English
English version Question: If someone claims they need to be redeemed and refers to the redeemer as their parents or siblings, is it acceptable? Answer: Yes. If the redemption money has been used up, the elder (referring to the redeemer) must not personally possess the redeemed person; they still belong to the redeemed person. If the elder takes possession of the redeemed person themselves, and their relatives are dissatisfied, they commit a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture and confession); if the relatives are satisfied and the redemption money is not repaid, they commit a Pacittiya (minor offense). Question: Is it permissible to beg for food or wealth from a wine seller's house? Is it permissible to speak idly when there is nothing to do? Answer: It is absolutely forbidden to enter a wine seller's house; if one enters, one commits a Pacittiya offense. If there are other entrances, it is permissible to enter. If someone invites a Bhikkhu (monk) to a gathering, one should ask: 'Can you observe the one-day precept?' If they answer: 'Yes,' then give them the precept, and it is permissible to go. If they cannot observe the precept but can guarantee not to sell wine for one day, it is also permissible to go. The same applies to a butcher's house. Question: What offense is committed by encouraging someone to drink alcohol? Answer: Forcibly encouraging someone to drink, if they do not drink, is a Dukkata (minor offense); if they drink, it is a Pacittiya offense. Question: If a Bhikkhu entrusts an item to a lay disciple, and this person does not return it after the agreed time, is it permissible for other Bhikkhus to take it? Answer: It is not permissible to take it. If the person is still alive, the item belongs to them; if the person is dead, the item belongs to the Sangha (monastic community). Question: Is it permissible for a Bhikkhu to walk with a torch at night? Answer: In winter, it is permissible. In summer, using a lamp or candle is also permissible, but carrying a torch is a Pacittiya offense. Question: If an item originally worth one bolt of cloth is sold for five or three bolts of cloth in another place, is it permissible to take it? Answer: It is not permissible; it is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya offense. Question: What offense is committed by taking or giving anything through joking? Answer: All are Nissaggiya Pacittiya offenses. If one does not give and forcibly seizes, it is a Pacittiya offense. Question: Is it permissible for a Bhikkhu to eat food that has already been tasted? Answer: It is not permissible. Knowingly eating it is a Pacittiya offense. The person who tasted the food beforehand also commits a Pacittiya offense. If one does not immediately confess, the offense will increase daily. In the past, there was a Bhikkhu in charge of Sangha affairs who always knew where the Sangha's food was. He would often hold the food container and say: 'Take this, use this.' He did this every day without confessing, and after death, he fell into the realm of hungry ghosts. There was an Arhat (Awakened One), who, while going to the toilet at night, heard a groaning sound. He asked: 'Who are you?' The reply was: 'I am a hungry ghost.' He asked: 'What did you do in your previous life that caused you to fall into the realm of hungry ghosts?' The reply was: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
‘于此寺中为僧执事。’问：‘汝本精进，何由堕饿鬼中？’答：‘持不净饮食与众僧故。’问：‘云何不净？’答：‘众僧有种种器物，见以指柱器，教使取是用是物，犯堕。三说戒不悔，转增乃至重，以是故堕饿鬼中。’两手擘胸裂皮，破肉[口*((甫-、)/寸)]吹𠹀。问：‘何以擘胸？’答：‘虫啖身痛故。’问：‘何以[口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱吹𠹀？’答：‘以口中有虫故。’问：‘何以呻唤？’答：‘饿极欲死故。’问：‘欲食何物？’答：‘意欲食粪而不能得。’问：‘何故不得？’答：‘以诸饿鬼多，见推排不能前。’无著言：‘我知奈何？’鬼言：‘愿众僧见为咒愿。’答：‘可尔。’无著即还向众说，彼人堕饿鬼。众僧问：‘本行精进，何故堕饿鬼中？’答云：‘本以不净饮食与僧而不悔故。愿众僧与彼咒愿。’即为咒愿，便得食粪不复呻唤。以是证故，知大比丘不得以手自造饮食及柱触僧器物。若非僧器、若受得行与僧，无犯。” 问：“师命弟子贩卖作诸非法，得远离师不？”答：“得违舍去。弟子有四因缘应住：一者与法与食、不与衣钵，应住。二者与法与衣钵、不与食，应住。三者与法与衣钵与食，应住。四者与法，不与衣钵、不与食，应住。若师都不与法、不与衣钵 现代汉语译本： ‘在此寺庙中担任僧职。’问：‘你原本精进修行，为何会堕入饿鬼道中？’答：‘因为我将不干净的饮食给予众僧。’问：‘什么是不干净？’答：‘众僧有各种器物，（我）看见（有人）用手指触碰器物，教唆（他人）拿取使用这些物品，犯了堕罪。三次说戒时没有忏悔，罪过逐渐加重乃至严重，因此堕入饿鬼道中。’