English
English version Answer: 'One gets food by striking the ghaṇṭā (ghaṇṭā: a percussion instrument, like a gong or bell), and commits theft by not striking it.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu (Bhikkhu: a Buddhist monk) shares food and takes another's portion, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If permission is asked, there is no offense. Eating without permission incurs a Pācittiya (Pācittiya: an offense requiring expiation). Eating without asking also incurs a Pācittiya. The reason it is not considered theft is because everyone receives food relying on alms given with raised hands.' Question: 'When a Bhikkhu begs for alms, and the person in front asks if he is a good Bhikkhu, what offense is committed if he answers yes and receives something?' Answer: 'If he is truly good and says so, it incurs a Pācittiya. If he is not good and says so, it incurs a Nissaggiya Pācittiya (Nissaggiya Pācittiya: an offense involving forfeiture).' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu gives away all his long-term possessions, saying, 'I will take them back when I need them later,' is this permissible?' Answer: 'It is permissible to give to a trustworthy person, and then tell another person, 'I have given my possessions to so-and-so Bhikkhu.' If he wants to take them back, he must inform them first; he cannot take them back without permission.' Question: Chapter 9 on Matters of Sickness Question: 'Is a Bhikkhu allowed to eat without using a bowl when sick?' Answer: 'In cases of severe illness, it is allowed; in cases of minor illness, it is not allowed.' Question: 'What offense does a Bhikkhu commit if he is sick and does not carry his Tricīvara (Tricīvara: the three robes of a monk)?' Answer: 'If he is in great distress and unconscious, it is permissible; if he is conscious, it is not permissible.' Question: 'What offense does a caretaker commit if he does not inform the sick person and secretly uses money to make clothes, food, or medicine for other sick people?' Answer: 'If he uses more than five coins, it incurs a Nissaggiya Pācittiya. If he informs the sick person later and the sick person is happy, there is no offense. If the sick person is angry and dissatisfied, it also incurs a Nissaggiya Pācittiya if no compensation is made.' Question: 'If the host provides one hundred coins daily for a sick person, and fifty coins are sufficient, can the remaining coins be used to make food or medicine for other sick people?' Answer: 'If the sick person gives it himself, it is permissible.' Question: 'If a sick Bhikkhu has no one to care for him, is it permissible for other Bhikkhus to make food for him?' Answer: 'In remote, uninhabited places like mountains and marshes, and if they do not travel back and forth during midday, they can make food for seven days. They must first prepare clean firewood and rice, receive it, and then make the food.' Question: 'If a sick person needs one or two pints of wine to take with medicine, is it permissible to give it?' Answer: 'If the doctor says it will definitely cure the illness, it is permissible to mix the wine with the medicine and take it, but it is not permissible to drink it directly.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
