Chinese
善权方便。谓有国王。于应和好所作所成机务等事。如前乃至于应摄受大力朋党所作所成机务等事。能正了知和好方便。乃至摄受强党方便。如是名王善权方便。由王受行如是善权方便法故。遂能摧伏所有怨敌。 云何名王正受境界。谓有国王善能筹量府库增减。不奢不吝平等自处清正受用。众杂受用胜妙受用。随其时候所宜受用。与诸臣佐亲属受用。在于胜处而为受用。奏诸伎乐而为受用。无有𠎝失而为受用。无𠎝失者。谓疾恼时应食所宜。避所不宜于康豫时。消已方食若食未消。或食而利。皆不应食。应共食者。正现在前不应独食。精妙上味诡摈余人。如是名王正受境界。由王受行如是正受境界法故。遂能善巧摄养自身。 云何名王勤修法行。谓有国王。具足净信戒闻舍慧。 云何名王具足净信。谓有国王。信解他世信解当来净不净业及爱非爱果与异熟。如是名王具足净信。 云何名王具足净戒。谓有国王。远离杀生及不与取淫欲邪行妄语饮酒诸放逸处。如是名王具足净戒。 云何名王具足净闻。谓有国王。于现法义于后法义及于现法后法等义众妙法门。善听善受习诵通利。专意研究善见善达。如是名王具足净闻。云何名王具足净舍。谓有国王。虽在悭垢所缠众中心恒清净。远离 现代汉语译本 善巧权变方便。譬如有一位国王，对于应该和睦相处所做成的事情，以及各种事务，如前所说，乃至应该收纳强大的朋党所做成的事情，能够正确地了解和睦相处的方便之法，乃至收纳强大朋党的方便之法。这样的国王就叫做善巧权变方便。由于国王奉行这样的善巧权变方便之法，就能摧伏所有的怨敌。 什么叫做国王如法享受境界？譬如有一位国王，善于筹划府库的增减，不奢侈也不吝啬，平等地对待自己，清廉公正地享用。大众共同享用，殊胜美妙地享用，随着时节的需要而享用，与各位臣佐亲属一同享用，在美好的地方享用，演奏各种音乐而享用，没有过失地享用。所谓没有过失，是指生病时应该食用适宜的食物，避开不适宜的食物；在健康的时候，食物消化后才食用，如果食物没有消化，或者吃了会腹泻，都不应该食用。应该共同食用的，要端正地摆在面前，不应该独自享用美味佳肴而偷偷地排斥其他人。这样的国王就叫做如法享受境界。由于国王奉行这样的如法享受境界之法，就能巧妙地调养自身。 什么叫做国王勤修法行？譬如有一位国王，具足清净的信心、戒律、闻法、布施、智慧。 什么叫做国王具足清净的信心？譬如有一位国王，相信并理解有来世，相信并理解未来的清净或不清净的业，以及喜爱或不喜爱的果报和异熟果报。这样的国王就叫做具足清净的信心。 什么叫做国王具足清净的戒律？譬如有一位国王，远离杀生、不予而取、邪淫、妄语、饮酒等各种放逸之处。这样的国王就叫做具足清净的戒律。 什么叫做国王具足清净的闻法？譬如有一位国王，对于现世的意义、对于来世的意义，以及对于现世和来世等意义的各种微妙法门，善于听闻、善于接受、学习背诵通达流畅，专心研究，善于理解，善于通达。这样的国王就叫做具足清净的闻法。 什么叫做国王具足清净的布施？譬如有一位国王，虽然身处被悭吝垢染所缠绕的众人之中，内心却恒常清净，远离悭吝。
English
English version Skillful Means and Expediency. For example, there is a king who, regarding matters of harmony and accomplishment, as mentioned before, up to and including the affairs of gathering powerful allies, is able to correctly understand the expedient means of harmony, and even the expedient means of gathering strong allies. Such a king is called one with skillful means and expediency. Because the king practices such skillful means and expediency, he is able to subdue all enemies. What is called a king's proper enjoyment of his realm? For example, there is a king who is skilled at planning the increase and decrease of the treasury, neither extravagant nor stingy, treating himself equally, enjoying things purely and justly. Enjoying with the masses, enjoying wonderfully and exquisitely, enjoying according to the needs of the season, enjoying with ministers and relatives, enjoying in beautiful places, enjoying with music, enjoying without fault. 