English
English version Question: 'When a teacher, disciple, parents, or siblings die, is it permissible to cry?' Answer: 'It is not permissible. Raising one's voice in crying incurs a Patita (a type of transgression). One may only weep and shed tears quietly.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is present at the time of death but not at the time of Karma (Karma, referring to action driven by intention which leads to future consequences); or if he is not present at the time of death but is present at the time of Karma, should each receive a share (of possessions)?' Answer: 'Only after the Karma is completed can they receive a share. If present at the time of death but not at the time of Karma, they may not receive a share.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu dies, and people later buy a coffin and clothes for burial, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'Report to the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community). The Sangha should cover (the body) with Nirvana Sangha (Nirvana Sangha, referring to the Sangha of deceased monks) and Sanghati (Sanghati, a type of robe worn by monks), and all the rest belongs to the Sangha; nothing should be buried. Burying more than five coins incurs a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture). If it is a disciple's personal property, it is permissible. If the deceased did not understand the Dharma (Buddhist teachings) and gave their share (for funeral expenses), there is no offense.' Question: 'When parents or relatives die, can a Bhikkhu help with clothing, coffins, and burial?' Answer: 'None of that is permissible. If parents die, or if they are sick and no one is providing for them, one may beg for food and give them half. If one can do small tasks like spinning or weaving, one should not give them food; giving food incurs a Patita, giving clothes incurs a Nissaggiya Pacittiya. How much more so with coffins and burial!' Question: 'When a sick person dies, and the Kashaya (Kashaya, referring to robes and alms bowl, essential items for monks) is given to the caretaker before Karma is performed, and the caretaker sells the Kashaya to buy food to offer to the Sangha, can the Sangha eat it?' Answer: 'If the Sangha eats it before Karma is performed, the Sangha incurs a Nissaggiya Pacittiya. If the caretaker did not understand the Dharma and has already performed Karma, they may eat it. If it has not been done, the Sangha should handle it according to the Dharma.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu borrows something from someone, and that person dies, can he take it back himself?' Answer: 'He cannot take anything back himself. Taking it back himself incurs a Dukkata (Dukkata, a minor offense). He should report to the Sangha, and the Sangha must agree before he can take it back. If the Sangha does not agree, (taking it privately) incurs a Patita.' Question: 'Can a Bhikkhu build a Stupa (Buddhist monument) for a deceased teacher?' Answer: 'With his own possessions, he can; he cannot build it with the teacher's possessions.' Question: 'Can a Bhikkhu pay respects at the tomb of his teacher?' Answer: 'He can. Someone objects: ‘When (the teacher) was alive, he was my teacher; now that he is dead, he is no longer a Bhikkhu, only dry bones remain. How can I pay respects to him?’' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
