English
English version ‘Decision.’ Question: ‘If a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) does not have enough food, can he ask someone who is not fully ordained to help?’ Answer: ‘Yes, except for a Brahmin (Hindu priest).’ Question: ‘If one sees an ownerless object in the mountains or wilderness, can it be taken for use?’ Answer: ‘It can be used. But one must inform the king, or a member of the royal family, or inform others before using it. It must not be taken away privately, otherwise it constitutes a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense requiring expiation).’ Question: ‘If a practitioner acts as a doctor, can he receive items?’ Answer: ‘If it is done with a compassionate heart, it is permissible; if it is done with an evil heart, it is not. If one does not have robes and a bowl, it is permissible to accept them if given by others. If one already has robes and a bowl, it is permissible to accept them if others insist on giving them for meritorious deeds. If others do not give, one must not beg for meritorious deeds either, otherwise it constitutes a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.’ Question: ‘If a food cloth, whether small or large, accidentally gets rice and vegetables on it, must it be washed?’ Answer: ‘Even if it is not dirty, one must say that it needs washing. If there is a Sramanera (novice monk) or a layperson, handing it to them and saying to wash it on your behalf does not constitute an offense. If it has already been handed over, there is no problem leaving it in the room. If it is not handed over and not washed, it constitutes a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.’ Question: ‘If a Bhikkhu's private room is left slightly open without closing the door when briefly leaving, is there an offense?’ Answer: ‘It constitutes a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.’ Question: ‘If a Bhikkhu claps and laughs in his private room, what offense is committed?’ Answer: ‘It constitutes a Nissaggiya Pacittiya.’ Question: ‘Is it permissible for a Bhikkhu to tiptoe across a small puddle or small pit?’ Answer: ‘No, it constitutes a Dukkata (an offense of wrong-doing). Once, an Upasaka (layman) invited a Bhikkhu, wanting to make him a good robe. The Bhikkhu followed him, and on the way, there was a small puddle, which the Bhikkhu tiptoed across. The Upasaka then had a thought of disdain: ‘I thought he was a good Bhikkhu, wanting to make him a good robe, but he is actually tiptoeing across ditches. When I return, I will only make him half a robe.’ This shameless person, knowing his thoughts, continued forward and, seeing a puddle again, tiptoed across it as before. The wise man (Upasaka) then thought: ‘When I return, I will only make him a coarse cloth.’ Continuing forward, he saw a puddle and tiptoed across it again, and the wise man thought: ‘When I return, I will only give him one meal.’ The shameless one, knowing his thoughts again, continued forward and, seeing water, lifted his robe and waded across. The wise man asked the Bhikkhu: ‘Why don't you...’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
踯渡？’比丘言：‘卿前与我一领衣已，一踯过水正得半领，复一踯正得一张粗㲲，复一踯正得一顿食。我今所不踯者，恐复失食。’贤者乃知是得道人，便向忏悔，将归大供养。以此验之知，比丘不得踯过坑水。” 问：“比丘走，犯何事？”答：“犯堕。有急事不犯。” 问：“有人出家之后，还来盗本家物，犯何事？”答：“犯弃。所以尔者，初出家时一切尽舍，非己物故。” 问：“比丘本在俗时，共父母兄弟藏物。出家后家人尽死，比丘还自来取物。犯何事？”答：“若自取犯弃。若有所亲白衣，可语使取作福，应分半与官。所以尔者，此物无主应属官，不得全取。取犯重。” 问：“师更受戒小弟子，弟子得下腊下戒及在下行不？若不下，得为作礼不？”答：“都无此理。” 问：“比丘行他田地中，或有苗或无苗，有事不？”答：“有苗犯堕，急事不犯。无苗尽得。” 问：“大悔人已发露，或五三日、或有难众僧分散。罪得决不？”答：“更求众乃决。” 问：“王者问比丘吉凶事，比丘为说，然后供养。犯何事？”答：“若得食犯堕，得衣犯舍堕。若说征伐得供养，犯重。” 问：“比丘有缘事，俗田行，得不？”答：“得。” 问：“ 现代汉语译本： ‘为何停步不前？’比丘回答说：‘之前你给了我一件衣服，我踯水一次，衣服就只剩一半了；再踯一次，就只剩一张粗布；再踯一次，就只剩一顿饭了。我现在不敢再踯，是怕连饭都没得吃了。’贤者这才知道他是得道之人，便向他忏悔，并将他请回家中大加供养。由此可知，比丘不能踯水过坑。’ 问：‘比丘奔跑，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯堕罪。有紧急情况则不犯。’ 问：‘有人出家之后，又回来偷自己家的东西，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯舍堕罪。因为出家时已经舍弃一切，那些东西不再是自己的了。’ 问：‘比丘在俗时，曾与父母兄弟一起藏匿财物。出家后，家人都去世了，比丘又自己来取回这些财物，犯什么戒？’答：‘如果自己取，就犯舍堕罪。如果有关系亲近的在家居士，可以告诉他，让他取出来做功德，应该分一半给官府。因为这些财物已经没有主人，应该归官府所有，不能全部取走。全部取走就犯重罪。’ 问：‘师父给小弟子重新受戒，弟子可以降低戒腊和戒龄，以及在僧团中降低位次吗？如果不可以降低，可以向他行礼吗？’答：‘完全没有这个道理。’ 问：‘比丘行走在别人的田地里，无论田里有没有庄稼，有没有事？’答：‘有庄稼就犯堕罪，紧急情况则不犯。没有庄稼就可以随意行走。’ 问：‘已经忏悔的大罪，或者过了五三天，或者遇到僧众分散的困难情况，罪业可以消除吗？’答：‘需要再次寻求僧众才能消除。’ 问：‘国王向比丘询问吉凶之事，比丘为他解说，然后接受供养，犯什么戒？’答：‘如果得到食物，就犯堕罪；得到衣服，就犯舍堕罪。如果解说征伐之事而得到供养，就犯重罪。’ 问：‘比丘有因缘之事，可以在俗人的田地里行走吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：
