English
English version A renowned king indulges in negligence and does not consider affairs of state. What is meant by a renowned king indulging in negligence and not guarding the treasury? It refers to a king who engages in few affairs, is unskilled in managing affairs, does not uphold affairs, nor observe affairs. He does not restrict the palace gates, nor the inner palace gates, nor the treasury. He may indulge in jesters, performing arts, laughter, and wanton pleasures, or he may indulge in gambling and games, wastefully spending all his treasures. Such a king is called one who indulges in negligence and does not guard the treasury. What is meant by a renowned king indulging in negligence and not cultivating Dharma practice? It refers to a king who, known to the world as gentle and pure, intelligent and eloquent, capable of understanding and liberation, skillful and harmless, delights in harmless Dharma. All Śrāmaṇas (Śrāmaṇa, wandering ascetics) or Brāhmaṇas (Brāhmaṇa, priests) are unable to frequently visit, pay respects, and seek counsel. Asking what is good, what is not good, what is sinful, what is not sinful, what kind of actions can bring auspiciousness and keep away from all evils. Even if he hears it, he cannot encourage himself to practice as instructed, nor can he constantly give alms to plant blessings, observe fasting, and learn precepts. Such a king is called one who indulges in negligence and does not cultivate Dharma practice. If a king achieves these five gates of decline, know that this king will lose the benefits of both this life and the next. The first four gates of decline will lose the benefits of this life, and the last gate of decline will lose the benefits of the next life. What is called the gate of skillful means for a king? Great King, you should know that there are roughly five kinds of gates of skillful means for a king. What are the five? First, skillfully observing and gathering ministers. Second, being able to bestow favors and excellent conduct in due time. Third, being without negligence, focusing on thinking about and handling affairs of state. Fourth, being without negligence, skillfully guarding the treasury. Fifth, being without negligence, focusing on cultivating Dharma practice. What is meant by a renowned king being able to skillfully observe and gather ministers? It refers to a king who, regarding the talents and abilities of his ministers, is able to thoroughly examine, able to carefully examine their nature, able to contemplate and select, able to carefully contemplate and select, and gathers those who are loyal, trustworthy, skilled, and wise, according to their differences, as close attendants. Such a king is called one who is able to skillfully observe and gather ministers. What is meant by a renowned king being able to skillfully bestow favors and excellent conduct in due time? It refers to a king who, after skillfully observing his ministers, gathers them as close attendants, bestows favor upon them, and according to their capacity, grants generous titles and stipends, heavily rewards their merits, and entrusts them with the most confidential matters, frequently… --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
以软言现相慰喻。彼于一时王遇怨敌恶友军阵大怖畏事命难现前。即便罄竭显示忠信技艺智慧。如是名王能善以时行恩妙行。 云何名王无有放逸专思机务。谓有国王。于应和好所作所成机务等事。能于时时独处空闲。或与智者共正思惟。称量观察和好方便。如是于应乖绝所作所成机务等事。于应惠施所作所成机务等事。于应军阵所作所成机务等事。于应摄受大力朋党所作所成机务等事。皆能时时独处空闲。或与智者共正思惟。称量观察乖绝方便。乃至摄受强党方便。如是名王无有放逸专思机务。 云何名王无有放逸善守府库。谓有国王。广营事业。巧营事业。善持事业。善观事业。善禁王门。善禁宫门。善禁府库。又于俳优技乐笑弄倡逸等所。不以非量而费财宝。亦不耽乐博弈戏等。如是名王无有放逸善守府库。云何名王无有放逸专修法行。谓有国王于世所知柔和淳质。聪慧辩才得理解脱。巧便无害乐无害法。所有沙门若婆罗门而能数往礼敬咨问。云何为善。云何不善。何等有罪。何等无罪。作何等业能致吉祥远离诸恶。既得闻已善能勖励如说修行。亦能时时惠施树福受斋学戒。如是名王无有放逸专修法行。若有国王。成就如是五方便门。当知此王不退现法后法义利。略前四门不退现法所有义利。最后 现代汉语译本：以柔和的言语和美好的仪态来安慰和劝导臣民。例如，国王在某个时候遭遇敌人的侵犯，或者遇到邪恶的朋友，或者面临军队的威胁，或者遇到危及生命的事情时，臣民能够竭尽全力，展现他们的忠诚、技能和智慧。这样的国王才能适时地给予恩惠，施行美好的德政。 什么样的国王才算是不放逸，专心处理政务呢？就是说，有的国王，对于应该和好的事情，已经做成和将要做成的政务等等，能够时常独自在空闲的时候，或者与有智慧的人一起认真思考，衡量和观察和好的方法。