（饿鬼）用两手撕裂胸膛的皮肤，破开肌肉[口*((甫-、)/寸)]吹𠹀（无法准确翻译，此处保留原文）。问：‘为何要撕裂胸膛？’答：‘因为虫子啃食身体，非常疼痛。’问：‘为何要[口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱吹𠹀（无法准确翻译，此处保留原文）？’答：‘因为口中有虫子。’问：‘为何呻吟呼唤？’答：‘因为饥饿到了极点，快要死了。’问：‘想要吃什么？’答：‘想要吃粪便却不能得到。’问：‘为何不能得到？’答：‘因为饿鬼太多，（我）被推挤无法前进。’无著（Asanga）言：‘我该怎么办？’鬼言：‘希望众僧能为我咒愿。’答：‘可以。’无著立即返回向众僧说，那个人堕入了饿鬼道。众僧问：‘（他）原本修行精进，为何会堕入饿鬼道中？’（无著）回答说：‘（他）原本将不干净的饮食给予僧众而不忏悔。希望众僧为他咒愿。’众僧立即为他咒愿，（饿鬼）便能吃到粪便，不再呻吟呼唤。因为这个缘故，得知大比丘不能用手自己制作饮食，以及用手触碰僧众的器物。如果不是僧众的器物，或者已经接受（布施）可以使用的，给予僧众，就没有罪过。’ 问：‘如果师父命令弟子贩卖（物品）做各种非法的事情，（弟子）可以离开师父吗？’答：‘可以违背（师父的命令）离开。弟子有四种因缘应该留下：（一）师父传授佛法并给予食物，但不给予衣钵（kasaya），应该留下。（二）师父传授佛法并给予衣钵，但不给予食物，应该留下。（三）师父传授佛法并给予衣钵和食物，应该留下。（四）师父传授佛法，但不给予衣钵和食物，应该留下。如果师父完全不传授佛法，不给予衣钵……’
English
English version: 'He is serving as a monk in this temple.' (Asanga) asked: 'You were originally diligent in practice, how did you fall into the realm of hungry ghosts?' He replied: 'Because I gave impure food and drink to the Sangha (community of monks).' (Asanga) asked: 'What is impure?' He replied: 'The Sangha has various utensils. Seeing someone touching the utensils with their fingers, I taught (others) to take and use these things, thus committing an offense. I did not repent during the three recitations of the precepts, and the offense gradually increased to a serious level, which is why I fell into the realm of hungry ghosts.' (The hungry ghost) tore open the skin of his chest with both hands, breaking the flesh and [口*((甫-、)/寸)]吹𠹀 (unable to accurately translate, original text retained here). (Asanga) asked: 'Why do you tear open your chest?' He replied: 'Because worms are eating my body, and it is very painful.' (Asanga) asked: 'Why do you [口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱吹𠹀 (unable to accurately translate, original text retained here)?' He replied: 'Because there are worms in my mouth.' (Asanga) asked: 'Why do you groan and cry out?' He replied: 'Because I am extremely hungry and about to die.' (Asanga) asked: 'What do you want to eat?' He replied: 'I want to eat feces but cannot get it.' (Asanga) asked: 'Why can't you get it?' He replied: 'Because there are too many hungry ghosts, and I am pushed and cannot move forward.' Asanga said: 'What should I do?' The ghost said: 'I hope the Sangha can chant blessings for me.' (Asanga) replied: 'Okay.' Asanga immediately returned and told the Sangha that person had fallen into the realm of hungry ghosts. The Sangha asked: 'He was originally diligent in practice, why did he fall into the realm of hungry ghosts?' (Asanga) replied: 'He originally gave impure food and drink to the Sangha without repenting. I hope the Sangha will chant blessings for him.' The Sangha immediately chanted blessings for him, and (the hungry ghost) was able to eat feces and no longer groaned and cried out. Because of this evidence, it is known that a Bhiksu (fully ordained monk) should not make food and drink with his own hands, nor touch the utensils of the Sangha with his hands. If it is not the Sangha's utensil, or if it has been received (as alms) and can be used, giving it to the Sangha is not an offense.' Question: 'If the teacher orders the disciple to sell (goods) and do various illegal things, can (the disciple) leave the teacher?' Answer: 'He can disobey (the teacher's orders) and leave. A disciple should stay for four reasons: (1) The teacher teaches the Dharma (Buddhist teachings) and gives food, but does not give a kasaya (monk's robe), he should stay. (2) The teacher teaches the Dharma and gives a kasaya, but does not give food, he should stay. (3) The teacher teaches the Dharma and gives a kasaya and food, he should stay. (4) The teacher teaches the Dharma, but does not give a kasaya or food, he should stay. If the teacher does not teach the Dharma at all, does not give a kasaya...' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 食，法应去。”
Chinese
