Chinese
应与“哦”字连用。何为“何者”?即是某些事物。何为“无论何处”?即无论何时、无论何地。何为“生”?即出生、产生、显现。 “何时”一词的意思是,也有几次的意思。 “非有”的意思是,不是存在。因为以那四种次第也不应许事物产生,所以说了遣除非有灭等不相符之品的词语。 此处说:你以何种四种次第来分析事物不生,以何道理能知晓如何不应理? 此处说: 事物之自性,于缘等非有。 自之事物若非有,他之事物亦非有。 “事物之”的意思是诸法之。 “自性”的意思是,自己的事物是自性,是“自身之事物”的同义词。 “缘等”的意思是,于因等之同义词。说“等”字是为了总摄其他外道所说的所有缘。 “非有”的意思是,先舍弃因的显示,是否定的意思,即“不是有”。 “自之事物”的意思是“自身之事物”的同义词。 “若非有”的意思是“如果不是有”的意思。 “他之事物”的意思是,其他的体性是他之事物,是“非自身之事物”的同义词。 “非有”的意思是“不是有”的意思。 因为事物之自性于缘等不是有,所以事物不应从自产生。 因为自之事物不是有,他之事物不是有,所以事物不应从他产生。 因为自之事物和他之事物不是有,所以事物不应从二者产生。 无因是完全的断灭,事物更不应从那产生。 此处法相论者说:
English
It should be used in conjunction with the word "O". What is "whatsoever"? It is some things. What is "wherever"? It is whenever and wherever. What is "birth"? It is being born, arising, and manifesting. The word "whenever" means also "several times". "Non-existent" means that it is not existent. Because things should not arise even with those four sequences, therefore, words that eliminate incompatible aspects such as non-cessation are spoken. Here it is said: By which four sequences do you analyze that things do not arise, and by what reason can you know how it is unreasonable? Here it is said: The nature of things, is not in conditions, etc. If one's own thing is not, then another's thing is also not. "Of things" means of dharmas. "Nature" means that one's own thing is nature, which is synonymous with "one's own thing." "Conditions, etc." means the same as causes, etc. The word "etc." is spoken to include all the conditions taught by other non-Buddhists. "Non-existent" means that the indication of the cause is first abandoned, and it is a negative meaning, that is, "it is not existent." "One's own thing" means the same as "one's own thing." "If it is not" means "if it is not." "Another's thing" means that the nature of another is another's thing, which is synonymous with "not one's own thing." "Non-existent" means "it is not existent." Because the nature of things is not in conditions, etc., therefore, things should not arise from themselves. Because one's own thing is not, and another's thing is not, therefore, things should not arise from others. Because one's own thing and another's thing are not, therefore, things should not arise from both. Having no cause is complete annihilation, and things should not arise from that either. Here, the Dharmalakshana theorists say:
Chinese
已说。缘有四种,即因和,所缘和,等无间,以及增上缘也是这样,第五种缘是不存在的。善加作者所著的各种名目,以及依靠它们所说的各种缘,所有这些都包含在这四种缘中,所以第五种缘是不存在的。包含在哪四种缘中呢?因缘是以产生之义。所缘缘是以所依之义。等无间缘是以无间断之义。增上缘是以作主之义。这四种缘诠释了诸法的作业、生起和产生,以及因的各种名目。此处说:作业不与缘相合,不与缘相离没有作业,不与作业相合不是缘,与作业相合还是不相合呢?你们的这四种缘所诠释的诸法作业,是与缘相合呢,还是与缘不相合呢?如果是那样,无论存在与否,都不需要缘,所以是不存在的。缘是与作业相合还是与作业不相合呢?它们无论存在与否,都没有作业,如同作业一样,如同烧毁和未烧毁一样,因此,说这四种缘诠释了诸法的作业,是没有道理的。又,因为依靠这些而生起,所以这些被称为缘。因为依靠这些,诸法才生起,所以说这些是缘,因此要进行辩驳:只要不生起,这些怎么不是缘呢?只要事物不生起,这些怎么不会变成不是缘呢?如同损坏和未损坏一样。又,对于不存在或存在的事物来说,缘是不合适的,如果缘是不存在的或存在的,那么无论哪种情况都不合理,如同未生和已生一样。为什么呢?解释说:如果不存在,会成为什么的缘呢?如果存在,缘又有什么用呢?如同盲人或全知者一样。此处说:诸缘
English
It has been said. There are four types of conditions: namely, the cause and, the object and, the immediately preceding, and the dominant condition as well. The fifth condition does not exist. All the various names made by the good authors, and all the various conditions spoken of as relying on them, are all included in these four conditions, so the fifth condition does not exist. In which four conditions are they included? The causal condition is in the sense of producing. The objective condition is in the sense of reliance. The immediately preceding condition is in the sense of uninterruptedness. The dominant condition is in the sense of mastery. These four conditions