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English version Teachings. These are called the true, thoughtful, kind, and compliant principles that a king should follow. What is called a king cherishing good Dharma? It refers to a king who believes in the existence of future lives. Because of believing in goodness, he can well believe and understand the pure or impure karma of future lives, as well as the lovable or unlovable consequences. Because of believing and understanding, he possesses a sense of shame and does not indulge in committing evil deeds of body, speech, and mind. He constantly contemplates giving, cultivating blessings, observing precepts, and learning the precepts. This is called a king cherishing good Dharma. What is called a king being good at understanding differences and knowing the kindness received? It refers to a king who, towards his ministers, advisors, national teachers, and all officials, has no inverted views in his mind and can well understand the differences in loyalty, skills, and wisdom. Regarding the loyalty, skills, and wisdom of the officials, whether they have them or not, he knows them as they truly are. Towards those who do not have these qualities, he despises and distances himself from them. Towards those who have these qualities, he respects and loves them, and justly accepts them. Furthermore, towards those ministers who are old and frail, who have served and attended him for a long time, even if he knows that they now have no power, no strength, and no courage, he still remembers their past kindness, cherishes them with respect and love, and does not despise them. In terms of titles, salaries, merits, and rewards, he distributes rewards without omission. This is called a king being good at understanding differences and knowing the kindness received. What is called a king not indulging himself and not acting recklessly? It refers to a king who does not indulge in the wonderful five desires (form, sound, smell, taste, touch), does not indulge in play, and does not crave enjoyment. He can constantly encourage himself, find ways to do what should be done, and comfort and reward his officials. This is called a king not indulging himself and not acting recklessly. If a king achieves such merits, even without a large treasury, without great assistants, and without a large army, he can be relied upon and looked up to. Your Majesty should know that these nine kinds of merits of a king are the inherent merits of the king himself. What are called the paths to a king's decline? Your Majesty should know that there are roughly five paths to a king's decline: first, not being good at observing before employing officials; second, even if being good at observing before employing officials, lacking kind and wonderful actions, and even if there are rewards, they are not timely; third, only indulging in enjoyment and not considering state affairs; fourth, only indulging in enjoyment and not guarding the treasury; fifth, only indulging in enjoyment and not practicing the Dharma. These five situations are all called the paths to a king's decline. What is called a king not being good at observing before employing officials? It refers to a king who, towards his officials, cannot... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