问：“夫净，何者须净？净有几事？”答：“果菜须刀手火净，唯谷米须火净。果已净，食子无苦。” 问：“礼拜得着靴履鞋不？”答：“净洁者得。” 问：“比丘畜奴牛驴马，犯何事？”答：“犯舍堕。不悔转增如上。” 问：“比丘教他贩卖，犯何事？”答：“犯舍堕。” 问：“画作幡华卖得物，犯何事？”答：“犯舍堕。” 问：“白衣投比丘为道，未度，得食僧食不？”答：“白僧得，不白犯堕。” 问：“比丘为僧乞食在道路，己身得食众僧食不？”答：“若去时先白僧，僧听，得。若去时不白，还白听，亦得。若不听，还偿。若不偿，计钱直犯重。” 问：“若他人持食具寄屋中经宿，有犯不？”答：“不犯。” 问：“续明油一升二升得着自房中不？”答：“得。” 问：“药酒得着自房中不？”答：“病得七日。” 问：“都不用杨枝，有犯不？”答：“犯堕。” 问：“未晓，得杨枝不？”答：“明星出后得，用犯堕。” 问：“中食后口得用杨枝不？”答：“得用，若不用纯灰皂荚。计都不用，犯堕。过中亦犯堕。中后除药，一切草木有形之味不得入口，犯堕。” 问：“若无 现代汉语译本： 问：‘食物，在佛法上应该如何处理？’ 答：‘关于洁净，什么需要洁净？洁净有几种方式？’答：‘水果蔬菜需要刀、手和火来洁净，只有谷物米饭需要用火洁净。水果已经洁净，食用果核就没有罪过。’ 问：‘礼拜时可以穿着靴子和鞋子吗？’答：‘干净的就可以。’ 问：‘比丘蓄养奴仆、牛、驴、马，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯舍堕罪（Nissaggiya Pacittiya，一种需要舍弃物品并忏悔的罪）。不忏悔会像之前一样罪过加重。’ 问：‘比丘教他人贩卖东西，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘画幡和花去卖，得到财物，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘在家居士投靠比丘修行，但还没有正式出家，可以吃僧众的食物吗？’答：‘禀告僧众就可以吃，不禀告就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘为僧众乞食在路上，自己可以吃为僧众乞来的食物吗？’答：‘如果去的时候先禀告僧众，僧众允许，就可以吃。如果去的时候没有禀告，回来禀告并得到允许，也可以吃。如果不允许，就要偿还。如果不偿还，按照钱的价值计算，犯重罪。’ 问：‘如果他人把食物器具寄放在屋子里过夜，有没有犯戒？’答：‘不犯戒。’ 问：‘可以把一升两升的续命油放在自己的房间里吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘药酒可以放在自己的房间里吗？’答：‘生病时可以放七天。’ 问：‘完全不用杨枝（牙刷），有没有犯戒？’答：‘犯堕罪。’ 问：‘天还没亮，可以用杨枝吗？’答：‘明星（启明星）出现后可以用，用了就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘中午饭后，可以用杨枝清洁牙齿吗？’答：‘可以用，如果不用杨枝，就用纯灰或皂荚。如果这些都不用，就犯堕罪。过了中午也犯堕罪。中午之后，除了药物，一切有形有味的草木都不能入口，否则犯堕罪。’ 问：‘如果没有……’
English
English version: Question: 'Food, how should it be treated according to the Dharma?' Answer: 'Regarding purity, what needs to be purified? How many ways are there to purify?' Answer: 'Fruits and vegetables need to be purified by knife, hand, and fire; only grains and rice need to be purified by fire. If the fruit is already clean, there is no offense in eating the seed.' Question: 'Is it permissible to wear boots and shoes while prostrating?' Answer: 'If they are clean, it is permissible.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu keeps slaves, cows, donkeys, or horses, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'He commits a Nissaggiya Pacittiya offense (an offense that requires relinquishment and confession). Failure to repent will increase the offense as before.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu teaches others to trade, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'He commits a Nissaggiya Pacittiya offense.' Question: 'If one paints banners and flowers to sell and obtains goods, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'He commits a Nissaggiya Pacittiya offense.' Question: 'If a layperson relies on a Bhikkhu for practice but has not yet been ordained, can he eat the Sangha's food?' Answer: 'He can eat if he informs the Sangha; if he does not inform, he commits a Pacittiya offense.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu begs for food for the Sangha on the road, can he eat the food begged for the Sangha himself?' Answer: 'If he informs the Sangha before going and the Sangha allows it, he can eat. If he does not inform before going, but informs upon returning and receives permission, he can also eat. If permission is not granted, he must repay. If he does not repay, he commits a serious offense based on the value of the money.' Question: 'If someone leaves food utensils in a room overnight, is there an offense?' Answer: 'There is no offense.' Question: 'Is it permissible to keep one or two pints of lamp oil in one's room?' Answer: 'It is permissible.' Question: 'Is it permissible to keep medicinal wine in one's room?' Answer: 'It is permissible for seven days when sick.' Question: 'Is there an offense if one does not use a tooth stick (twig toothbrush) at all?' Answer: 'One commits a Pacittiya offense.' Question: 'Is it permissible to use a tooth stick before dawn?' Answer: 'It is permissible after the morning star appears; using it before incurs a Pacittiya offense.' Question: 'Is it permissible to use a tooth stick after the midday meal?' Answer: 'It is permissible to use it, or pure ash or soapberry if not using a tooth stick. If none of these are used, one commits a Pacittiya offense. It is also a Pacittiya offense after midday. After midday, except for medicine, all plants and trees with tangible flavors are not allowed to enter the mouth, otherwise a Pacittiya offense is committed.' Question: 'If there is no...' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 杨枝，口得用一切余木不？”答：“尽得。”