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大正藏第 24 册 No. 1483a 佛说目连问戒律中五百轻重事 No. 1483 佛说目连问戒律中五百轻重事 失译人名今附东晋录 五篇事品第一 如是我闻： 一时佛住王舍城迦兰陀竹园。是时目连从坐而起，白佛言：“世尊！我今欲有所问。唯愿世尊为我演说。”佛言：“善哉！汝所问者，能大利益无量众生。恣汝所问。” 目连白佛言：“世尊！末世比丘，轻慢佛语犯众学戒，杂用三宝物，当堕何处？”尔时佛告目连：“谛听谛听，当为汝说。若比丘，无惭愧，轻慢佛语犯众学戒，如四天王寿五百岁堕泥犁中，于人间数九百千岁。犯波罗提提舍尼，如三十三天寿千岁堕泥犁中，于人间数三亿六十千岁。犯波夜提，如夜摩天寿二千岁堕泥犁中，于人间数二十亿千岁。犯偷兰遮，如兜率天寿四千岁堕泥犁中，于人间数五十亿六十千岁。犯僧伽婆尸沙，如不憍乐天寿八千岁堕泥犁中，于人间数二百三十亿四十千岁。犯波罗夷，如他化自在天寿十六千岁堕泥梨中，于人间数九百二十一亿六十千岁。” 问佛事品第二 问曰：“佛物先在一处，有比丘赍至余处作佛事，犯何事？”答：“犯弃。一切佛物都不得移动。若有事难，众僧尽去， 现代汉语译本 佛说目连问戒律中五百轻重事 No. 1483 佛说目连问戒律中五百轻重事 失译人名今附东晋录 五篇事品第一 如是我闻： 一时，佛住在王舍城（Rājagṛha）的迦兰陀竹园（Kalandaka Venuvana）。当时，目连（Maudgalyāyana）从座位上起身，对佛说：‘世尊！我现在想请问一些问题，希望世尊能为我演说。’佛说：‘很好！你所问的问题，能大大地利益无量众生。随你发问吧。’ 目连对佛说：‘世尊！末世的比丘，轻慢佛的教诲，违犯众学戒，杂用三宝（Triratna）的物品，会堕落到哪里呢？’当时，佛告诉目连：‘仔细听，仔细听，我将为你解说。如果比丘，没有惭愧心，轻慢佛的教诲，违犯众学戒，如同四天王（Cāturmahārājika）的寿命五百岁，死后会堕入泥犁（Naraka）中，相当于人间的九百千岁。违犯波罗提提舍尼（Prāṭideśanīya），如同三十三天（Trāyastriṃśa）的寿命一千岁，死后会堕入泥犁中，相当于人间的三亿六十千岁。违犯波夜提（Pāyantika），如同夜摩天（Yāmadeva）的寿命二千岁，死后会堕入泥犁中，相当于人间的二十亿千岁。违犯偷兰遮（Sthūlātyaya），如同兜率天（Tuṣita）的寿命四千岁，死后会堕入泥犁中，相当于人间的五十亿六十千岁。违犯僧伽婆尸沙（Saṃghāvaśeṣa），如同不憍乐天（Parinirmita-vaśavartin）的寿命八千岁，死后会堕入泥犁中，相当于人间的二百三十亿四十千岁。违犯波罗夷（Pārājika），如同他化自在天（Parinirmita-vaśavartin）的寿命一万六千岁，死后会堕入泥犁中，相当于人间九百二十一亿六十千岁。’ 问佛事品第二 问：‘佛的物品先前放在一个地方，有比丘拿到其他地方去做佛事，犯了什么戒？’答：‘犯了舍堕（Nissaggiya）。一切佛的物品都不得移动。如果遇到困难的情况，众僧都离开，
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English version The Buddha Speaks of Five Hundred Light and Heavy Matters in the Vinaya as Asked by Maudgalyāyana No. 1483 The Buddha Speaks of Five Hundred Light and Heavy Matters in the Vinaya as Asked by Maudgalyāyana Name of Translator Lost, Now Appended to the Eastern Jin Record Chapter One: Matters of the Five Categories Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was staying in the Kalandaka Venuvana (Kalandaka Bamboo Grove) in Rājagṛha (Wangshe City). At that time, Maudgalyāyana (Mùlián) rose from his seat and said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! I now wish to ask some questions. I hope the World Honored One will explain them for me.' The Buddha said: 'Excellent! What you ask can greatly benefit countless beings. Ask whatever you wish.' Maudgalyāyana said to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! In the degenerate age, if a Bhikṣu (monk) disrespects the Buddha's words, violates the Śikṣāpada (precepts of training), and misuses the property of the Triratna (Three Jewels), where will he fall?' At that time, the Buddha told Maudgalyāyana: 'Listen carefully, listen carefully, I will explain it to you. If a Bhikṣu