耶？’答：‘佛在世应供养恭敬，般泥洹后亦是枯骨而已，何以故供养耶？师生以法益人，死后敬礼，有何过也！’” 问：“分物时羯磨已讫，更有僧来，应得分不？”答：“若三羯磨讫，不与无咎。若及后一羯磨者，犹故得分。” 次问三衣事品第十一 问：“三衣浣，要须舍不？”答：“须舍。若不舍犯堕。当施人，人还乃得更受。” 问：“三衣尽得徐成不？”答：“大衣得，中衣小衣不得。” 问：“小衣得着烧香上讲不？”答：“无中衣得。若不近身，净洁亦得。” 问：“浣衣出帛，得用米𥹩不？”答：“不得，犯堕。” 问：“三衣应施里不？”答：“里施不施皆得。” 问：“大衣得着上讲亦得礼拜不？”答：“无中衣得。” 问：“三衣得用生绢作不？”答：“一切绢衣，不见身者得着。” 问：“比丘瞋忿自坏衣钵锡杖，犯何事？”答：“瞋恼自坏三衣钵，犯舍堕。坏锡杖，犯堕。坏他物，计钱犯事。” 问：“三衣得借人不？”答：“不得出界经宿，若同界内不限日数。” 问：“入聚落中不着大衣，犯何事？”答：“着肩上去不犯。若僧使、或为病人，不持去皆不犯。” 问：“三衣破补便得受。须复 现代汉语译本 问：‘佛陀在世时应该供养恭敬，但佛陀涅槃（Banniehuan，指佛陀的逝世）后也只是枯骨而已，为什么还要供养呢？’答：‘师父活着时用佛法利益他人，去世后我们尊敬礼拜他，有什么过错呢！’ 问：‘分发物品时，羯磨（Jiemo，指僧团的议事程序）已经结束，这时又有僧人来，应该分给他吗？’答：‘如果三次羯磨都已经结束，不分给他没有罪过。如果赶上最后一次羯磨，还是应该分给他。’ 次问三衣事品第十一 问：‘洗三衣时，需要舍弃吗？’答：‘需要舍弃。如果不舍弃就犯堕罪（Duozui，佛教戒律中的一种罪名）。应当施舍给别人，别人再还回来才能重新接受。’ 问：‘三衣都可以慢慢地做成吗？’答：‘大衣可以，中衣和小衣不可以。’ 问：‘小衣可以穿着去烧香或者上讲堂吗？’答：‘没有中衣时可以。如果不贴身穿，保持干净也可以。’ 问：‘洗衣服时取出的布帛，可以用米糊浆洗吗？’答：‘不可以，犯堕罪。’ 问：‘三衣应该在寺院里施舍吗？’答：‘在寺院里施舍或不施舍都可以。’ 问：‘大衣可以穿着上讲堂或者礼拜吗？’答：‘没有中衣时可以。’ 问：‘三衣可以用生绢制作吗？’答：‘一切绢衣，不直接接触身体的就可以穿。’ 问：‘比丘（Biqiu，指男性出家人）因嗔恨恼怒而自己毁坏衣、钵（Bo，指僧人使用的食器）、锡杖（Xizhang，指僧人所持的手杖），犯什么戒？’答：‘因嗔恼而自己毁坏三衣和钵，犯舍堕罪（Shedaozui，佛教戒律中的一种罪名）。毁坏锡杖，犯堕罪。毁坏他人的物品，按照价值计算所犯罪行。’ 问：‘三衣可以借给别人吗？’答：‘不可以带出界外过夜，如果在同一界内不限制天数。’ 问：‘进入村落中不穿大衣，犯什么戒？’答：‘搭在肩膀上就不犯戒。如果是僧团的使者，或者为了病人，不带大衣去都不犯戒。’ 问：‘三衣破了修补好就可以接受吗？需要重新……’
English
English version Question: 'When the Buddha was alive, we should offer and respect him. But after the Buddha's Parinirvana (Banniehuan, referring to the Buddha's passing), he is just dry bones. Why should we still make offerings?' Answer: 'When a teacher is alive, he benefits others with the Dharma. After he passes away, we respect and pay homage to him. What is wrong with that!' Question: 'When distributing items, if the Karma (Jiemo, referring to the Sangha's deliberation procedure) is already completed, and another monk arrives, should he be given a share?' Answer: 'If the three Karmas are completed, there is no fault in not giving him a share. If he arrives during the last Karma, he should still be given a share.' Next question: Chapter Eleven on the Matters Concerning the Three Robes Question: 'When washing the three robes, is it necessary to relinquish them?' Answer: 'It is necessary to relinquish them. If you do not relinquish them, you commit a Patayantika offense (Duozui, a type of offense in Buddhist precepts). You should give them to someone else, and only when that person returns them can you receive them again.' Question: 'Can the three robes be made slowly over time?' Answer: 'The Sanghati (large robe) can, but the Uttarasanga (middle robe) and Antarvasaka (inner robe) cannot.' Question: 'Can the Antarvasaka be worn when burning incense or going to the lecture hall?' Answer: 'It can be if you don't have the Uttarasanga. If it is not worn close to the body and is clean, it is also acceptable.' Question: 'Can rice