'Without fault' means that when sick, one should eat what is suitable and avoid what is unsuitable; when healthy, one should eat after the food has been digested. If the food has not been digested, or if eating causes diarrhea, one should not eat. What should be eaten together should be placed properly in front of everyone; one should not secretly exclude others while enjoying delicious food alone. Such a king is called one who properly enjoys his realm. Because the king practices such proper enjoyment of his realm, he is able to skillfully nourish himself. What is called a king's diligent practice of the Dharma? For example, there is a king who is complete with pure faith, discipline, learning, generosity, and wisdom. What is called a king's possession of pure faith? For example, there is a king who believes and understands that there is a next life, believes and understands the pure and impure karma of the future, and the agreeable and disagreeable fruits and their maturation. Such a king is called one who possesses pure faith. What is called a king's possession of pure discipline? For example, there is a king who abstains from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and drinking alcohol, all of which are causes for negligence. Such a king is called one who possesses pure discipline. What is called a king's possession of pure learning? For example, there is a king who, regarding the meaning of the present Dharma, the meaning of the future Dharma, and the various subtle Dharma teachings concerning the meaning of both the present and future Dharma, is skilled at listening, skilled at receiving, learning, reciting, and understanding fluently, focusing his mind on research, skilled at seeing, and skilled at understanding. Such a king is called one who possesses pure learning. What is called a king's possession of pure generosity? For example, there is a king who, although among people entangled in the defilement of stinginess, constantly maintains purity in his heart, and is far from stinginess. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
悭垢而处居家。常行弃舍舒手乐施。好兴祠福惠舍圆满。于布施时常乐平等。如是名王具足净舍。 云何名王具足净慧。谓有国王。如实了知善不善法。有罪无罪。修与不修。胜劣黑白。于广分别诸缘生法。亦如实知。纵令失念生恶贪欲瞋恚忿恨覆恼悭嫉幻诳谄曲无惭无愧恶欲恶见。而心觉悟并不坚住。如是名王具足净慧。如是名王勤修法行。由王受行此法行故能往善趣。如是五种能引发王可爱之法。能引诸王现法后法所有利益。谓初四种能引发王现法利益。最后一种能引发王后法利益。 复次大王当知。我已略说王之过失。王之功德。王衰损门。王方便门。王可爱法及能引发王可爱法。是故大王。应当修学。王之过失宜当远离。王之功德宜当修习。王衰损门宜当远离。王方便门宜当修学。王可爱法宜当希慕。能引发王可爱之法宜当受行。大王。若能如是修学。当获一切利益安乐。 复次依行差别建立三士。谓下中上。无自利行无利他行名为下士。有自利行无利他行有利他行无自利行名为中士。有自利行有利他行名为上士。 复有四种补特伽罗。或有行恶而非乐恶。或有乐恶而非行恶。或有行恶亦复乐恶。或非行恶亦非乐恶。若信诸恶能感当来非爱果报。由失念故。或放逸故。近恶友故。造 吝啬污秽地居住在家中，却经常乐于施舍，张开双手快乐地布施，喜欢兴办祭祀祈福之事，慷慨施舍圆满。在布施的时候，常常乐于平等对待。这样的国王就具备了清净的布施。 怎样的国王才具备清净的智慧呢？就是说，有的国王，如实地了知什么是善法，什么是不善法；什么是有罪的，什么是无罪的；什么是应该修习的，什么是不应该修习的；什么是殊胜的，什么是低劣的；什么是黑业，什么是白业。对于广泛分别的各种因缘生法，也能如实地了知。即使因为失念而生起恶贪、瞋恚、忿恨、覆恼、悭吝、嫉妒、虚幻、欺诳、谄媚、邪曲、无惭、无愧、恶欲、恶见，而内心觉悟后并不执着于这些恶念。