English
English version: Acting evilly is called 'acting evilly' (行恶) and not 'enjoying evil' (乐恶). If, due to past habits, one enjoys and delights in various evils, being driven by evil desires, but then, through associating with virtuous people, hearing the correct Dharma, and relying on appropriate mindfulness (如理作意), sees that evil actions bring about undesirable consequences in the future, and thus encourages oneself to diligently avoid all evils, this is called 'enjoying evil' (乐恶) and not 'acting evilly' (行恶). If one is naturally inclined to evil and does not avoid it, this is called both 'acting evilly' (行恶) and 'enjoying evil' (乐恶). If someone is naturally disinclined to all evils and is also able to avoid them, this is called neither 'acting evilly' (非行恶) nor 'enjoying evil' (非乐恶). Among these, the one who both 'acts evilly' (行恶) and 'enjoys evil' (乐恶) is called a lower person. If someone 'acts evilly' (行恶) but does not 'enjoy evil' (乐恶), or 'enjoys evil' (乐恶) but does not 'act evilly' (行恶), is called a middling person. If one neither 'acts evilly' (非行恶) nor 'enjoys evil' (非乐恶), is called a superior person. Furthermore, there are three types of people: the first values desires, the second values affairs, and the third values the correct Dharma. The first is called a lower person, the second is called a middling person, and the third is called a superior person. Furthermore, there are three types of Pudgalas (补特伽罗, person): one who takes what is not their business as their own, one who takes their own business as their own, and one who takes the business of others as their own. If one engages in evil actions to sustain their livelihood, this is called 'taking what is not their business as their own.' If one fears evil actions and cultivates virtuous actions, this is called 'taking their own business as their own.' If the Bodhisattvas (菩萨) take the business of others as their own, etc. The first is called a lower person, the second is called a middling person, and the third is called a superior person. Furthermore, kings have three perfections: the perfection of fruition (果报圆满), the perfection of effort (士用圆满), and the perfection of merit (功德圆满). If kings are born into wealthy and noble families, are long-lived and rarely ill, have a large clan, and possess innate intelligence, such a king is called perfect in fruition. If kings are skilled in expedient means and therefore constantly achieve complete valor, such a king is called perfect in effort. If kings uphold the correct Dharma, they are called Dharma Kings (法王), and abiding in the correct Dharma, they are called Great Kings (大王), and together with the princes of the inner palace, ministers, heroes, nobles, and the people of the country, cultivate generosity, plant blessings, observe fasts, and uphold precepts, such a king is called perfect in merit. Those perfect in fruition enjoy the results of pure karma from past lives. Those perfect in effort enjoy the desirable results of the present Dharma. Those perfect in merit, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
