising, there arose an essence of earth with the taste of honey, and any being with a greedy nature smelled its scent, tasted and ate it. Then other beings would do the same, and this was the beginning of eating lump food. Because they were accustomed to that food, roughness and heaviness entered the body, and the light disappeared. After that, darkness appeared, and the sun and moon also appeared. From those who were attached to taste, the essence of the earth gradually disappeared, and a kind of earth crust appeared. They became attached to this, and the earth crust disappeared, and a kind of vine thicket appeared. They became attached to this, and the vine thicket disappeared, and a kind of uncultivated and unsown rice appeared.

Chinese

吃了那些之后,因为那些是最粗糙的,为了使因缘和合,众生的尿液和粪便的通道以及男女的性器官等,形状各异也出现了。那些互相看见,由于以前习惯的影响,不如理作意,变成了鳄鱼吞噬的食物,贪欲大增,从此开始邪淫。贪欲者的贪欲生起的恶魔所夸耀的行为就是这样。还有,那些稻米,白天该吃的白天取,晚上该吃的晚上取。还有,任何一个具有懒惰本性的众生开始储藏,其他众生也开始储藏。那些对它产生了我执,稻米收割了又收割,也不再生长了。之后,田地被分割,那块地我完全占有,开始抢夺别人的田地,盗窃的开始就是这样。那些为了阻止那些,聚集起来,为了守护田地,指定了任何一个特殊的人,给予六分之一的报酬。那个人就成了田地的首领,名叫国王种姓的国王。民众的大部分都尊敬他,使众生也高兴,因此有了名为“国王被很多人尊敬”的名称。国王一代一代相传的开始就是这样。那些从家庭中将心转向外的人,就有了名为婆罗门的名称。之后,任何一个国王因为贪恋,没有给众生分配,盗贼增多,开始用武器惩罚那些盗贼。之后,其他人说:我们也未曾做过那样的事啊,就开始说谎了。之后,业的道路增多,寿命缩短为十年。那时,像那样业的道路增长,人们的寿命逐渐缩短,最终人的寿命会变成十年。因此,这个衰败的河流,一切的根本生处就是两种法:对味道的贪执和懒惰。人们的寿命到十岁为止的劫数完结了。

English

After eating those, because those were the coarsest, in order to make causes and conditions come together, the urine and feces passages of sentient beings, as well as the male and female sexual organs, etc., different shapes also appeared. Those who saw each other, due to the influence of previous habits, improperly conceived, became food devoured by crocodiles, and greatly increased their desire, and from then on began to engage in sexual misconduct. The actions boasted by the demons arising from the desires of the greedy are like this. Also, those rice grains, those that should be eaten during the day were taken during the day, and those that should be eaten at night were taken at night. Also, any sentient being with a lazy nature began to store, and other sentient beings also began to store. Those developed attachment to it, and the rice was harvested again and again, and it no longer grew. After that, the fields were divided, and I completely occupied that piece of land, and began to seize other people's fields, and the beginning of theft was like this. Those, in order to prevent those, gathered together, and in order to protect the fields, designated any special person, giving one-sixth of the reward. That person became the leader of the fields, called the king of the royal lineage. Most of the people respected him, and made the beings happy, so there was a name called "the king is respected by many people." The beginning of the transmission of kings from one generation to another was like this. Those who turned their minds outward from their families had the name Brahmin. After that, any king, because of greed, did not distribute to the beings, and thieves increased, and they began to punish those thieves with weapons. After that, others said, "We have never done such a thing," and began to lie. After that, the path of karma increased, and life was shortened to ten years. At that time, as the path of karma increased like that, people's lives gradually shortened, and eventually human life would become ten years. Therefore, this river of decline, the root source of everything, is two dharmas: attachment to taste and laziness. The kalpa of people's lives up to the age of ten is completed.