同样，对于应该断绝的事情，已经做成和将要做成的政务等等；对于应该施舍的事情，已经做成和将要做成的政务等等；对于应该用兵的事情，已经做成和将要做成的政务等等；对于应该争取强大的同盟者的事情，已经做成和将要做成的政务等等，都能够时常独自在空闲的时候，或者与有智慧的人一起认真思考，衡量和观察断绝的方法，乃至争取强大同盟的方法。这样的国王才算是不放逸，专心处理政务。 什么样的国王才算是不放逸，善于守护府库呢？就是说，有的国王，广泛经营事业，巧妙经营事业，善于保持事业，善于观察事业，善于禁止王宫的门户，善于禁止后宫的门户，善于禁止府库。并且对于俳优（指以歌舞戏谑为业的艺人），技乐（各种技艺表演），笑弄（滑稽的玩乐），倡逸（放纵的享乐）等等，不毫无节制地花费财宝，也不沉迷于赌博游戏等等。这样的国王才算是不放逸，善于守护府库。 什么样的国王才算是不放逸，专心修行佛法呢？就是说，有的国王，在世人看来，性格柔和纯朴，聪明有辩才，能够理解佛法并从中解脱，善于运用方便法门而不伤害他人，喜爱不伤害众生的佛法。他经常去拜访和请教那些沙门（Shramana，出家修道者）或婆罗门（Brahmana，古印度教祭司），询问什么是善，什么是不善，什么是有罪，什么是无罪，做什么样的行为能够带来吉祥，远离各种罪恶。听闻之后，能够努力按照所说的去修行，也能时常布施，培植福德，受持斋戒，学习戒律。这样的国王才算是不放逸，专心修行佛法。如果国王能够成就以上这五种方便之门，那么应当知道，这位国王不会失去今生和来世的利益。如果缺少前面四种方便之门，那么就会失去今生的所有利益。最后
English
English version: He comforts and encourages them with gentle words and a pleasing demeanor. For example, when a king encounters an enemy, an evil friend, a threatening army, or a life-threatening situation, his subjects should exert all their efforts, displaying their loyalty, skills, and wisdom. Such a king is able to bestow favors at the right time and practice virtuous governance. What kind of king is considered diligent and focused on affairs of state? It is said that some kings, regarding matters of reconciliation, completed and future affairs of state, are able to spend time alone in leisure, or contemplate with wise individuals, carefully considering methods of reconciliation. Similarly, regarding matters of severance, completed and future affairs of state; regarding matters of giving, completed and future affairs of state; regarding matters of military deployment, completed and future affairs of state; regarding matters of enlisting powerful allies, completed and future affairs of state, they are all able to spend time alone in leisure, or contemplate with wise individuals, carefully considering methods of severance, and even methods of enlisting powerful allies. Such a king is considered diligent and focused on affairs of state. What kind of king is considered diligent and skilled in guarding the treasury? It is said that some kings extensively manage affairs, skillfully manage affairs, are good at maintaining affairs, are good at observing affairs, are good at guarding the royal gates, are good at guarding the palace gates, and are good at guarding the treasury. Furthermore, they do not waste treasures immoderately on jesters, performances, amusements, and licentious pleasures, nor do they indulge in gambling and games. Such a king is considered diligent and skilled in guarding the treasury. What kind of king is considered diligent and focused on practicing the Dharma? It is said that some kings, as known by the world, are gentle and pure in nature, intelligent and eloquent, able to understand and be liberated by the Dharma, skillful in using expedient means without harming others, and delight in the Dharma that does not harm beings. They frequently visit and respectfully inquire of Shramanas (Shramana, wandering ascetics) or Brahmanas (Brahmana, ancient Indian priests), asking what is good, what is not good, what is sinful, what is not sinful, and what actions lead to auspiciousness and keep one away from evil. Having heard, they are able to diligently practice as instructed, and are also able to give alms, cultivate merit, observe fasts, and learn precepts. Such a king is considered diligent and focused on practicing the Dharma. If a king achieves these five expedient means, know that this king will not lose the benefits of this life and future lives. Lacking the first four means, he will lose all the benefits of this life. Finally, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