has no shame, disrespects the Buddha's words, and violates the Śikṣāpada, like the Cāturmahārājika (Four Heavenly Kings) whose lifespan is five hundred years, after death, he will fall into Naraka (hell), which is equivalent to nine hundred thousand years in the human realm. Violating Prāṭideśanīya, like the Trāyastriṃśa (Thirty-three Heavens) whose lifespan is one thousand years, after death, he will fall into Naraka, which is equivalent to three hundred and sixty thousand years in the human realm. Violating Pāyantika, like the Yāmadeva (Yama Heaven) whose lifespan is two thousand years, after death, he will fall into Naraka, which is equivalent to twenty billion years in the human realm. Violating Sthūlātyaya, like the Tuṣita (Tushita Heaven) whose lifespan is four thousand years, after death, he will fall into Naraka, which is equivalent to fifty billion and sixty thousand years in the human realm. Violating Saṃghāvaśeṣa, like the Parinirmita-vaśavartin (Heaven of Free Transformation) whose lifespan is eight thousand years, after death, he will fall into Naraka, which is equivalent to two hundred and thirty billion and forty thousand years in the human realm. Violating Pārājika, like the Parinirmita-vaśavartin (Heaven of Free Transformation) whose lifespan is sixteen thousand years, after death, he will fall into Naraka, which is equivalent to nine hundred and twenty-one billion and sixty thousand years in the human realm.' Chapter Two: Questions on Buddha Matters Question: 'If Buddha's property is initially placed in one location, and a Bhikṣu takes it to another location to perform Buddha's affairs, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'The offense of Nissaggiya (forfeiture). All of Buddha's property must not be moved. If there are difficult circumstances, and all the Sangha (community) leaves, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 当白众。若众听，得赍至余处无罪。” 问曰：“佛物得买供养具不？”答：“得。”
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问：“佛物造堂与直，可赁不？”答：“一切佛物，得买不得贷。” 问：“比丘作佛事，得佛奴牛驴马，得借使不？”答：“若知本是佛物，不得；不知，得，以非法得故。” 问：“僧地起塔，用佛物作障拥，拥里可住不？”答：“若知而故入犯堕，不知不犯。若知故住，过三谏，犯决断；过四谏，转犯重。” 问：“先佛堂坏，主人更出私财作堂。用故财施僧，僧得取不？”答：“不得。” 问：“僧地，佛物用作障拥。拥里先有井果菜，可食不？”答：“不得。若是檀越物作佛事，先要以果井菜施僧，得食；不要，不得食。若买，五倍价；若知不买而食，计钱多少皆犯罪。” 问：“佛塔上扫得土，弃之有罪不？”答：“得弃。不得余用也。” 问：“久负佛物云何偿？”“若直偿本物，以佛不出入故，故不加偿。虽尔故入地狱。昔佛般泥洹后，一比丘精进聪明。有一婆罗门见比丘精进聪明，持女施比丘，作比丘尼。比丘即受。其女端正，比丘后生染意，便共生活，用佛法僧物，各一十万钱用衣食之。而此比丘极大聪明，能说法使人得四道果。自思惟罪大深重，便欲偿 现代汉语译本：当时，（如果）告知大众，如果大众同意，可以把（佛物）带到其他地方，没有罪过。 问：‘佛物可以用来购买供养的器具吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘用佛物建造的殿堂，可以出租吗？’答：‘一切佛物，可以买卖，不可以借贷。’ 