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DTG115 0001.Explanation of the First Division of Dependent Arising..g2.0f

Chinese

那么,什么是“触”呢?经部中说,三者聚合就是触。这只是说明了因,而不是它的自性。触是指从心生起的其他法,一切从心生起的法都依赖于它而产生。正如《提问十事经》中所说:“受蕴、想蕴、行蕴,所有这些都依赖于触。”它就像受等一样,不能完全被意识所确定。那么,如何才能相信这一点呢?要相信可靠的教证。可靠的教证有三种:现量之义、可比量之义和可信之义。其中两种,即现量和比量,应该通过它们本身来相信,即与它们不相违背的。对于可信之义,也应该相信。非乐非苦的感受也不能完全脱离识,虽然自己的宗派不能理解这一点,但因为说了三种感受。因为如果第四禅和无色界没有感受,那就太过分了。眼等最初的差别,以及无明,也不能完全确定自己的体性。即使是不能确定的自性,也要从三者聚合产生触,从而通过可靠的教证来理解存在从心生起的其他法。那么,其他经部中说:“哪三种法相遇、集合、聚集,那就是触”,这又该如何理解呢?这是将果安立于因上,例如“圣者见即安乐”,以及“梵行之垢是女人”等等。世间也说“火是快乐的”,“火是痛苦的”等等。像这样将果安立于因上,但三者聚合本身不是触,这又该如何相信呢?如果说世间说相遇就是触,那么,这暂时是指由六处所引起的触。

English

So, what is called "contact"? It is said in other sutras that contact is the union of three. This is only showing the cause, not its own nature. Contact refers to other dharmas arising from the mind, and all dharmas arising from the mind depend on it to arise. As it is said in the Sutra of Ten Questions, "The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, and the aggregate of formation, all of these depend on contact." It, like feeling and so on, cannot be completely determined by consciousness. So, how can one believe this? One must believe in reliable scriptures. There are three types of reliable scriptures: the meaning of direct perception, the meaning to be inferred, and the meaning to be believed. Two of these, namely direct perception and inference, should be believed through themselves, that is, those that are not contradictory to them. The meaning to be believed should also be believed. Feeling that is neither pleasant nor painful cannot be completely separated from consciousness either, although one's own school cannot understand this, but because it is said that there are three feelings. Because if there is no feeling in the fourth dhyana and the formless realm, it would be too much. The initial distinctions of the eye and so on, and ignorance, also cannot completely determine their own nature. Even if it is a nature that cannot be determined, one must understand from the union of three that contact arises, thereby understanding through reliable scriptures that there are other dharmas arising from the mind. So, how should one understand when other sutras say, "Which three dharmas meet, gather, and assemble, that is contact"? This is establishing the result on the cause, for example, "Seeing the noble ones is happiness," and "The defilement of pure conduct is women," and so on. In the world, it is also said, "Fire is happiness," "Fire is suffering," and so on. Like this, establishing the result on the cause, but how can one believe that the union of three itself is not contact? If it is said that in the world, meeting is called contact, then this temporarily refers to contact caused by the six sense sources.

Chinese

这与幼小的经典相违背,因为六处包含在三者之中,并且心所生的触也成了不合理的,三者聚合也不是心所生的法触。如果说触是推测,就像询问一样,那么这样就成了不具备,而这样的观点也不是任何部派的宗义。如果问尊者法衣和这部经典中说了什么名称?回答是:感受、认识、心、触和作意。六个分类中的六个分类,六个分类是在不同的种类上进行区分的,三者聚合本身不是触。这应该如何确定?如果仅仅是六处的因才是触,那么就会舍弃其他经典中出现的“三者聚合是触”的说法,同样也会舍弃“依靠这两者而有触”的说法。如果仅仅是触以六处为因,那么就会舍弃其他经典中出现的“依靠二者而生起识”的说法。如果两者都是确定的,那么就只有两者的过失。如果是不确定的,那么所说就没有意义了。如果说没有意义,那也不是没有意义,因为是由主要的因决定的。主要的因是六处,因为是共同和不共同的,就像前面一样,因为如果它存在,那么境和识两者也必定存在。因此,从这里通过眼等门显示触,而不是通过色等显示,就像鼓声一样。《遮障经》中说依靠这两者而有触,因为通过所依和所缘的不同,详细地显示了触的不同。与识一起的身体在那里显示了内在的处,说了身体就等于说了全部五种。就像这样,显示依靠它的感受是身体的感受一样。外面的名和色是外在的,因为正是这两者详细地显示了差别。其中说到触的生处。