English
English version: ‘Why do you hesitate?’ The Bhiksu (monk) replied: ‘You gave me a robe before. After wading through the water once, only half of the robe remains. After wading again, only a piece of coarse cloth remains. After wading again, only one meal remains. The reason I don't wade now is that I'm afraid I'll lose even the meal.’ The wise man then realized that he was an enlightened person, repented to him, and took him home to make great offerings. From this, it is known that a Bhiksu (monk) should not wade through a pit of water.’ Question: ‘What offense does a Bhiksu (monk) commit by running?’ Answer: ‘He commits a *patita* (lapse). It is not an offense in an emergency.’ Question: ‘If someone, after leaving home (becoming a monk), returns to steal things from his own family, what offense does he commit?’ Answer: ‘He commits a *nisargika-patayantika* (forfeiture and confession). The reason is that when he first left home, he gave up everything, so those things are no longer his.’ Question: ‘A Bhiksu (monk), while still a layman, hid things with his parents and siblings. After he left home, all his family members died. The Bhiksu (monk) then comes back to take the things himself. What offense does he commit?’ Answer: ‘If he takes them himself, he commits a *nisargika-patayantika* (forfeiture and confession). If there is a close layperson, he can tell him to take them and make merit, and half should be given to the government. The reason is that these things have no owner and should belong to the government; he cannot take them all. Taking them all is a grave offense.’ Question: ‘If a teacher re-ordains a junior disciple, can the disciple's monastic age and seniority be lowered, and can his position in the Sangha (monastic community) be lowered? If it cannot be lowered, can he be paid respects?’ Answer: ‘There is no such principle at all.’ Question: ‘If a Bhiksu (monk) walks in someone else's field, whether there are crops or not, is there any offense?’ Answer: ‘If there are crops, he commits a *patita* (lapse); it is not an offense in an emergency. If there are no crops, he can walk freely.’ Question: ‘If a major offense has been confessed, or after five or three days, or if there is a difficult situation where the Sangha (monastic community) is scattered, can the sin be resolved?’ Answer: ‘It is necessary to seek the Sangha (monastic community) again to resolve it.’ Question: ‘If a king asks a Bhiksu (monk) about auspicious or inauspicious matters, and the Bhiksu (monk) explains it to him and then receives offerings, what offense does he commit?’ Answer: ‘If he receives food, he commits a *patita* (lapse); if he receives clothing, he commits a *nisargika-patayantika* (forfeiture and confession). If he receives offerings for explaining matters of war, he commits a grave offense.’ Question: ‘If a Bhiksu (monk) has a reason to walk in a layman's field, is it permissible?’ Answer: ‘It is permissible.’ Question: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