paste be used to starch the cloth taken out when washing robes?' Answer: 'No, it is a Patayantika offense.' Question: 'Should the three robes be given away within the monastery?' Answer: 'Giving them away or not giving them away within the monastery is acceptable.' Question: 'Can the Sanghati be worn when going to the lecture hall or performing prostrations?' Answer: 'It can be if you don't have the Uttarasanga.' Question: 'Can the three robes be made of raw silk?' Answer: 'Any silk robe that does not directly touch the body can be worn.' Question: 'What offense does a Bhikkhu (Biqiu, referring to a male monastic) commit if he destroys his robes, bowl (Bo, referring to a monk's eating utensil), and staff (Xizhang, referring to a monk's staff) out of anger?' Answer: 'Destroying one's own three robes and bowl out of anger is a Nissaggiya Pacittiya offense (Shedaozui, a type of offense in Buddhist precepts). Destroying the staff is a Patayantika offense. Destroying another person's property is an offense calculated according to the value of the item.' Question: 'Can the three robes be lent to others?' Answer: 'They cannot be taken outside the boundary overnight. Within the same boundary, there is no limit to the number of days.' Question: 'What offense is committed if one enters a village without wearing the Sanghati?' Answer: 'If it is draped over the shoulder, no offense is committed. If one is a messenger of the Sangha or is going to help a sick person, not taking the robe is not an offense.' Question: 'If the three robes are torn and repaired, can they be accepted? Do they need to be re-…' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
施他人耶？”答：“破容猫子脚，便应施人，人还乃得补受。若先补后施人亦得。” 问钵事品第十二 问：“钵云何失？”答：“若缘缺、若穿穴、若破裂、若油不舍，尽是失。缘缺穿穴，不可复持。裂者缀已施人，人还更受。油不舍亦尔。若弃出界经宿不失。” 问：“钵得覆着壁上不？”答：“若巾裹得令净处，若囊盛悬壁好，不得覆着壁上。六群比丘覆钵壁上，堕地即破。佛因此制戒，自今以后不得覆钵壁上。覆钵壁上者犯堕，堕地破犯舍堕。” 问：“早起得用钵食。不用有何咎耶？”“一切食皆应用钵。若一日都不用钵，犯堕。” 问：“比丘食饭欲尽，得侧钵刮取饭不？”答：“得。” 问：“食饭已讫更啖余果，手得离钵不？”答：“得。若食未讫亦得暂离。” 问：“比丘食钵要当擎，亦得放地耶？”答：“要当擎。若有必缘，放地无犯。” 问：“比丘以器盛饭停着钵中，得了用钵食不？”答：“不得，犯堕。” 问：“钵得借人不？”答：“得，除自食。” 问：“钵得炊作食不？”答：“不舍炊，舍堕。” 问杂事品第十三 问：“比丘或被劫盗物，未出界，主见本物，不知谁盗，得取不？”答：“得取。即同 现代汉语译本 问：‘是施舍给他人吗？’答：‘如果（钵的）边缘缺损，或者有穿孔，就应该施舍给他人，（施舍后）可以再接受（新的钵）来补上。如果先补好（钵）再施舍给他人也可以。’ 问钵事品第十二 问：‘钵如何会失去？’答：‘如果边缘缺损、有穿孔、有破裂、或者油污不去除，都算是失去（钵）。边缘缺损和有穿孔的，不能再继续使用。破裂的，缝补好后可以施舍给他人，（施舍后）可以再接受（新的钵）。油污不去除也是一样。如果丢弃在界外过夜，不算失去（钵）。’ 问：‘钵可以倒扣着放在墙上吗？’答：‘如果用布包裹着，放在干净的地方，或者用袋子装着悬挂在墙上是可以的，不可以倒扣着放在墙上。六群比丘（Lucchaka bhikkhus）倒扣钵在墙上，掉在地上就破了。佛陀因此制定戒律，从今以后不可以倒扣钵在墙上。倒扣钵在墙上就犯堕罪（Patayantika），掉在地上破了就犯舍堕罪（Nissaggiya Pacittiya）。’ 问：‘早上可以不用钵吃饭吗？不用钵有什么过失吗？’‘所有的食物都应该用钵。如果有一天完全不用钵，就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhikkhu）吃饭快吃完的时候，可以侧着钵刮取饭吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘吃完饭后要吃其他水果，手可以离开钵吗？’答：‘可以。如果饭还没吃完，也可以暂时离开。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhikkhu）吃饭时一定要拿着钵，还是可以放在地上？’答：‘一定要拿着。如果有必要的原因，放在地上没有罪。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhikkhu）用容器盛饭，然后放在钵中，可以用钵吃饭吗？’答：‘不可以，犯堕罪。’ 问：‘钵可以借给别人吗？’答：‘可以，除了自己吃饭的时候。’ 问：‘钵可以用来煮饭吗？’答：‘如果不舍弃（钵），就犯舍堕罪。’ 问杂事品第十三 问：‘比丘（Bhikkhu）如果被抢劫财物，还没出（村）界，失主看见自己的东西，但不知道是谁偷的，可以拿回来吗？’答：‘可以拿回来。’