explain the actions, arising, and production of phenomena, as well as the various names of causes. Here it is said: Action is not in conjunction with conditions, without conditions there is no action, not in conjunction with action is not a condition, in conjunction with action or not? These four conditions of yours that explain the actions of phenomena, are they in conjunction with conditions, or not in conjunction with conditions? If that is the case, whether existent or nonexistent, there is no need for conditions, so it is nonexistent. Are the conditions in conjunction with action or not in conjunction with action? Whether existent or nonexistent, they have no action, just like action, just like burned and unburned, therefore, saying that these four conditions explain the actions of phenomena is not reasonable. Also, because they arise in dependence on these, therefore these are called conditions. Because phenomena arise in dependence on these, therefore it is said that these are conditions, therefore it should be refuted: As long as they do not arise, how are these not conditions? As long as things do not arise, how will these not become not conditions? Just like damaged and undamaged. Also, for nonexistent or existent things, conditions are not suitable, if conditions are nonexistent or existent, then neither case is reasonable, just like unborn and born. Why? It is explained: If nonexistent, what would it become the condition of? If existent, what use are conditions? Just like a blind person or an omniscient one. Here it is said: The conditions
Tibetan
་སྤྱིར་དགག་པ་ནི་བྱས་ན། དེ་དག་རེ་རེ་ནས་ཇི་ལྟར་དགག་པར་བྱ། འདིར་བཤད་པ། གང་ཚེ་ཆོས་ནི་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། །མེད་དང་ཡོད་མེད་མི་འགྲུབ་པ། །ཇི་ལྟ་བསྒྲུབ་བྱེད་རྒྱུ་ཞེས་བྱ། །དེ་ལྟ་ཡིན་ན་མི་རིགས་སོ། །འདི་ལ་ཆོས་གང་རྒྱུས་སྒྲུབ་པར་གྱུར་ན་དེ་ཡོད་པའམ་མེད་པའམ་ཡོད་མེད་གཅིག་སྒྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར་གྲང་ན། དེ་ལ་གང་གི་ཚེ་ཡོད་པ་ཡང་སྒྲུབ་པར་མི་བྱེད། མེད་པ་ཡང་སྒྲུབ་པར་མི་བྱེད། ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱང་སྒྲུབ་པར་མི་བྱེད་བ་དེའི་ཚེ་ཇི་ལྟར་སྒྲུབ་པར་བྱེད་པ་རྒྱུ་ཞེས་བྱ་སྟེ། དེ་ལྟ་ཡིན་ན་མི་རིགས་སོ། །དེ་ལྟར་རེ་ཞིག་རྒྱུ་བཀག་ཟིན་ཏོ། །དམིགས་པ་ཇི་ལྟར་དགག་ཅེ་ན། བཤད་པ། ཡོད་པའི་ཆོས་འདི་དམིགས་པ་ནི། །མེད་པ་ཁོ་ནར་ཉེ་བར་བསྟན། །དེ་ལྟར་ཆོས་འདི་དམིགས་མེད་ན། །དམིགས་པ་ཡོད་པར་ག་ལ་འགྱུར། །བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ལས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་བརྒྱད་ཁྲི་བཞི་སྟོང་དག་ཏུ་ཆོས་གང་བསྟན་པ་དེ་ནི་རོ་གཅིག་པ་དམིགས་པ་མེད་པ་ཁོ་ན་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་བཀའ་སྩལ་ཏེ། དེ་ལྟར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་པ་མེད་པར་བསྟན་པ་དེ་ལ་ཅིའི་ཕྱིར་དམིགས་པ་ཡོད་པར་སྟོན། དམིགས་པ་དེ་ནི་མི་འཐད་དེ་ནམ་མཁའ་བཞིན་ནོ། །དེ་མ་ཐག་པ་ཇི་ལྟར་དགག་ཅེ་ན། བཤད་པ། ཆོས་རྣམས་སྐྱེས་པས་ཡིན་ན། །འགག་པ་འཐད་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ། །དེ་ཕྱིར་དེ་མ་ཐག་མི་རེགས། །འགགས་ན་རྐྱེན་ཡང་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན། །ཆོས་རྣམས་སྐྱེ་བར་སྟོན་པ་ན། །ཆོས་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་ལ་འགག་པ་འཐད་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ། །སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་ལ་འཐད་པར་འགྱུར་བས་གང་གི་ཕྱིར་དེ་ལྟ་ཡིན་པ་དེའི་ཕྱིར་དེ་མ་ཐག་པའི་རྐྱེན་ཅེས་བྱའོ་ཞེ་ན། དེ་ནི་རིགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། འགགས་ན་རྐྱེན་དུ་བསྟན་པ་མི་འཐད་དེ་མེད་པ་རྐྱེན་དུ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ་བ་དེ་གང་ཡིན། དེ་ནི་དེ་མ་ཐག་པ་དགག་པའོ། །བདག་པོ་ཇི་ལྟར་དགག་ཅེ་ན། བཤད་པ། དངོས་པོ་རང་བཞིན་མེད་རྣམས་ཀྱི། །ཡོད་པ་གང་ཕྱིར་ཡོད་མིན་ན། །འདི་ཡོད་པས་ན་འདི་འབྱུང་ཞེས། །བྱ་བ་དེ་ནི་འཐད་མ་ཡིན། །དངོས་པོ་རང་བཞིན་མེད་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་གང་གི་ཕྱིར་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་དེའི་ཕྱིར་འདི་ཡོད་པས་འདི་འབྱུང་ངོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་དེ་འཐད་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེ་ནི་བདག་པོ་དགག་པའོ། །དེ་ལྟར་རྐྱེན་དེ་དག་སྤྱི་དང་སོ་སོར་བཀག་པས། རྐྱེན་རྣམས་སོ་སོ་འདུས་པ་ལས། །འབྲས་བུ་དེ་ནི་མེད་པ་ཉིད། །རྐྱེན་རྣམས་ལ་ནི་གང་མེད་པ། །དེ་ནི་རྐྱེན་ལས་ཇི་ལྟར་སྐྱེ། །རྐྱེན་རྣམས་སོ་སོ་དང་འདས་པ་དག