问：“比丘病，得服气不？”答：“不得，以同外道故。” 问：“比丘肿病，得使人唾吮不？”答：“不得。” 问：“比丘病困，或阙衣钵施众，或卖用作福，犯何事？”答：“若更得弊故即受得，无者犯舍堕。” 问比丘死亡事品第十 问：“亡比丘物，都不打揵椎不羯磨而分，犯何事？”答：“界里十人以上，尽得打揵椎而羯磨。若不打揵椎而羯磨、若打揵椎而不羯磨，尽犯弃。所以尔者，一切亡比丘物尽属四方僧故，不得辄分。若界外五人以上，得羯磨分。不须打揵椎，以无界故。四人以下不得羯磨分，若分犯弃。当赍诣僧中，若自取赍去至异众，初入界不犯，出则犯弃。如是复至余众，一出界一犯弃。弟子持师物去亦尔。” 问：“比丘亡，弟子不持师物与众，辄自分处供养僧。僧可食不？”答：“其弟子先知法者，有罪。僧不打揵椎不羯磨而食，犯舍堕。” 问：“若师亡，僧羯磨分物，弟子应得分不？”答：“应得，即是僧故。” 问：“若师亡，更无余僧，唯有弟子或五或十。得羯磨分物不？”答：“得分。即是僧故得分。要打揵椎羯磨，不尔不得。” 问：“病者无常。供病余物，得与余病者不？”答：“此是僧物，不得辄余。直五钱犯弃。 现代汉语译本 问：‘比丘（bhiksu，佛教出家男众）生病，可以服用气（指通过特定方法摄取自然之气以疗病）吗？’答：‘不可以，因为这和外道（tirthika，指佛教以外的其他宗教或哲学派别）的做法相同。’ 问：‘比丘（bhiksu）得了肿胀的疾病，可以让人用唾液吮吸患处吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘比丘（bhiksu）病重，或者缺少衣钵（cīvara and pātra，比丘的必需品），施舍给大众，或者卖掉用来做功德，犯什么戒？’答：‘如果还能得到破旧的衣钵就可以接受，如果没有，就犯舍堕（nissaggiya pācittiya，一种戒律，指因持有不该持有的物品而犯的戒，需要舍弃该物品并忏悔）。’ 问比丘死亡事品第十 问：‘亡故比丘（bhiksu）的遗物，不敲犍椎（ghanta，寺院中用于集众的法器）也不羯磨（kamma，僧团的会议和决议程序）就进行分配，犯什么戒？’答：‘在寺院的界限内，十人以上，都可以敲犍椎并进行羯磨。如果不敲犍椎就进行羯磨，或者敲了犍椎而不进行羯磨，都犯弃（pārājika，最重的戒律，犯者会被逐出僧团）。之所以这样，是因为一切亡故比丘（bhiksu）的遗物都属于四方僧（cātuddisa sangha，指来自四面八方的僧团），不得擅自瓜分。如果在寺院界限外，五人以上，可以进行羯磨分配。不需要敲犍椎，因为没有界限的限制。四人以下不得进行羯磨分配，如果分配就犯弃（pārājika）。应当带到僧团中，如果自己拿走带到其他僧团，刚进入该僧团的界限不犯戒，离开则犯弃（pārājika）。像这样再次带到其他僧团，每离开一个界限就犯一次弃（pārājika）。弟子拿走师父的遗物也是一样。’ 问：‘比丘（bhiksu）亡故，弟子不把师父的遗物交给僧团，擅自进行分配，用来供养僧众。僧众可以食用吗？’答：‘如果弟子事先知道戒律，就有罪。僧众不敲犍椎（ghanta）不羯磨（kamma）就食用，犯舍堕（nissaggiya pācittiya）。’ 问：‘如果师父亡故，僧团羯磨（kamma）分配遗物，弟子应该得到一份吗？’答：‘应该得到，因为他也是僧团的一员。’ 问：‘如果师父亡故，没有其他僧人，只有弟子五人或十人。可以羯磨（kamma）分配遗物吗？’答：‘可以分配。因为他们就是僧团，所以可以分配。一定要敲犍椎（ghanta）进行羯磨（kamma），不这样做就不行。’ 问：‘病人去世。供养病人的剩余物品，可以给其他病人吗？’答：‘这是僧团的物品，不得擅自给予。价值超过五钱就犯弃（pārājika）。’
English
English version Question: 'Is a bhiksu (Buddhist monk) who is ill allowed to take qi (referring to absorbing natural energy through specific methods for healing)?' Answer: 'No, because it is the same as the practice of tirthikas (non-Buddhist ascetics or philosophers).' Question: 'Is a bhiksu (monk) suffering from a swelling disease allowed to have someone suck the affected area with saliva?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If a bhiksu (monk) is seriously ill, or lacks robes and alms bowl (cīvara and pātra, essential items for a monk), and donates them to the community, or sells them to make merit, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If he can obtain old and worn robes and alms bowl, he may accept them. If not, he commits a nissaggiya pācittiya (an offense involving forfeiture, requiring the relinquishment of the item and confession).' Question on the Tenth Section Concerning the Death of Bhiksus Question: 'If a deceased bhiksu's (monk) belongings are distributed without striking the ghanta (a bell used to summon the monastic community) or performing a kamma (formal act of the Sangha), what offense is committed?' Answer: 'Within the boundary of the monastery, if there are ten or more people, they must strike the ghanta and perform the kamma. If they perform the kamma without striking the ghanta, or strike the ghanta without performing the kamma, they all commit pārājika (the most severe offense, leading to expulsion from the Sangha). The reason is that all the belongings of a deceased bhiksu (monk) belong to the Sangha of the four directions (cātuddisa sangha, the monastic community from all directions), and cannot be divided arbitrarily. If outside the monastery boundary, five or more