比丘未满五腊不依止，犯何事？”答：“不依止师，若饮水食饭，日日犯盗。若先不知法，犹得忏悔。” 问：“若比丘或十腊，不诵戒。”答：“同上依止。” 问：“比丘市卖，自誉己物过价。前人信，贵买。犯何事？”答：“犯盗。” 问：“比丘行迥路，有食无人受。云何得食？”答：“正得舒一手下向一捉食便止，过犯堕。” 问：“比丘船行水大不得下，得水中便利不？”答：“得。” 问：“比丘书经竹木上，诵讫拭去，犯事不？”答：“犯堕。” 问：“未满五腊，得并入诵律不？”答：“不得。为可粗教诫而已。若诵犯堕舍，大戒不灭沙弥戒故。”“是沙弥非？”答：“非。” 问：“比丘昼眠犯何事？”答：“开户不得，犯堕。” 问：“比丘得倚堕伏地不？”答：“私户得。众中不得，犯堕。” 问：“比丘舍内都不着三衣，犯何事？”答：“坐禅诵经，不着犯堕。” 问：“比丘行道着泥洹僧，得系脚不？”答：“大寒得。” 问：“比丘畜漆器，犯何事？”答：“漆木器尽不得用。用犯堕。” 问：“比丘已食手、或搪饮食污手，更得受食不？”答：“得。” 问：“比丘至上房中不坐辄坐，犯何事？ 现代汉语译本 问：‘比丘（bhiksu，佛教出家男众）未满五腊（vassa，出家年数）不依止（nissaya，依靠）师父，犯了什么戒？’答：‘不依止师父，如果饮水吃饭，每天都犯盗戒。如果先前不知道这条戒律，还可以忏悔。’ 问：‘如果比丘已经有十腊，但不诵戒，又会怎么样？’答：‘和不依止师父一样。’ 问：‘比丘在市场上做买卖，自我吹嘘自己的东西，抬高价格。买东西的人相信了，花高价买了下来。比丘犯了什么戒？’答：‘犯盗戒。’ 问：‘比丘走偏僻的小路，有食物但没有人可以接受供养。应该怎样才能吃到食物？’答：‘只能伸出一只手向下拿取一点食物，就必须停止。超过这个量就犯堕罪（pacittiya，一种较轻的罪）。’ 问：‘比丘乘船，遇到大水无法下船，可以在水中大小便吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘比丘在竹木上书写经文，诵读完毕后擦掉，犯戒吗？’答：‘犯堕罪。’ 问：‘未满五腊的比丘，可以加入诵律的行列吗？’答：‘不可以。只能粗略地教诫。如果诵律就犯堕罪和舍堕罪（nissaggiya pacittiya，一种需要舍弃财物的罪），因为大戒（bhikkhu patimokkha，比丘戒）不会消灭沙弥戒（sramanera，佛教出家男众的预备阶段）的身份。’‘他是沙弥吗？’答：‘不是。’ 问：‘比丘白天睡觉犯了什么戒？’答：‘打开门睡觉不可以，犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘可以斜靠着或者趴在地上吗？’答：‘在自己的房间里可以。在公共场所不可以，犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘在房间里完全不穿三衣（ticivara，比丘所拥有的三种袈裟），犯了什么戒？’答：‘坐禅或者诵经的时候，不穿三衣就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘在路上行走，穿着泥洹僧（nivasa，下裙），可以把脚系起来吗？’答：‘天气非常寒冷的时候可以。’ 问：‘比丘使用漆器，犯了什么戒？’答：‘所有漆木器都不能使用。使用就犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘已经吃过东西，手或者因为接触饮食而弄脏了，还可以再接受食物吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘比丘到了上房中不先坐下就直接坐下，犯了什么戒？’
English
English version Question: 'If a bhiksu (monk) who has not completed five vassas (years of ordination) does not rely on a nissaya (teacher), what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'By not relying on a teacher, if he drinks water or eats food, he commits theft every day. If he did not know the rule beforehand, he can still confess.' Question: 'If a bhiksu has ten vassas but does not recite the precepts, what is the case?' Answer: 'The same as relying on a teacher.' Question: 'If a bhiksu engages in buying and selling in the market, praising his own goods excessively and overpricing them, and someone believes him and buys them at a high price, what offense does the bhiksu commit?' Answer: 'He commits theft.' Question: 'If a bhiksu is walking on a remote path and there is food but no one to offer it to, how can he obtain food?' Answer: 'He may only extend one hand downward and take a handful of food, and then he must stop. Exceeding this amount incurs a pacittiya (an offense requiring expiation).' Question: 'If a bhiksu is traveling by boat and the water is too high to disembark, is he allowed to relieve himself in the water?' Answer: 'Yes, he is.' Question: 'If a bhiksu writes sutras on bamboo or wood and then wipes them off after reciting them, does he commit an offense?' Answer: 'He commits a pacittiya offense.' Question: 'Is a bhiksu who has not completed five vassas allowed to join in reciting the Vinaya (monastic rules)?' Answer: 'No, he is not. He can only be given rough instructions. If he recites, he commits pacittiya and nissaggiya pacittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture), because the bhikkhu patimokkha (monk's precepts) does not extinguish the sramanera (novice monk) precepts.' 'Is he a sramanera?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'What offense does a bhiksu commit by sleeping during the day?' Answer: 'If the door is open, he commits a pacittiya offense.' Question: 'Is a bhiksu allowed to lean or lie on the ground?' Answer: 'In his private room, he is allowed. In a public place, he is not allowed, and he commits a pacittiya offense.' Question: 'What offense does a bhiksu commit if he does not wear his three robes (ticivara) at all in his room?' Answer: 'If he does not wear them while meditating or reciting sutras, he commits a pacittiya offense.' Question: 'If a bhiksu is walking on the road wearing a nivasa (lower garment), is he allowed to tie up his feet?' Answer: 'If it is very cold, he is allowed.' Question: 'What offense does a bhiksu commit by possessing lacquered ware?' Answer: 'All lacquered wooden ware is not allowed to be used. Using it incurs a pacittiya offense.' Question: 'If a bhiksu has already eaten and his hand is dirty or stained with food, is he allowed to receive more food?' Answer: 'Yes, he is.' Question: 'If a bhiksu arrives in an upper room and sits down without sitting down first, what offense does he commit?' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ”答：“犯堕。”