问：‘比丘做法事，得到佛的奴仆、牛、驴、马，可以借用吗？’答：‘如果知道原本是佛物，不可以；不知道，可以，因为是以非法途径得到的。’ 问：‘在僧伽的土地上建造佛塔，用佛物作为屏障，屏障里面可以居住吗？’答：‘如果明知故犯，会犯堕罪（Dukkata，轻罪），不知则不犯。如果明知故住，经过三次劝谏，犯决断罪（Pacittiya，波逸提罪）；经过四次劝谏，转为犯重罪（Thullaccaya，偷兰遮罪）。’ 问：‘原先的佛堂损坏了，主人另外出资建造佛堂。用原来的（佛堂）财物布施给僧众，僧众可以接受吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘僧伽的土地，用佛物作为屏障。屏障里面原先有井、果树、蔬菜，可以食用吗？’答：‘不可以。如果是檀越（Dānapati，施主）的物品用来做法事，必须先将果树、井、蔬菜布施给僧众，才可以食用；如果没有布施，不可以食用。如果购买，要付五倍的价格；如果明知没有购买而食用，按照钱财的多少都构成犯罪。’ 问：‘从佛塔上扫下来的土，丢弃掉有罪吗？’答：‘可以丢弃。不可以做其他用途。’ 问：‘长期拖欠佛物，应该如何偿还？’‘如果直接偿还原本的物品，因为佛物没有出入，所以不增加偿还。即使这样，仍然会堕入地狱。过去佛陀般涅槃（Parinirvana，圆寂）后，有一位比丘精进聪明。有一位婆罗门（Brahmin）看到这位比丘精进聪明，就把女儿送给这位比丘，让她做比丘尼（Bhikkhuni，女出家人）。比丘就接受了。这位女子容貌端正，比丘后来产生了染污之心，便和她一起生活，用了佛、法、僧的财物，各自十万钱用来衣食。而这位比丘非常聪明，能够说法使人证得四道果（四沙门果）。他自己思惟罪业深重，便想偿还。
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English version: At that time, if (it is) told to the assembly, if the assembly agrees, (the Buddha's property) can be taken to another place without guilt. Question: 'Can Buddha's property be used to buy offerings?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'Can a hall built with Buddha's property be rented out?' Answer: 'All Buddha's property can be bought and sold, but not lent.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu (monk) performs Buddhist rituals and receives Buddha's slaves, oxen, donkeys, and horses, can they be borrowed and used?' Answer: 'If it is known that they were originally Buddha's property, no; if not known, yes, because they were obtained through illegal means.' Question: 'If a stupa (塔，塔) is built on Sangha (僧伽，僧团) land, and Buddha's property is used as a barrier, can one live inside the barrier?' Answer: 'If one knowingly enters, one commits a Dukkata (堕罪，轻罪) offense; if one does not know, one does not commit an offense. If one knowingly lives there, after three admonitions, one commits a Pacittiya (决断罪，波逸提罪) offense; after four admonitions, it becomes a Thullaccaya (重罪，偷兰遮罪) offense.' Question: 'If an old Buddha hall is damaged, and the owner spends private wealth to build a new hall, can the Sangha accept the old hall's property as alms?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If Sangha land is used, and Buddha's property is used as a barrier, and there are wells, fruit trees, and vegetables inside the barrier, can they be eaten?' Answer: 'No. If it is the property of a Dānapati (檀越，施主) used for Buddhist rituals, the fruits, wells, and vegetables must first be given to the Sangha as alms before they can be eaten; if not given, they cannot be eaten. If bought, pay five times the price; if one knowingly eats without buying, one commits an offense according to the amount of money involved.' Question: 'Is there guilt in discarding the soil swept from a stupa?' Answer: 'It can be discarded. It cannot be used for other purposes.' Question: 'How should long-term debts of Buddha's property be repaid?' 