English

This contradicts the minor scriptures, because the six sources are included in the three, and the touch arising from the mind also becomes unreasonable, and the aggregation of the three is also not a mental dharma of touch. If it is said that touch is speculation, like asking a question, then in this way it becomes non-existent, and such a view is not the tenet of any school. If you ask what names are mentioned in the Sutra of the Garment-Wearers and this very scripture, the answer is: feeling, perception, mind, touch, and attention. Among the six categories, the six categories are distinguished on different types. The aggregation of the three itself is not touch. How should this be determined? If touch is only caused by the six sources, then the statement in other scriptures that 'the aggregation of the three is touch' will be abandoned, and similarly, the statement that 'touch arises in dependence on these two' will be abandoned. If touch is only caused by the six sources, then the statement in other scriptures that 'consciousness arises in dependence on the two' will be abandoned. If both are definite, then there will only be the faults of both. If it is indefinite, then the statement will be meaningless. If it is said that it is meaningless, it is not meaningless, because it is determined by the main cause. The main cause is the six sources, because it is common and uncommon, just like before, because if it exists, then the object and consciousness must also exist. Therefore, from here, touch is shown through the gates of the eye, etc., and not through form, etc., like the sound of a drum. The Obscuration Sutra says that touch exists in dependence on these two, because it elaborately shows the difference of touch through the difference of the basis and the object. The body together with consciousness shows the inner source there, and saying the body is the same as saying all five. Just like this, it shows that the feeling that depends on it is the feeling of the body. The external name and form are external, because it is precisely these two that elaborately show the difference. It speaks of the birthplace of touch.

Tibetan

་དྲུག་པོ་འདི་དག་གང་གིས་རེག་པའི་ བྱིས་པ་ཐོས་པ་དང་མི་ལྡན་པའི་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་དག་བདེ་བ་དང༌། སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོ་སོར་མྱོང་བར་འགྱུར་རོ་ཞེས་འབྱུང་ན། སྐྱེ་མཆེད་དྲུག་དང་གཉིས་དང་རེག་པའི་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་གསུམ་ལ་བྱེ་བྲག་ཅི་ཡོད་ཅེ་ན། བྱེ་བྲག་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་དེ་དགོངས་པ་གང་གིས་བཤད་པ་དེ་དག་བདག་གིས་སྨྲས་ཟིན་ཏོ།། མིང་དང་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སྐབས་ན་རེག་པའམ་ཚོར་བ་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནམ། ཅི་གང་གི་ཕྱིར་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་དྲུག་གི་འོག་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གཞག་ཅེ་ན། མེད་པ་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཇི་ལྟར་ལུས་དང་ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་གཉིས་དེའི་ཚེ་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཡན་ལག་གཞན་དུ་རྣམ་པར་མ་གཞག་པ་ལྟར་རེག་པ་དང༌། ཚོར་བ་ཡང་དེ་བཞིན་ནོ། །གལ་ཏེ་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་དྲུག་གི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རེག་པ་ཡིན་ན། རྒྱུ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ལས་ཅིའི་ཕྱིར་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་རྐྱེན་དུ་གསུངས་ཤེ་ན། དེར་ནི་ཐོགས་པ་དང་ཚིག་བླ་དགས་འདུས་ཏེ་རེག་པ་གཉིས་བརྗོད་པར་བཞེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དེ་ལས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་རྐྱེན་ཉིད་ཡིན་པ་ཡང་བསྟན་ཟིན་ཏེ། མིག་གི་འདུས་ཏེ་རེག་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་གསུངས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །འོན་ཏེ་ཡང་གསུམ་འདུས་པ་ལས་རེག་པ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ན་འདུས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་དེ་ཅི་ཡིན། ཚོགས་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེ་ན་ཡང་ཇི་ལྟར་དེ་དག་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན། གལ་ཏེ་ལྷན་ཅིག་འབྱུང་བའི་ཕྱིར་རོ་ཞེ་ན་ནི། དབང་པོ་དང་དོན་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་རྒྱུ་མ་ཡིན་པར་འགྱུར་ཏེ། རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་སྐྱེས་ཟིན་ན་ནི་དེ་གཉིས་ནུས་པ་དང་མི་ལྡན་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །མ་སྐྱེས་པ་ཡིན་ན་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་རྒྱུ་ཉིད་ཡིན་ན་ཡང༌། གཉིས་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་སྐྱེའོ་ཞེས་འབྱུང་བའི་མདོ་སྡེ་དང་གཉིས་ཀ་ཡང་འགལ་བར་འགྱུར་རོ། །དྲུག་པའི་གསུམ་ཡང་དུས་ཐ་དད་པ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཇི་ལྟར་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན། ཚོགས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་འཇུག་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། །འོན་ཏེ་སྔར་སྐྱེས་པའི་དབང་པོ་དང་དོན་གཉིས་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་ཚེ་གནས་པའི་ཕྱིར་གསུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེ་ན། དེ་ལྟ་ཡིན་ན་དབང་པོ་དང་དོན་གཉིས་སྐད་ཅིག་མ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉིད་དུ་ཐལ་བར་འགྱུར་རོ། །དྲུག་པ་གསུམ་ལ་ཡང་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་གཉིས་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་པར་འགྱུར་རོ། །རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུའི་དངོས་པོར་གསུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེ་ན་ཡང༌། ལྔའི་གསུམ་དག་ལྷན་ ཅིག་ཏུ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཕྱིར་དབང་པོ་དང་དོན་དང༌། རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་རྣམས་རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུའི་དངོས་པོར་མི་རིགས་ཏེ་སྔ་མ་བཞིན