这样的国王就具备了清净的智慧。这样的国王就是勤奋修习佛法的国王。由于国王奉行这些佛法，因此能够前往善道。这五种品德能够引发国王的可爱之处，能够引导诸位国王获得现世和来世的所有利益。其中前四种品德能够引发国王现世的利益，最后一种品德能够引发国王来世的利益。 此外，大王，您应当知道，我已经简略地说了国王的过失、国王的功德、国王衰败的途径、国王方便行事的途径、国王的可爱之处，以及能够引发国王可爱之处的品德。因此，大王，您应当修学国王的功德，适宜远离国王的过失；国王的功德适宜修习；国王衰败的途径适宜远离；国王方便行事的途径适宜修学；国王的可爱之处适宜希求爱慕；能够引发国王可爱之处的品德适宜奉行。大王，如果能够这样修学，就能够获得一切利益和安乐。 此外，依据行为的差别，可以建立三种人，即下士、中士、上士。没有自利的行为，也没有利他的行为，称为下士。有自利的行为，没有利他的行为，或者有利他的行为，没有自利的行为，称为中士。有自利的行为，也有利他的行为，称为上士。 此外，有四种补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）。有的人做恶事，但不喜欢恶事；有的人喜欢恶事，但不做恶事；有的人做恶事，也喜欢恶事；有的人不做恶事，也不喜欢恶事。如果相信各种恶行能够感召未来不喜爱的果报，由于失去正念的缘故，或者放逸的缘故，或者亲近恶友的缘故，造作恶业。
English
Living at home with stinginess and defilement, yet constantly practicing generosity, opening hands to give happily, delighting in initiating sacrificial blessings and giving alms completely. At the time of giving, always delighting in equality. Such a king is said to possess pure giving. What kind of king possesses pure wisdom? It means that some kings truly understand what is good and what is not good; what is sinful and what is not sinful; what should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated; what is superior and what is inferior; what is black karma and what is white karma. They also truly understand the various conditioned phenomena that arise from causes and conditions. Even if, due to forgetfulness, evil greed, hatred, anger, resentment, concealment, vexation, stinginess, jealousy, illusion, deceit, flattery, crookedness, shamelessness, lack of remorse, evil desires, and evil views arise, their minds awaken and do not cling to these evil thoughts. Such a king is said to possess pure wisdom. Such a king is diligently practicing the Dharma. Because the king practices these Dharmas, he can go to good realms. These five qualities can evoke the king's lovableness and can lead all kings to obtain all the benefits of this life and the next. The first four qualities can evoke the king's benefits in this life, and the last quality can evoke the king's benefits in the next life. Furthermore, Great King, you should know that I have briefly spoken of the king's faults, the king's merits, the ways of the king's decline, the ways of the king's expedient actions, the king's lovableness, and the qualities that can evoke the king's lovableness. Therefore, Great King, you should study the king's merits and avoid the king's faults; the king's merits should be cultivated; the ways of the king's decline should be avoided; the ways of the king's expedient actions