'If the original item is directly repaid, because Buddha's property does not go in and out, there is no additional repayment. Even so, one will still fall into hell. In the past, after the Buddha's Parinirvana (般涅槃，圆寂), there was a diligent and intelligent Bhikkhu (比丘，比丘). A Brahmin (婆罗门，婆罗门) saw that the Bhikkhu was diligent and intelligent, and gave his daughter to the Bhikkhu to become a Bhikkhuni (比丘尼，女出家人). The Bhikkhu accepted. The woman was beautiful, and the Bhikkhu later developed impure thoughts and lived with her, using 100,000 coins each of the Buddha's, Dharma's, and Sangha's property for food and clothing. This Bhikkhu was very intelligent and could preach the Dharma, enabling people to attain the four stages of enlightenment (四沙门果). He thought about his heavy sins and wanted to repay. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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之。即诣沙佉国乞，大得钱物。还欲偿之，道路山中为七步蛇所螫。比丘知七步当死，六步里便向弟子处分偿物，遣还本国，言：‘汝偿物已还，我住此待汝。’弟子偿物讫还报之，即起七步便死，堕阿鼻地狱中。初入温暖未至苦热，谓是温室，便大举声经呗咒愿。狱中诸罪人鬼闻经呗者，无数千人得度。狱卒大瞋，便举铁杈打之。命终生三十三天。以此验知，负佛法僧物不可不偿。虽复受罪，故得时出矣。” 问：“佛物出与人，取子自用，有罪不？”答：“与佛物同，体俱犯重。合子与佛，犹故无福，以坏法身而为形故。” 问：“佛图主遣佛奴小儿给比丘，可使不？”答：“不得使，以是佛物故。” 问：“比丘与佛作，得食佛食不？”答：“不得。比丘无客作之理，况复得取佛物衣食用耶！” 问：“白衣与佛作，得佛物，用此物作食请僧。僧得食不？”答：“不得食。” 问：“佛事法事得捉金银钱不？”答：“不得。捉犯舍堕。” 问：“人施佛牛驴马奴，造作佛事法事。可受不？”答：“得受使用，但不得卖。弓刀军器，一不得受。” 问：“人施佛光明室宅，未用，可寄住不？”答：“不得。便是佛物故。” 问：“续佛光明，昼可灭不？”答： 现代汉语译本： 之后，他立即前往沙佉国（Śākya，古代印度的一个国家）乞讨，获得了大量的钱财。在返回偿还的路上，他在山中被七步蛇咬伤。这位比丘知道自己七步之内必死，于是在走了六步之后，便向弟子交代偿还财物的事宜，让他返回本国，说：‘你偿还财物后回来，我在这里等你。’弟子偿还财物完毕回来禀报，他刚走了第七步就死了，堕入阿鼻地狱（Avīci，佛教中最底层的地狱）中。刚进入地狱时，因为还未感受到极度的苦热，他以为是温室，便大声地诵经呗和咒愿。地狱中无数的罪人和鬼魂听到诵经呗的声音，得以解脱。狱卒非常生气，便用铁叉打他。他命终之后，转生到三十三天（Trāyastriṃśa，佛教中的一个天界）。由此可以验证，欠佛法僧（Buddha-dharma-saṃgha，佛教的三宝）的财物不可不偿还。即使受到惩罚，最终也能及时脱离苦难。’ 问：‘将佛的财物给予他人，然后取回利息自己使用，有罪吗？’答：‘与盗用佛的财物相同，都犯了重罪。即使将利息与佛的财物合并，仍然没有福报，因为这是破坏法身（dharma-kāya，佛的法性之身）的行为。’ 问：‘佛寺的主管派遣佛奴（指属于寺庙的奴隶）中的小孩去侍奉比丘（bhikṣu，佛教僧侣），可以吗？’答：‘不可以，因为他们是佛的财物。’ 问：‘比丘为佛工作，可以吃佛的食物吗？’答：‘不可以。比丘没有给人做工的道理，更何况可以拿取佛的财物作为衣食用度呢！’ 问：‘在家信徒为佛工作，得到佛的财物，用这些财物做成食物供养僧人，僧人可以食用吗？’答：‘不可以食用。’ 问：‘进行佛事法事（与佛教相关的事务）可以拿取金银钱财吗？’答：‘不可以。拿取就犯了舍堕（Nissaggiya Pācittiya，一种戒律）。’ 问：‘有人施舍牛、驴、马、奴隶给佛，用于建造佛事法事，可以接受吗？’答：‘可以接受并使用，但不得出售。弓、刀、军器，一概不得接受。’ 问：‘有人施舍给佛光明室宅（指装饰华丽的房屋），尚未使用，可以寄住吗？’答：‘不可以。因为那是佛的财物。’ 问：‘点燃佛前的光明灯，白天可以熄灭吗？’答：