Tibetan

་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཇི་ལྟར་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། བསྐལ་པ་མཚོན་དང་ནད་དང་ནི། །མུ་གེ་དག་གིས་ཚར་ཕྱིན་ཏོ། །བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ་ནི་མཚོན་དང༌། ནད་དང༌། མུ་གེ་དང་གསུམ་གྱིས་ཚར་ཕྱིན་ཏོ། །བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ་ཚར་ཕྱིན་པའི་ཚེ་མི་རྣམས་ཚེ་ལོ་བཅུ་པ་དང༌། ཆོས་མ་ཡིན་པ་ལ་འདོད་ཆགས་ཀྱིས་ཆགས་པ་དང༌། ཡ་ང་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པས་ཟིལ་གྱིས་ནོན་པ་དང༌། ལོག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱིས་ཀུན་ནས་དཀྲིས་པར་འགྱུར་རོ། །དེ་དག་གིས་གནོད་སེམས་ཡོངས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་ན་སེམས་ཅན་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་མཐོང་ན་དཔེར་ན་ད་ལྟར་རི་དགས་ཀྱི་རྔོན་པས་དགོན་པའི་རི་དགས་མཐོང་བ་བཞིན་དུ་གནོད་པ་མི་བཟང་པའི་སེམས་གནོད་པའི་སེམས་ཉེ་བར་གནས་པར་འགྱུར་ལ། དེ་དག་གིས་ཤིང་ངམ་ཐོང་བ་ཡང་རུང་གང་དང་གང་བླངས་པ་དེ་དག་གི་མཚོན་ཆ་རྣོན་པོ་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར་ཞིང་དེ་དག་གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་སྲོག་གཅོད་པར་བྱེད་དོ། །ཡང་མི་ཚེ་ལོ་བཅུ་བ་རྣམས་ལ་བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ་ཚར་ཕྱིན་པའི་ཚེ་ཉེས་པ་དག་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་མི་མ་ཡིན་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཡམས་ཀྱི་ནད་དག་གཏོང་བར་བྱེད་དོ། །དེ་དག་ལ་གང་ལས་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར་ཞིང་གསོར་མི་རུང་བའི་ནད་དག་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར་རོ། །ཡང་མི་ཚེ་ལོ་བཅུ་པ་རྣམས་ལ་ཉེས་པ་དག་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ལྷས་ཆར་པ་མི་འབེབས་ཏེ། དེས་ན་མུ་གེ་གབ་ཙེ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ དང། རུས་གོང་དཀར་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་དང༌། ཐུར་མས་འཚོ་བ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་མུ་གེ་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར་རོ། །ཇི་ལྟར་གབ་ཙེ་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། རྒྱུ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེང་སང་འདུ་བ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་ནི་དེའི་ཚེ་གབ་ཙེ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ། གབ་ཚེ་ལ་ཡང་གབ་ཚེ་ཞེས་བྱ་སྟེ། བཀྲེས་པ་དང༌། ཉམ་ཆུང་བས་བཀྲེས་པའི་མི་དག་འདུ་ཞིང་འདུས་ནས་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང༌། མ་འོངས་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ལ་ཕན་གདགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་གབ་ཙེ་དག་གི་ནང་དུ་ས་བོན་དག་འཇོག་པར་བྱེད་དེ། དེའི་ཕྱིར་མུ་གེ་དེ་ནི་གབ་ཚེ་ཞེས་བྱའོ། ཇི་ལྟར་ན་རུས་གོང་དཀར་པོ་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། རྒྱུ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡིན་ཏེ། ལུས་སྐམས་ཤིང་རྩུབ་པོ་དེ་དག་ཤི་བ་དང་མྱུར་བ་ཁོ་ན་རུས་པ་དཀར་པོར་གྱུར་པ་དང༌། བཀྲེས་པས་ཉེན་པ་དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རུས་གོང་དཀར་པོ་དེ་དག་བསྡུས་ཏེ་བསྐོལ་ནས་འཐུང་བར་བྱེད་པའོ། །ཇི་ལྟར་ན་ཐུར་མས་འཚོ་བ་ཡིན་ཞེ་ན། རྒྱུ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡིན་ཏེ། སེམས་ཅན་དེ་དག་ཐུར་མས་བསྒོ་བས་ཁྱིམ་དག་ཏུ་དེ་རིང་ནི་ཁྱིམ་བདག་ཟ་བའི་རེས་ལ་བབ་བོ། །སང་ནི་ཁྱིམ་བདག་མོ་ཞེས་བྱ་དེ་ལྟ་བུ་ལ་སོགས་པས་ཟས་འགྱེད་པར་བྱེད་པ་དང༌། འབྲུའི་གནས་ཀྱི་གསེབ་དག་ནས་འབྲུ་དག་ཐུར

