Chinese
问：“比丘旋塔，或比丘尼、优婆夷随后旋。有犯不？”答：“若有优婆塞不犯。” 问：“比丘生菜已净，有根得食不？”答：“得。” 问：“弟子远行寄师物、或师寄弟子，过期不还，或经年岁，可取用不？”答：“若去时无言，不得用。若知在，是有主物。若死，是僧物。” 问：“比丘教白衣不祭一切亡人，为是理不？”答：“非。假使父母不食，敬心供养，亦得其福。” 问：“众中得共师并坐不？”答：“不接，得共盘食。” 问：“比丘不寒，三衣礼佛，犯何事？”答：“众多突吉罗。” 问：“比丘得手自合药不？”答：“被净草得。” 问：“比丘休道意已，着俗服经时，向其尊礼拜之体，然后还来投众，求服常位。为应听不？”答：“若不舍戒者，应听。” 问：“比丘知其父母兄弟破落属人，而不购赎，有罪不？”答：“若为行道，不赎无罪。” 问：“若人白僧，称言圣众，得然可不？”答：“不得然可。” 问：“若人持物施僧，言施圣众。应受不？”答：“若不言：‘得分。’得取，以众通有俗故。” 问：“行道过水，使人负渡。犯何事？”答：“若不老病，犯堕。” 问： 现代汉语译本 答：‘犯堕’（指触犯了堕罪）。 问：‘比丘（bhiksu，男性出家人）绕塔，或者比丘尼（bhiksuni，女性出家人）、优婆夷（upasika，在家女居士）随后绕塔，有犯戒吗？’答：‘如果有优婆塞（upasaka，在家男居士）就不犯。’ 问：‘比丘已经处理干净的蔬菜，有根可以吃吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘弟子远行寄放师父的物品，或者师父寄放弟子的物品，过期不还，或者经过一年，可以使用吗？’答：‘如果离开时没有说明，就不能用。如果知道东西还在，就是有主之物。如果（物主）去世，就是僧团的物品。’ 问：‘比丘教导白衣（指在家信徒）不要祭祀一切亡人，这样对吗？’答：‘不对。即使父母不吃，以恭敬心供养，也能得到福报。’ 问：‘在僧团中可以和师父并排坐吗？’答：‘不应该并排坐，可以一起用盘子吃饭。’ 问：‘比丘不冷，穿着三衣（指出家人的三种法衣）礼佛，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯众多突吉罗（dukkhata，轻罪）。’ 问：‘比丘可以自己合药吗？’答：‘用净草垫着就可以。’ 问：‘比丘已经舍弃修道之心，穿着俗家衣服一段时间，向他以前尊敬礼拜的对象礼拜，然后又回来投靠僧团，请求恢复原来的地位。应该允许吗？’答：‘如果不舍弃戒律，应该允许。’ 问：‘比丘知道自己的父母兄弟贫困潦倒，沦为奴仆，而不去赎回，有罪吗？’答：‘如果是为了修行，不赎回就没有罪。’ 问：‘如果有人对僧团说，称呼为圣众，可以允许吗？’答：‘不可以允许。’ 问：‘如果有人拿东西布施给僧团，说布施给圣众。应该接受吗？’答：‘如果不说：‘分给某人。’就可以接受，因为僧团普遍和在家众有联系。’ 问：‘行路过河，让人背着过河。犯什么戒？’答：‘如果不是年老或生病，犯堕罪。’ 问：
English
English version Answer: 'Commits a Patita (an offense entailing expulsion)'. Question: 'If a Bhiksu (monk) circumambulates a stupa, or a Bhiksuni (nun), or an Upasika (female lay follower) follows behind to circumambulate, is there any offense?' Answer: 'If there is an Upasaka (male lay follower), there is no offense.' Question: 'If a Bhiksu has cleaned raw vegetables, can he eat the roots?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'If a disciple traveling far away leaves something with his teacher, or a teacher leaves something with his disciple, and it is not returned after the deadline or after a year, can it be used?' Answer: 'If there was no agreement when it was left, it cannot be used. If it is known to still exist, it belongs to someone. If the owner is dead, it belongs to the Sangha (monastic community).' Question: 'Is it right for a Bhiksu to teach laypeople not to make offerings to all the deceased?' Answer: 'No. Even if parents do not eat, offering with reverence will also bring blessings.' Question: 'Is it permissible to sit alongside the teacher in the Sangha?' Answer: 'Not side by side, but it is permissible to share a plate of food.' Question: 'If a Bhiksu is not cold and wears the three robes (tricivara) to prostrate to the Buddha, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'Commits many Dukkata (minor offenses).' Question: 'Is it permissible for a Bhiksu to mix medicine himself?' Answer: 'It is permissible if a clean grass mat is used.' Question: 'If a Bhiksu has given up the intention to practice the Dharma, wears secular clothes for a period of time, bows to those he previously revered, and then returns to the Sangha, requesting to resume his former position, should he be allowed?' Answer: 'If he has not renounced his vows, he should be allowed.' Question: 'If a Bhiksu knows