亦于当来受用圆满净业果报。若有国王三种圆满皆不具足。名为下士。若有果报圆满或士用圆满或俱圆满。名为中士。若三圆满无不具足。名为上士。复有三臣。一有忠信无伎能智慧。二有忠信伎能无智慧。三具忠信伎能智慧。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。若不忠信无有伎能亦无智慧。当知此臣下中之下。 又有四语。一非爱似爱。二爱似非爱。三非爱似非爱。四爱似爱。诸有语言辞句善顺。然非所宜。是名初语。或有语言辞句勃逆。然是所宜。是第二语。或有语言辞句勃逆。亦非所宜。是第三语。或有语言辞句善顺。亦是所宜。是第四语。若有宣说非爱似非爱。非爱似爱语者。是下士。若有宣说爱似非爱语者。是中士。若有宣说爱似爱语者。是上士。 复有三种。受诸欲者。或有受欲。非法猛浪积集财宝不能安乐。正养己身及与妻子广说乃至不于沙门婆罗门所修殖福田。或有受欲。以法或非法猛浪或非积集财宝能以安乐。正养己身妻子眷属及知友等。不于沙门婆罗门所修殖福田。或有受欲。一向以法及不猛浪积集财宝能以安乐。正养己身。广说乃至能于沙门婆罗门所修殖福田。此三种中。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。 复有三人。一者有人。贪染而食爱着饕餮。乃至耽湎不见过患。不知 现代汉语译本： 也将于未来获得圆满清净的善业果报。如果一个国王三种圆满都不具备，就称为下士。如果具备果报圆满、或者士用圆满、或者两者都圆满，就称为中士。如果三种圆满全部具备，就称为上士。又有三种臣子：第一种有忠诚和信用，但没有技能和智慧；第二种有忠诚和信用，有技能但没有智慧；第三种具备忠诚、信用、技能和智慧。第一种称为下士，第二种称为中士，第三种称为上士。如果不忠诚、没有技能、也没有智慧，应当知道这种臣子是下士中的下士。 又有四种言语：第一种，不是爱语却像爱语；第二种，是爱语却像非爱语；第三种，不是爱语也像非爱语；第四种，是爱语也像爱语。有些言语辞句委婉顺从，但并不适宜，这称为第一种言语。有些言语辞句生硬忤逆，但却适宜，这是第二种言语。有些言语辞句生硬忤逆，也不适宜，这是第三种言语。有些言语辞句委婉顺从，而且适宜，这是第四种言语。如果有人宣说非爱似非爱、非爱似爱语，是下士。如果有人宣说爱似非爱语，是中士。如果有人宣说爱似爱语，是上士。 又有三种人，享受各种欲望：有些人享受欲望，用非法和猛烈的方式积聚财富，却不能获得安乐，仅仅供养自己和妻子，甚至不在沙门（Śrāmaṇa）[出家修行者]、婆罗门（Brāhmaṇa）[祭司]那里修积福田。有些人享受欲望，用合法或非法、猛烈或不猛烈的方式积聚财富，能够获得安乐，供养自己、妻子、眷属和朋友等，但不在沙门、婆罗门那里修积福田。有些人享受欲望，完全用合法的方式，不猛烈地积聚财富，能够获得安乐，供养自己，甚至能在沙门、婆罗门那里修积福田。这三种人中，第一种称为下士，第二种称为中士，第三种称为上士。 又有三种人：第一种人，贪婪地饮食，喜爱并贪吃，甚至沉溺其中，看不到过患，不知道节制。
English
English version: They will also receive the complete and pure karmic rewards in the future. If a king does not possess any of the three perfections, he is called a 'lower person'. If he possesses the perfection of karmic rewards, or the perfection of efforts, or both, he is called a 'middle person'. If he possesses all three perfections without exception, he is called a 'superior person'. There are also three types of ministers: the first has loyalty and trustworthiness but lacks skills and wisdom; the second has loyalty and trustworthiness and skills but lacks wisdom; the third possesses loyalty, trustworthiness, skills, and wisdom. The first is called a 'lower person', the second a 'middle person', and the third a 'superior person'. If one is not loyal, lacks skills, and lacks wisdom, know that this minister is the lowest of the lower. There are also four types of speech: first, speech that is not loving but appears to be; second, speech that is loving but appears not to be; third, speech that is not loving and appears not to be; and fourth, speech that is loving and appears to be. Some speech has kind and compliant words, but is not appropriate; this is called the first type of speech. Some speech has harsh and rebellious words, but is appropriate; this is the second type of speech. Some speech has harsh and rebellious words and is not appropriate; this is the third type of speech. Some speech has kind and compliant words and is appropriate; this is the fourth type of speech. If someone speaks non-loving speech that appears non-loving, or non-loving speech that