should be studied; the king's lovableness should be desired and admired; the qualities that can evoke the king's lovableness should be practiced. Great King, if you can study in this way, you will obtain all benefits and happiness. Furthermore, based on the difference in actions, three types of people are established, namely, the inferior, the middling, and the superior. One who has no self-benefiting actions and no other-benefiting actions is called an inferior person. One who has self-benefiting actions but no other-benefiting actions, or who has other-benefiting actions but no self-benefiting actions, is called a middling person. One who has self-benefiting actions and other-benefiting actions is called a superior person. Furthermore, there are four types of Pudgalas (Pudgala, person). Some do evil deeds but do not like evil; some like evil but do not do evil deeds; some do evil deeds and also like evil; some do not do evil deeds and do not like evil. If one believes that various evil deeds can bring about undesirable consequences in the future, due to loss of mindfulness, or due to negligence, or due to associating with bad friends, one creates evil karma. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
作恶行是名行恶而非乐恶。若先世来串习恶故。喜乐诸恶恶欲所牵。彼由亲近善丈夫故。闻正法故。如理作意为依止故。见诸恶行能感当来非爱果报。自勉自励远离诸恶。是名乐恶而非行恶。若性乐恶而不远离。是名行恶亦复乐恶。若有为性不乐诸恶亦能远离。名非行恶亦非乐恶。此中行恶亦乐恶者是名下士。若有行恶而非乐恶。或有乐恶而非行恶是名中士。若非行恶亦非乐恶是名上士。 复有三士一重受欲。二重事务。三重正法。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。 复有三种补特伽罗。一以非事为自事。二以自事为自事。三以他事为自事。若行恶行以自存活。名以非事为自事。若怖恶行修行善行。名以自事为自事。若诸菩萨以他事为自事等。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。 又诸国王有三圆满。谓果报圆满。士用圆满。功德圆满。若诸国王生富贵家。长寿少病有大宗叶。成就俱生。聪利之慧。是王名为果报圆满。若诸国王善权方便所摄持故。恒常成就圆满英勇。是王名为士用圆满。若诸国王任持正法。名为法王安住正法。名为大王。与内宫王子群臣英杰豪贵国人共修惠施。树福受斋坚持禁戒。是王名为功德圆满。果报圆满者。受用先世净业果报。士用圆满者。受用现法可爱之果。功德圆满者。 现代汉语译本： 作恶的行为叫做‘行恶’，而不是‘乐恶’。如果前世习惯了作恶，因此喜欢并享受各种恶行，被恶欲所牵引。这样的人如果亲近善良的人，听闻正确的佛法，依靠如理作意（正确的思考和行动），看到各种恶行会感召未来不喜欢的果报，从而自我勉励，努力远离各种恶行，这就叫做‘乐恶’而不是‘行恶’。如果天性喜欢作恶，并且不远离恶行，这就叫做‘行恶’也‘乐恶’。如果有人天性不喜欢各种恶行，也能够远离恶行，这就叫做‘非行恶’也‘非乐恶’。这里面，‘行恶’也‘乐恶’的人，叫做下士。如果有人‘行恶’但是不‘乐恶’，或者‘乐恶’但是不‘行恶’，叫做中士。如果‘非行恶’也‘非乐恶’，叫做上士。 又有三种人：一是看重欲望，二是看重事务，三是看重正法。前者叫做下士，中间的叫做中士，后者叫做上士。 又有三种补特伽罗（person）：一种是以不该做的事作为自己的事，一种是以自己的事作为自己的事，一种是以他人的事作为自己的事。如果做恶事来维持生存，叫做‘以非事为自事’。如果害怕恶事，修行善事，叫做‘以自事为自事’。如果各位菩萨以他人的事作为自己的事等等。前者叫做下士，中间的叫做中士，后者叫做上士。 还有各位国王有三种圆满：一是果报圆满，二是士用圆满，三是功德圆满。如果各位国王出生在富贵之家，长寿少病，有大的宗族，成就与生俱来的聪慧，这样的国王叫做果报圆满。如果各位国王善于运用权宜之计，因此常常成就圆满的英勇，这样的国王叫做士用圆满。如果各位国王维护正法，被称为法王，安住于正法，被称为大王，与内宫王子、群臣、英杰、豪贵、国人共同修行布施，植福，受斋，坚持禁戒，这样的国王叫做功德圆满。果报圆满的人，享受前世清净业的果报。士用圆满的人，享受现世可爱的果报。功德圆满的人，