that his parents and siblings are impoverished and enslaved, and does not redeem them, is he guilty?' Answer: 'If it is for the sake of practicing the Dharma, there is no guilt in not redeeming them.' Question: 'If someone addresses the Sangha, calling them the Holy Assembly, is it permissible?' Answer: 'It is not permissible.' Question: 'If someone offers something to the Sangha, saying it is offered to the Holy Assembly, should it be accepted?' Answer: 'If they do not say, ‘Distribute it to someone specifically,’ it can be accepted, because the Sangha generally has connections with laypeople.' Question: 'When crossing a river on the path, having someone carry you across, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If one is not old or sick, a Patita (an offense entailing expulsion) is committed.' Question: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
“众僧家奴，比丘得小小请使不？”答：“小小取与得，大事不得。” 问：“比丘养爪甲长，犯何事？”答：“犯堕。” 问：“上坐比丘未浴，下坐于前浴，有犯不？”答：“犯堕。” 问：“比丘器中忽有异物、或复弊故，不知谁许，可取用不？复可弃不？”答：“与僧，不得私用。” 问：“有一住处多去来僧，所有遗亡，或是新或是弊衣，永无取用者。可取不？”答：“与众僧。众僧停一月一岁后得用。若后主来，僧物偿。若是贵珍宝，众后不能偿者，勿用。” 问：“比丘有知旧白衣来造，己得语上坐维那持僧食与不？”答：“僧先令得，不令不得。” 问：“比丘舍道还俗，后更出家。前师故是师非？”答：“非是。” 问：“临坛诸师僧可呼言师不？”答：“无此理。不从受法者，尽不得为师。” 问：“一切师得呼为和上不？称为弟子不？”答：“不得。正可敬重，如俗中之尊。” 问三自归事品第十四 问：“三自归趣得人受，复有不应受者不？”答：“除五逆罪得。” 问：“三自归斯行何事？”答：“身口意不行邪事，及不随邪见师。” 问：“云何犯三归？”答：“好邪见，随外道师。” 问：“若犯 现代汉语译本 问：‘各位僧人的奴仆，比丘可以稍微差遣他们做点事吗？’答：‘小事可以让他们做，大事不可以。’ 问：‘比丘留长指甲，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯堕罪（Pātayantika，一种较轻的罪）。’ 问：‘上座比丘还没洗澡，下座比丘在他前面洗澡，有罪吗？’答：‘犯堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘的器物中忽然出现异物，或者已经破旧，不知道谁允许，可以拿来用吗？可以丢弃吗？’答：‘交给僧团，不得私自使用。’ 问：‘有一个住处有很多来来往往的僧人，所有遗失的东西，无论是新的还是旧的衣服，一直没有人拿去用。可以拿吗？’答：‘交给僧团。僧团存放一个月或一年后可以使用。如果原来的主人来了，用僧团的财物偿还。如果是贵重的珍宝，僧团以后无法偿还的，不要用。’ 问：‘有认识的在家居士来拜访比丘，比丘可以告诉上座维那（Vina，寺院的管理者）用僧团的食物招待他们吗？’答：‘僧团事先允许就可以，不允许就不可以。’ 问：‘比丘舍弃出家生活还俗，后来又再次出家。之前的师父还是师父吗？’答：‘不是了。’ 问：‘在戒坛上的各位师僧可以称呼为师父吗？’答：‘没有这个道理。没有接受过他传法的人，都不能称他为师父。’ 问：‘所有的师父都可以称为和尚（Upadhyaya，亲教师）吗？可以称为弟子吗？’答：‘不可以。只能敬重他们，如同世俗中的长辈。’ 问三自归事品第十四 问：‘三自归（皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧）可以接受人来皈依，有没有不应该接受皈依的人？’答：‘除了犯五逆罪（matricide, patricide, Arhat-slaying, wounding a Buddha, and creating schism in the Sangha）的人都可以。’ 问：‘三自归的行为有什么作用？’答：‘身口意不行邪恶之事，以及不追随邪见之师。’ 问：‘怎样算是违犯三归？’答：‘喜好邪见，追随外道之师。’ 问：‘如果违犯了三归，’
English
English version Question: 'Monk's servants, may a Bhikkhu (monk) use them for small tasks?' Answer: 'Small tasks are permissible, but not important matters.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu grows long fingernails, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'It is an offense of Pātayantika (a minor offense).' Question: 'If a senior Bhikkhu has not bathed, and a junior Bhikkhu bathes before him, is there an offense?' Answer: 'It is an offense of Pātayantika.