Chinese
总的来说,如果进行驳斥,那么这些要如何逐一驳斥呢?这里说到:当法存在时,无和有无都不能成立,如何成为能成立的因呢?如果那样,就不合道理了。如果这里有法通过因来成立,那么它要么成立为有,要么成立为无,要么成立为有无二者之一,在那种情况下,当有也不成立,无也不成立,有无也不成立的时候,如何成为能成立的因呢?如果那样,就不合道理了。这样暂时驳斥了因。如何驳斥所缘呢?说到:这个存在的法,它的所缘,仅仅是接近于不存在。这样,如果这个法没有所缘,怎么会有所缘存在呢?薄伽梵在般若波罗蜜多中说到,在八万四千法蕴中,所说的法都是同一味道,没有所缘。这样,既然已经说明了法没有所缘,为什么还要显示有所缘呢?那个所缘是不合理的,就像虚空一样。紧接着,如何驳斥直接因呢?说到:如果诸法是生起的,那么灭是不合理的。因此,直接因是不合理的。如果灭了,又是什么因呢?当显示诸法生起时,对于没有生起的法来说,灭是不合理的。对于生起的法来说,灭是合理的,因为如果是那样,就称为直接因,这是不合理的,如果灭了,显示为因是不合理的,那么要显示什么作为无的因呢?这就是驳斥直接因。如何驳斥主宰者呢?说到:对于没有自性的事物来说,存在又怎么会是不存在呢?因此,说“有了这个,就会有那个”是不合理的。对于没有自性的事物来说,所谓的存在,因为是不存在的,所以说“有了这个,就会有那个”是不合理的,这就是驳斥主宰者。这样,通过普遍和个别地驳斥这些因,从各个因的集合中,结果是不存在的。对于因来说,如果不存在,那么它怎么能从因中产生呢?各个因和过去的事物。
English
Generally speaking, if refutation is done, how should each of these be refuted? Here it says: When the dharma exists, neither non-existence nor existence and non-existence can be established. How can it be called a cause that establishes? If that is the case, it is unreasonable. If here a dharma is established through a cause, then it will either be established as existent, or as non-existent, or as one of both existence and non-existence. In that case, when existence is not established, and non-existence is not established, and existence and non-existence are not established, how can it be called a cause that establishes? If that is the case, it is unreasonable. Thus, the cause is temporarily refuted. How to refute the object of focus? It says: This existent dharma, its object of focus, is only close to non-existence. Thus, if this dharma has no object of focus, how can there be an object of focus? The Bhagavan said in the Prajnaparamita that among the eighty-four thousand aggregates of dharma, the dharma that is taught is of the same taste, without an object of focus. Thus, since it has been shown that the dharma has no object of focus, why show that there is an object of focus? That object of focus is unreasonable, like space. Immediately after that, how to refute the immediate cause? It says: If dharmas are born, then cessation is unreasonable. Therefore, the immediate cause is unreasonable. If it ceases, then what is the cause? When showing that dharmas are born, cessation is unreasonable for dharmas that are not born. Cessation is reasonable for those that are born, because if that is the case, it is called the immediate cause. This is unreasonable, if it ceases, showing it as a cause is unreasonable, then what should be shown as the cause of non-existence? This is the refutation of the immediate cause. How to refute the master? It says: For things that have no self-nature, how can existence be non-existence? Therefore, it is unreasonable to say, "If this exists, then that will arise." For things that have no self-nature, the so-called existence, because it is non-existent, it is unreasonable to say, "If this exists, then that will arise." This is the refutation of the master. Thus, by refuting these causes generally and individually, from the collection of various causes, the result is non-existent. For causes, if it does not exist, then how can it arise from the cause? The various causes and past things.