一门不退后法所有义利。云何名为王可爱法。大王当知。略有五种诸王可爱可乐可欣可意之法。何等为五。一世所敬爱。二自在增上。三能摧怨敌。四善摄养身。五能往善趣。如是五种是王可爱可乐可欣可意之法。 云何能引王可爱法。大王当知。略有五种能引诸王可爱之法。何等为五。一恩养世间。二英勇具足。三善权方便。四正受境界。五勤修法行。 云何名王恩养世间。谓有国王。性本知足。于财宝门为性谨慎不邪贪着。如其所应积集财宝不广营求。又有国王。性无贪吝。成就无贪白净之法。以自所有库藏珍财。随力随能给施一切贫穷孤露。又有国王。柔和忍辱。多以软言晓喻国界。于时时间随其所应颁赏爵禄。终不以彼非所能业恶业重业役任群臣。诸有违犯可矜恕罪。即便矜恕。诸有违犯不可恕罪。以实以时如理治罚。如是名王以正化法恩养世间。由王受行如是恩养世间法故。遂感世间之所敬爱。 云何名王英勇具足。谓有国王。计策无惰武略圆满。未降伏者而降伏之。已降伏者而摄护之。广营事业如前。乃至。不甚耽乐博弈戏等。又善观察应与不应勤于僚庶。应刑罚者正刑罚之。应摄养者正摄养之。如是名王英勇具足。由王受行如是英勇具足法故。遂能感得自在增上。 云何名王 现代汉语译本 一门不退后法的所有意义和利益。什么叫做诸王喜爱的法？大王您应当知道，大概有五种诸王喜爱、快乐、欢欣、满意的法。是哪五种呢？一是被世人敬爱，二是自在增上，三是能够摧毁怨敌，四是善于调养身心，五是能够前往善道。这五种就是诸王喜爱、快乐、欢欣、满意的法。 怎样才能引来诸王喜爱的法？大王您应当知道，大概有五种能够引来诸王喜爱的法。是哪五种呢？一是恩养世间，二是英勇具足，三是善用权宜之计，四是正受境界，五是勤修法行。 什么叫做国王恩养世间？就是说，有的国王，天性知足，对于财宝方面，本性谨慎，不邪恶贪婪。按照应该做的积聚财宝，不广泛地去营求。又有国王，天性没有贪婪吝啬，成就了没有贪婪的清净之法。用自己所有的库藏珍宝，尽自己的力量，给予一切贫穷孤独的人。又有国王，柔和忍辱，多用温和的言语晓喻国界。在适当的时候，按照他们的情况颁发赏赐和爵位俸禄。始终不让他们做那些他们不能胜任的、恶劣的、繁重的劳役。对于那些犯了可以宽恕的罪过的人，就宽恕他们。对于那些犯了不可宽恕的罪过的人，就按照实际情况，按照时机，按照道理进行惩罚。这就叫做国王用正法教化来恩养世间。由于国王奉行这样的恩养世间之法，就能感得世间的敬爱。 什么叫做国王英勇具足？就是说，有的国王，计策没有懈怠，武略圆满。对于没有降伏的人，就去降伏他们。对于已经降伏的人，就去摄护他们。广泛地经营事业，如前所说。乃至，不怎么沉迷于赌博游戏等。又善于观察应该给予和不应该给予的人，勤于管理僚属。对于应该判处刑罚的人，就公正地判处刑罚。对于应该摄受供养的人，就公正地摄受供养。这就叫做国王英勇具足。由于国王奉行这样的英勇具足之法，就能感得自在增上。 什么叫做国王
English
English version All the meanings and benefits of a Dharma (法) of non-regression. What is called a Dharma (法) beloved by kings? Great King, you should know that there are roughly five kinds of Dharmas (法) that kings love, enjoy, delight in, and are satisfied with. What are the five? First, being respected and loved by the world. Second, being independent and supreme. Third, being able to destroy enemies. Fourth, being good at nourishing the body and mind. Fifth, being able to go to good realms. These five are the Dharmas (法) that kings love, enjoy, delight in, and are satisfied with. How can one attract the Dharma (法) beloved by kings? Great King, you should know that there are roughly five kinds of Dharmas (法) that can attract the love of kings. What are the five? First, benefiting and nurturing the world. Second, being fully endowed with courage and valor. Third, being skilled in expedient means. Fourth, rightly receiving the realm of experience. Fifth, diligently cultivating Dharma (法) practice. What is called a king benefiting and nurturing the world? It means that some kings are naturally content and cautious in their attitude towards wealth and treasures, without being evilly greedy. They accumulate wealth and treasures as appropriate, without seeking them extensively. Also, some kings are naturally without greed or stinginess, accomplishing the pure Dharma (法) of non-greed. They use their own storehouses of treasures and wealth to give to all the poor and orphaned according to their ability. Also, some kings are gentle and patient, often using soft words to instruct the people of their kingdom. From time to time, they bestow rewards and ranks as appropriate. They never assign their ministers to tasks that they are incapable of, or to evil or heavy labor. Those who commit offenses that can be forgiven are forgiven. Those who commit offenses that cannot be forgiven are punished truthfully, timely, and justly. This is called a king benefiting and nurturing the world with righteous teachings. Because the king practices such a Dharma (法) of benefiting and nurturing the world, he gains the respect and love of the world. What is called a king being fully endowed with courage and valor? It means that some kings are never lazy in their strategies and are perfect in their military skills. They subdue those who have not been subdued and protect those who have been subdued. They extensively manage their affairs, as mentioned before. Furthermore, they do not indulge excessively in gambling and games. They also carefully observe who should be given and who should not be given, and they diligently manage their officials. Those who should be punished are justly punished. Those who should be supported are justly supported. This is called a king being fully endowed with courage and valor. Because the king practices such a Dharma (法) of being fully endowed with courage and valor, he can gain independence and supremacy. What is called a king --------------------------------------------------------------------------------