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu's bowl suddenly contains a foreign object, or is old and broken, and it is not known who permitted it, can it be used? Can it be discarded?' Answer: 'Give it to the Sangha (monastic community); it must not be used privately.' Question: 'In a dwelling place with many monks coming and going, there are lost items, whether new or old clothes, that no one ever takes. Can they be taken?' Answer: 'Give them to the Sangha. The Sangha can use them after storing them for a month or a year. If the original owner comes later, compensate with Sangha property. If they are valuable treasures that the Sangha cannot repay later, do not use them.' Question: 'If a familiar layperson comes to visit a Bhikkhu, can the Bhikkhu tell the senior Vina (monastic manager) to use Sangha food to treat them?' Answer: 'If the Sangha permits it beforehand, it is allowed; if not, it is not allowed.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu renounces monastic life and returns to lay life, and later ordains again, is the former teacher still the teacher?' Answer: 'No, he is not.' Question: 'Can the teachers and monks at the ordination platform be called teachers?' Answer: 'There is no such principle. Those who have not received the Dharma (teachings) from him cannot be considered teachers.' Question: 'Can all teachers be called Upadhyaya (preceptor)? Can they be called disciples?' Answer: 'No, they cannot. They can only be respected, like elders in secular society.' Question on the Fourteenth Section on the Three Refuges Question: 'Can the Three Refuges (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha) be taken by anyone, or are there those who should not take them?' Answer: 'Except for those who have committed the five heinous crimes (matricide, patricide, Arhat-slaying, wounding a Buddha, and creating schism in the Sangha), all others can.' Question: 'What is the effect of taking the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'The body, speech, and mind do not engage in evil deeds, and one does not follow teachers with wrong views.' Question: 'How does one violate the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'By favoring wrong views and following teachers of external paths.' Question: 'If one violates the Three Refuges,' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
三自归，云何悔？”答：“向本师悔。若无本师，向余比丘亦得。” 问：“若不能持，得还不？”答：“得。”问：“若还。还云何？”答：“向本师、若一比丘言：‘我从今日以后，不复能归佛法归比丘僧。’如是三说。若不满三，故成就三归。” 问：“或人受三自归，乃悔宿命恶逆，为是理非？”答：“无此理。” 问：“三归正得从一人受，复得从三人各得受一归不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受三归法要终身，复可得一年半年十日五日不？”答：“随意多少。” 问：“若从师受一年半年自归，日满后故是师非？”答：“一从受法，终身是师。” 问：“三自归，得但受一二归不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受三归，现前无师得逢，从文受不？”答：“不得。” 问：“先受三归犯不悔过，得更受不？”答：“不得，要当悔。若欲当受，舍先所受。若不舍更受者，不得。” 问五戒事品第十五 问：“不受三归，得受五戒不？”答：“不得。” 问：“若受三归，犯而不悔者，得受五戒不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受五戒法，可得但受五日十日一年二年不？”答：“随意多少。” 问：“犯五戒不悔，得更受不？” 现代汉语译本 问：‘什么是三自归（皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧）？如何忏悔？’答：‘向本师（传授皈依的老师）忏悔。如果没有本师，向其他比丘（出家男子）也可以。’ 问：‘如果不能坚持，可以退还吗？’答：‘可以。’问：‘如果退还，如何退还？’答：‘向本师或一位比丘说：‘我从今日以后，不再能皈依佛、皈依法、皈依比丘僧。’这样说三次。如果未满三次，则三归仍然成立。’ 问：‘如果有人受了三自归，却后悔过去所造的恶业，这合乎道理吗？’答：‘没有这个道理。’ 问：‘三归正规来说是从一个人那里接受，还是可以从三个人那里各接受一归呢？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受三归法要终身，还是可以一年、半年、十天、五天呢？’答：‘随自己的意愿长短。’ 问：‘如果从师父那里接受一年或半年的自归，日期满了之后，这位师父还是师父吗？’答：‘一旦从他那里接受了法，终身都是师父。’ 问：‘三自归，可以只受一归或二归吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受三归，如果眼前没有师父可以遇到，可以照着文字受吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘先受了三归，犯了戒而不忏悔，可以再受吗？’答：‘不可以，一定要忏悔。如果想要再受，必须舍弃先前所受的。如果不舍弃就再受，是无效的。’ 问：‘五戒事品第十五’ 问：‘没有受三归，可以受五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘如果受了三归，犯了戒而不忏悔，可以受五戒吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受五戒法，可以只受五天、十天、一年、两年吗？’答：‘随自己的意愿长短。’ 问：‘犯了五戒不忏悔，可以再受吗？’