究察不审究察。不能思择不审思择。忠信技艺智慧差别。摄为亲侍加以宠爱。厚赐爵禄重赏勋庸。最机密处而相委任。数以软言现为慰喻然此群臣所付财宝多有损费。若遇怨敌恶友军阵。彼先退败。恐惧破散为他所胜。迟留人后奔北无恋。矫行恶策动[虚*予]王政。如是名王不善观察而摄群臣。云何名王虽善观察而摄群臣。无恩妙行纵有非时谓有国王。虽于群臣性能究察能审究察。性能思择能审思择。忠信技艺智慧差别。摄为亲侍而不宠爱。不如其量具赐爵禄。最机密处亦不委任。不数软言现相慰喻。彼于一时王遇怨敌恶友军阵。广说乃至大怖畏事命难现前。尔时于臣方行宠爱。广说乃至数以软言而相慰喻。时群臣等共相谓曰。王于今者危迫因缘。方于我等暂行妙行非长久心。知此事已。虽有忠信技艺智慧隐而不现。如是名王虽善观察而摄群臣无恩妙行纵有非时。 云何名王专行放逸不思机务。谓有国王。于应和好所作所成机务等事。而不时时独处空闲。或与智者共正思惟。称量观察和好方便。如是于应乖绝所作所成机务等事。于应惠施所作所成机务等事。于应军阵所作所成机务等事。于应摄受大力朋党所作所成机务等事。皆不时时独处空闲。或与智者共正思惟。称量观察乖绝方便。乃至摄受强党方便。如是 现代汉语译本 考察却不仔细考察，能够思考却不能仔细思考。对于臣子的忠诚、技艺和智慧的差别，就笼络来作为亲近侍从，并加以宠爱。给予丰厚的爵位俸禄，重重地赏赐有功之臣。在最机密的地方也委以重任。常常用温和的言语来安慰他们，然而这些臣子所掌管的财物大多有所损耗。如果遇到怨敌、恶友或者军队阵仗，他们会先退却溃败，恐惧地四处逃散而被敌人战胜。迟迟地落在人后，逃跑时毫不留恋。假装施行恶劣的计策，扰乱国家的政事。这样的国王就是不善于观察而任用臣子。 什么样的国王才算是即使善于观察却不能很好地任用臣子呢？就是没有恩惠和美好的行为，即使有（好的行为）也不是时候。比如有的国王，即使能够考察臣子的才能，能够仔细地考察，能够思考，能够仔细地思考，了解臣子的忠诚、技艺和智慧的差别，笼络他们作为亲近侍从，却不加以宠爱。不按照他们的才能大小给予相应的爵位俸禄。在最机密的地方也不委以重任。不常常用温和的言语来安慰他们。当国王遇到怨敌、恶友或者军队阵仗时，（情况）一直到出现极大的恐惧和性命攸关的危难。这时才开始对臣子加以宠爱，（情况）一直到常常用温和的言语来安慰他们。这时臣子们就会互相议论说：‘国王现在是因为危急的缘故，才暂时对我们施行恩惠，并不是长久之计。’知道这件事后，即使有忠诚、技艺和智慧也会隐藏起来不表现出来。这样的国王就是即使善于观察却不能很好地任用臣子，因为他没有恩惠和美好的行为，即使有（好的行为）也不是时候。 什么样的国王是专门放纵自己的欲望而不考虑国家事务呢？比如有的国王，对于应该和好的、所作所成的国家事务，不经常独自在空闲的时候，或者与有智慧的人一起认真地思考，衡量观察和好的方法。像这样，对于应该断绝的、所作所成的国家事务，对于应该施恩的、所作所成的国家事务，对于应该用兵的、所作所成的国家事务，对于应该收拢强大的朋党的、所作所成的国家事务，都不经常独自在空闲的时候，或者与有智慧的人一起认真地思考，衡量观察断绝的方法，一直到收拢强大朋党的方法。像这样。
English
English version Examining without careful scrutiny, capable of deliberation but not deliberating thoroughly. Regarding the differences in loyalty, skill, and wisdom of his ministers, he gathers them as close attendants and bestows favor upon them. He grants generous titles and stipends, heavily rewards meritorious service. He entrusts them with the most confidential matters. He frequently uses gentle words to comfort them, yet the wealth entrusted to these ministers is often wasted. If they encounter enemies, evil friends, or military formations, they will retreat and be defeated first, scatter in fear and be overcome by others. They lag behind, fleeing north without looking back. They falsely implement wicked strategies, disrupting the king's governance. Such a king is one who does not observe well but employs ministers. What kind of king is one who, though observing well, does not employ ministers well? It is one who lacks kindness and virtuous conduct, and even when he has them, it is not the right time. For example, some kings, even though they can examine the talents of their ministers, can scrutinize them carefully, can deliberate, can deliberate thoroughly, understand the differences in loyalty, skill, and wisdom of their ministers, gather them as close attendants, but do not bestow favor upon them. They do not grant titles and stipends according to their abilities. They do not entrust them