Chinese

是这样的。 怎么样呢? 劫末的刀兵、疾病和饥荒都结束了。 中劫是由刀兵、疾病和饥荒这三种灾难结束的。 中劫结束的时候,人们寿命十岁,贪恋非正法,被可怖的事物所征服,被邪法所缠绕。 当这些产生极大的害心时,众生互相看见,就像现在猎人看见寂静处的鹿一样,有害的、不善良的心,害心就会生起。 他们拿起木头或棍棒,无论拿起什么,都会变成锋利的武器,他们会互相残杀。 还有,当人们寿命十岁时,中劫结束的时候,由于罪恶,非人会降下瘟疫。 他们会因此而死亡,出现无法治愈的疾病。 还有,当人们寿命十岁时,由于罪恶,天神不会降雨。 因此,会出现名为“隐藏”的饥荒, 以及名为“白骨堆”的饥荒,以及名为“用勺子活命”的饥荒。 怎么样是“隐藏”呢? 有两个原因:现在聚集的地方,那时被称为“隐藏”。 隐藏中也有隐藏,因为饥饿和虚弱,饥饿的人们聚集在一起,聚集后死亡。 为了利益未来的众生,他们会将种子放在隐藏的地方,因此,那个饥荒被称为“隐藏”。 怎么样是“白骨堆”呢? 有两个原因:身体干枯粗糙,死亡迅速,骨头变成白色。 被饥饿所困扰的人们,会将那些白骨堆收集起来煮着喝。 怎么样是“用勺子活命”呢? 有两个原因:那些众生被勺子驱使,在各个家庭中,今天轮到户主吃饭了。 明天轮到女户主,像这样分发食物。 从谷仓的缝隙中,用勺子

English

It is like this. How is it? The kalpa ends with weapons, disease, and famine. The intermediate kalpa ends with the three: weapons, disease, and famine. When the intermediate kalpa ends, people will have a lifespan of ten years, be attached to non-dharma, be overwhelmed by terrifying things, and be completely entangled by evil doctrines. When these generate great malice, beings will see each other, just as now a hunter sees a deer in a secluded place, a harmful, unkind mind, a harmful mind will arise. They will take up wood or sticks, whatever they take up will become sharp weapons, and they will kill each other. Also, when people have a lifespan of ten years, when the intermediate kalpa ends, due to sins, non-humans will send plagues of disease. They will die from this, and incurable diseases will arise. Also, when people have a lifespan of ten years, due to sins, the gods will not send rain. Therefore, there will be a famine called "hidden," as well as a famine called "white bone heap," and a famine called "living by the spoon." How is it "hidden"? There are two reasons: the place where they gather now, at that time it is called "hidden." There is also hidden within hidden, because of hunger and weakness, hungry people gather together, and after gathering, they die. In order to benefit future beings, they will put seeds in hidden places, therefore, that famine is called "hidden." How is it "white bone heap"? There are two reasons: the body is dry and rough, death is quick, and the bones turn white. People afflicted by hunger will collect those white bone heaps and boil them to drink. How is it "living by the spoon"? There are two reasons: those beings are driven by the spoon, in various households, today it is the householder's turn to eat. Tomorrow it is the householder's wife, and they distribute food like that. From the gaps in the granary, with a spoon