people may perform the kamma for distribution. There is no need to strike the ghanta, as there is no boundary restriction. If there are four or fewer people, they cannot perform the kamma for distribution; if they distribute, they commit pārājika. They should bring the belongings to the Sangha. If they take them to another Sangha, they do not commit an offense upon entering the boundary, but they commit pārājika upon leaving. It is the same if they go to yet another Sangha, committing pārājika each time they leave a boundary. It is also the same if a disciple takes the belongings of his teacher.' Question: 'If a bhiksu (monk) dies, and the disciple does not give the teacher's belongings to the Sangha but distributes them himself to support the Sangha, is it permissible for the Sangha to consume them?' Answer: 'If the disciple knows the Dharma beforehand, he is guilty. If the Sangha consumes them without striking the ghanta (bell) or performing the kamma (formal act), they commit a nissaggiya pācittiya (an offense involving forfeiture).' Question: 'If a teacher dies and the Sangha performs the kamma (formal act) to distribute the belongings, should the disciple receive a share?' Answer: 'He should receive a share, because he is also a member of the Sangha.' Question: 'If a teacher dies and there are no other monks, only five or ten disciples, can they perform the kamma (formal act) to distribute the belongings?' Answer: 'They can distribute. Because they are the Sangha, they can distribute. They must strike the ghanta (bell) and perform the kamma (formal act); otherwise, they cannot.' Question: 'A sick person dies. Can the remaining items used for the sick person be given to other sick people?' Answer: 'These are the belongings of the Sangha and cannot be given arbitrarily. If the value exceeds five coins, it is a pārājika (the most severe offense).' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ”
Chinese
问：“师徒父母兄弟死，得哭不？”答：“不得，一举声犯堕。正可小小泣泪而已。” 问：“或比丘、死时在、羯磨时不在，或死时不在、羯磨时在，各应得分不？”答：“及羯磨尽得。死时在、羯磨时不在，不得。” 问：“比丘死，后人与买棺木衣服葬埋与者，犯何事？”答：“白僧。僧与泥洹僧僧祇支自覆，自余尽入僧物，一切不得埋。埋满五钱，犯弃。若弟子私物得。若亡者不知法，以自分处与者无罪。” 问：“父母诸亲死，比丘得与办衣棺木埋不？”答：“都不得。若父母亡者、若病无人供养，得与乞食与半。若自能小小纺绩综事，不得与食，与食犯堕，与衣犯舍堕。况复棺木葬埋耶！” 问：“病者无常，衣钵先与看病者竟不羯磨，看病者卖为饭僧，僧得食不？”答：“众未羯磨食，众犯舍堕。若看病者不知法，已作羯磨得食。若未作，众当语法。” 问：“比丘借人物，前人死，得还自取不？”答：“一切不得。还自取，犯突吉罗。白众，众还得取。若众不与，犯堕。” 问：“比丘得为亡师起塔不？”答：“自物得，用师物作不得。” 问：“比丘得向师冢作礼不？”答：“得。难曰：‘生是我师，已死尚非比丘，唯枯骨而已。何由向礼 现代汉语译本 问：‘师父、徒弟、父母、兄弟去世，可以哭吗？’答：‘不可以，大声哭泣就犯堕罪。只能小声啜泣流泪。’ 问：‘如果比丘去世时在场，但羯磨（Karma，佛教术语，指业力或行为）时不在场；或者去世时不在场，但羯磨时在场，各自应该分得（财物）吗？’答：‘等到羯磨结束才能分得。去世时在场，但羯磨时不在场，不得分得。’ 问：‘比丘去世后，后人为其购买棺木、衣服并安葬，这样做的人犯什么戒？’答：‘应该禀告僧团。僧团应该用泥洹僧（Nirvana Sangha，指涅槃僧伽，即已故僧侣的僧团）和僧祇支（Sanghati，僧伽梨，一种僧侣的袈裟）覆盖（遗体），其余的都归僧团所有，一切都不得埋葬。埋葬超过五钱，犯舍堕罪。如果是弟子的私人物品则可以。如果死者不懂佛法，以自己的份额给予（丧葬费用），则没有罪。’ 问：‘父母或亲属去世，比丘可以帮忙办理衣物、棺木和埋葬事宜吗？’答：‘都不可以。如果父母去世，或者生病无人供养，可以乞食供养一半。如果自己能做些纺织等杂事，就不得给他们食物，给食物犯堕罪，给衣服犯舍堕罪。更何况是棺木和埋葬呢！’ 问：‘病人去世，衣钵（Kashaya，指袈裟和钵盂，是僧侣的必需品）先给了照顾病人的人，但没有进行羯磨，照顾病人的人把衣钵卖掉换饭供养僧众，僧众可以吃吗？’答：‘僧众在没有进行羯磨之前就吃了，僧众犯舍堕罪。如果照顾病人的人不懂佛法，已经做了羯磨就可以吃。如果还没做，僧众应该按照佛法处理。’ 问：‘比丘借了别人的东西，那人去世了，可以自己拿回来吗？’答：‘一切都不能自己拿回来。自己拿回来，犯突吉罗（Dukkata，一种轻微的罪过）。应该禀告僧众，僧众同意才能拿回来。如果僧众不同意，（私自拿取）就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘可以为去世的师父建造佛塔吗？’答：‘用自己的东西可以，用师父的东西建造不可以。’ 问：‘比丘可以向师父的坟墓作礼吗？’答：‘可以。有人质疑说：‘（师父）活着的时候是我的师父，已经死了就不是比丘了，只剩下枯骨而已。怎么能向他作礼呢？’