Chinese

如果说,凡是接触这六处的 不具闻慧的孩童和凡夫俗子,都会各自感受快乐和痛苦。那么,六处与二者以及触的三处有什么区别呢?没有什么区别,我已经说完了您所说的那些意图。在名色阶段,难道没有触或受吗?为什么要在六处之下进行安立呢?不是没有。正如身和意的二处,在那时是圆满的,所以没有在其他支分中进行安立一样,触和受也是如此。如果触是六处的因缘,那么为什么在大因缘法门中说名色是因缘呢?在那里,因为执著和赘词的集合,所以想要表达两种触。由此也显示了处是因缘,因为说了眼和合触等。然而,如果又说从三者聚合产生触,那么聚合是什么意思呢?如果说是集合,那么它们是如何集合的呢?如果说是同时产生,那么,根和境就不再是识的因,因为如果识已经产生,那么二者就不再具有能力。如果还没有产生,那么也是不存在的。如果一个是另一个的因,那么,依赖二者而产生识的经部,也会与二者相违。第六个三者也是时间不同的,所以如何集合呢?集合的意思是同时进入。然而,如果说先前产生的根和境,在识产生时存在,所以是三者集合,那么,这样一来,根和境二者就成了非刹那性的了。对于第六个三者来说,也会变成两个识同时集合。如果说是因果的事物三者集合,那么,五者的三者同时 产生,根、境和识就不可能是因果的事物,如同先前一样。

English

If it is said that children and ordinary people who do not have learning and wisdom, who are touched by these six places, will each experience happiness and suffering separately. Then, what is the difference between the six places and the two, and the three places of contact? There is no difference, I have already said those intentions that you have spoken of. In the stage of name and form, is there no contact or feeling? Why is it established under the six places? It is not that there is none. Just as the two places of body and mind are complete at that time, so they are not established in other limbs, so are contact and feeling. If contact is caused by the six places, then why is name and form said to be the cause in the Great Cause Dharma? There, because of the collection of attachment and redundant words, it is intended to express two kinds of contact. From this, it is also shown that the place is the cause, because it is said that the eye and the combined contact and so on. However, if it is said that contact arises from the combination of three, then what does combination mean? If it is said to be a collection, then how do they collect? If it is said to arise simultaneously, then the root and the object will no longer be the cause of consciousness, because if consciousness has already arisen, then the two will no longer have the ability. If it has not yet arisen, then it is also non-existent. If one is the cause of the other, then the Sutra that says that consciousness arises depending on the two will also contradict the two. The sixth three are also different in time, so how can they be assembled? The meaning of assembly is to enter simultaneously. However, if it is said that the root and the object that were previously produced exist at the time of the production of consciousness, so it is a collection of three, then, in this case, the root and the object will become non-momentary. For the sixth three, it will also become two consciousnesses assembled simultaneously. If it is said that the three things of cause and effect are assembled, then the three of the five arise simultaneously, the root, the object, and consciousness cannot be the things of cause and effect, just as before.