appears loving, they are a 'lower person'. If someone speaks loving speech that appears non-loving, they are a 'middle person'. If someone speaks loving speech that appears loving, they are a 'superior person'. There are also three types of people who enjoy desires: some enjoy desires, accumulating wealth through unlawful and forceful means, but cannot find peace and happiness, only providing for themselves and their wives, and not cultivating fields of merit with Śrāmaṇas [ascetics] and Brāhmaṇas [priests]. Some enjoy desires, accumulating wealth through lawful or unlawful, forceful or non-forceful means, and are able to find peace and happiness, providing for themselves, their wives, relatives, and friends, but do not cultivate fields of merit with Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas. Some enjoy desires, accumulating wealth entirely through lawful means and without force, and are able to find peace and happiness, providing for themselves, and are even able to cultivate fields of merit with Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas. Among these three types of people, the first is called a 'lower person', the second a 'middle person', and the third a 'superior person'. There are also three types of people: the first type of person eats greedily, loves and indulges in gluttony, even becoming addicted to it, failing to see the faults, and lacking moderation. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
出离。二者有人。思择而食不染不着亦不饕餮。吞吸迷闷坚住耽湎。深见过患善知出离。而于此食未断未知。三者有人。思择而食不生贪染。广说乃至深见过患善知出离。又于此食已断已知。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。复依施物说有三人。一者有人。所施之物但具妙香不具美妙味之与触。二者有人。所施之物具妙香味而无妙触。三者有人所施之物具足美妙香味与触。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。 又依施田说有三人。一者有人。于爱于恩而行惠施。二者有人。于贫苦田而行惠施。三者有人。于具功德最胜福田而行惠施。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。复有差别。施于所爱名为下士。施于有恩名为中士。施于贫苦具德胜田名为上士。 又依施心说有三人。一者有人。将欲惠施先心欢喜。正惠施时心不清净。惠施已后寻复追悔。二者有人。先心欢喜。施时心净。施已追悔。三者有人先心欢喜。施时心净。施已无悔。初名下士。次名中士。后名上士。 复于受持戒福业事建立三人。一者有人。但离一分非一切时。常能远离。唯自远离。不劝他离亦不赞美。见同法者心不欢喜是名下士。二者有人。离一切分一切时离。唯自远离不劝他人亦不赞美。见同法者心不欢喜。是名中士。三者有人。一切 现代汉语译本 出离。有三种人。第一种人，经过思考选择食物，但不能做到不被污染、不执着，仍然贪吃，沉迷于吞咽和吸收，心智昏昧，坚固地耽溺其中，虽然深刻地认识到其中的过患，也知道要出离，但是对于这种食物，还没有断除，也没有真正了解。 第二种人，经过思考选择食物，不会生起贪染，（内容同上）深刻地认识到其中的过患，也知道要出离，并且对于这种食物，已经断除，也已经了解。 第三种人，经过思考选择食物，不会生起贪染，（内容同上）深刻地认识到其中的过患，也知道要出离，并且对于这种食物，已经断除，也已经了解。第一种人称为下士，第二种人称为中士，第三种人称为上士。 再根据所施之物，可以分为三种人。第一种人，所施之物只有美好的香味，而没有美好的味道和触感。第二种人，所施之物具有美好的香味和味道，而没有美好的触感。第三种人，所施之物具备美好的香味、味道和触感。第一种人称为下士，第二种人称为中士，第三种人称为上士。 再根据施田（指接受布施的对象）可以分为三种人。第一种人，因为爱或恩情而行布施。第二种人，对贫困痛苦的田地（指贫困的人）而行布施。第三种人，对具有功德的最殊胜的福田（指有德行的人）而行布施。第一种人称为下士，第二种人称为中士，第三种人称为上士。还有一种差别，施舍给所爱的人称为下士，施舍给有恩的人称为中士，施舍给贫困痛苦且具有德行的殊胜福田称为上士。 再根据施舍时的心念，可以分为三种人。第一种人，在将要布施时，内心欢喜，但在真正布施时，心不清净，布施之后，又后悔。第二种人，在布施之前，内心欢喜，布施时，心清净，布施之后，又后悔。第三种人，在布施之前，内心欢喜，布施时，心清净，布施之后，没有后悔。第一种人称为下士，第二种人称为中士，第三种人称为上士。 再根据受持戒律、修福德等行为，可以建立三种人。第一种人，只是在部分时间，远离一部分恶行，而不是在所有时间，远离所有恶行。常常只是自己远离恶行，不劝他人远离，也不赞美远离恶行的人。见到与自己持相同戒律的人，内心不欢喜，这称为下士。第二种人，在所有时间，远离一切恶行。只是自己远离恶行，不劝他人远离，也不赞美远离恶行的人。见到与自己持相同戒律的人，内心不欢喜，这称为中士。第三种人，在一切