English
English version Question: 'What are the Three Refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, taking refuge in the Dharma, taking refuge in the Sangha)? How does one repent?' Answer: 'Repent to the original teacher (the teacher who transmitted the refuges). If there is no original teacher, it is also acceptable to repent to other Bhikkhus (ordained monks).' Question: 'If one cannot uphold them, can one return them?' Answer: 'Yes, one can.' Question: 'If one returns them, how does one return them?' Answer: 'Say to the original teacher or to one Bhikkhu: 'From this day forward, I am no longer able to take refuge in the Buddha, take refuge in the Dharma, take refuge in the Sangha.' Say this three times. If it is not said three times, the Three Refuges are still valid.' Question: 'If someone has taken the Three Refuges but regrets the evil deeds of their past life, is this reasonable?' Answer: 'There is no such reason.' Question: 'Should the Three Refuges properly be received from one person, or can one receive one refuge each from three people?' Answer: 'One cannot.' Question: 'Must the Three Refuges be taken for life, or can they be taken for a year, half a year, ten days, or five days?' Answer: 'As much or as little as one wishes.' Question: 'If one takes the refuges from a teacher for a year or half a year, is that teacher still one's teacher after the time is up?' Answer: 'Once one has received the Dharma from them, they are one's teacher for life.' Question: 'Can one take only one or two of the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'One cannot.' Question: 'If one wants to take the Three Refuges but cannot find a teacher in person, can one take them by reading the text?' Answer: 'One cannot.' Question: 'If one has taken the Three Refuges and violated them without repenting, can one take them again?' Answer: 'One cannot; one must repent. If one wants to take them again, one must renounce the previously taken refuges. If one does not renounce them and takes them again, it is invalid.' Question: 'Chapter Fifteen on the Matters of the Five Precepts' Question: 'Without taking the Three Refuges, can one take the Five Precepts (not to kill, not to steal, not to commit sexual misconduct, not to lie, not to take intoxicants)?' Answer: 'One cannot.' Question: 'If one has taken the Three Refuges and violated them without repenting, can one take the Five Precepts?' Answer: 'One cannot.' Question: 'Can the Five Precepts be taken for only five days, ten days, a year, or two years?' Answer: 'As much or as little as one wishes.' Question: 'If one violates the Five Precepts without repenting, can one take them again?' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 答：“不舍不得更受，不悔亦不得舍。”