with the most confidential matters. They do not frequently use gentle words to comfort them. When the king encounters enemies, evil friends, or military formations, (the situation continues) until there is great fear and imminent danger to life. Only then does he begin to bestow favor upon his ministers, (the situation continues) until he frequently uses gentle words to comfort them. At this time, the ministers will discuss among themselves, saying, 'The king is now showing kindness to us temporarily because of the urgent crisis, it is not a long-term intention.' Knowing this, even if they have loyalty, skill, and wisdom, they will hide them and not reveal them. Such a king is one who, though observing well, does not employ ministers well because he lacks kindness and virtuous conduct, and even when he has them, it is not the right time. What kind of king is one who indulges in his desires and does not consider state affairs? For example, some kings, regarding state affairs that should be reconciled, accomplished, or achieved, do not frequently spend time alone in leisure, or deliberate earnestly with wise men, weighing and observing the means of reconciliation. Likewise, regarding state affairs that should be severed, accomplished, or achieved, regarding state affairs that should be bestowed, accomplished, or achieved, regarding state affairs that should involve military formations, accomplished, or achieved, regarding state affairs that should involve gathering powerful allies, accomplished, or achieved, they do not frequently spend time alone in leisure, or deliberate earnestly with wise men, weighing and observing the means of severance, all the way to the means of gathering powerful allies. Like this. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 名王专行放逸不思机务。
Chinese
云何名王专行放逸不守府库。谓有国王。寡营事业。拙营事业。不持事业不观事业。不禁王门。不禁宫门。不禁府库。或于俳优技乐笑弄倡逸等所。或复耽乐博弈戏等。非量损费所有财宝。如是名王专行放逸不守府库。云何名王专行放逸不修法行。谓有国王。于世所知柔和淳质。聪慧辩才得理解脱。巧便无害乐无害法。所有沙门若婆罗门不能数往礼敬咨询。云何为善。云何不善。云何有罪。云何无罪。作何等业能致吉祥远离诸恶。设得闻已亦不勖励如说修行。不能时时惠施树福受斋学戒。如是名王专行放逸不修法行。若有国王。成就如是五衰损门。当知此王退失现法后法义利。谓前四门退现法利。最后一门退后法利。 云何名为王方便门。大王当知。王方便门略有五种。何等为五。一善观察摄受群臣。二能以时行恩妙行。三无放逸专思机务。四无放逸善守府库。五无放逸专修法行。 云何名王能善观察摄受群臣。谓有国王。于群臣等性能究察能审究察性。能思择能审思择。忠信技艺智慧差别摄为亲侍。如是名王能善观察摄受群臣。 云何名王能善以时行恩妙行。谓有国王。于诸群臣善观察已。摄为亲侍加以宠爱。随其度量厚赐爵录重赏勋庸。最机密处而相委任。数 现代汉语译本 名王专行放逸，不思机务。 什么叫做名王专行放逸，不守府库？是指有的国王，很少经营事业，不善于经营事业，不主持事业也不观察事业，不禁止王宫大门，不禁止后宫大门，也不禁止府库。或者沉迷于俳优、技艺、歌舞嬉闹等，或者沉迷于赌博游戏等，无节制地耗费所有财宝。这样的名王就叫做专行放逸，不守府库。什么叫做名王专行放逸，不修法行？是指有的国王，对于世人所知的柔和淳朴、聪慧辩才、理解解脱、巧妙方便、乐于无害之法，所有沙门（Śrāmaṇa，出家求道者）或婆罗门（Brāhmaṇa，祭司），不能经常前往礼敬咨询。询问什么是善，什么是不善，什么是有罪，什么是无罪，做什么样的业能够带来吉祥，远离各种恶行。即使听到了，也不能勉励自己如所说的那样修行，不能时时惠施树立福德，受持斋戒学习戒律。这样的名王就叫做专行放逸，不修法行。如果有的国王，成就了这样五种衰损之门，应当知道这位国王会退失现世和来世的利益。前面四种衰损之门会退失现世的利益，最后一种衰损之门会退失来世的利益。 什么叫做王方便之门？大王您应当知道，王方便之门大概有五种。是哪五种呢？一是善于观察摄受群臣，二能按时施行恩惠和妙行，三是不放逸，专心思考处理政务，四是不放逸，善于守护府库，五是不放逸，专心修行佛法。 什么叫做名王能善于观察摄受群臣？是指有的国王，对于群臣等的才能性能，能够彻底考察，能够审慎考察，能够思考选择，能够审慎思考选择，将那些忠诚守信、有技艺、有智慧的人才，根据他们的差别，摄受为亲近侍从。这样的名王就叫做能善于观察摄受群臣。 什么叫做名王能善于按时施行恩惠和妙行？是指有的国王，对于各位群臣善于观察之后，摄受为亲近侍从，加以宠爱，根据他们的才能度量，给予丰厚的爵位俸禄，重重赏赐他们的功勋，在最机密的事情上委以重任，经常……