Chinese
二者取水澡师手，设不得水，取净草授与师；三者还取钵授师；四者当豫具净草澡师钵已，却以草熟拭钵乃去。是为树下饭时法。 “道中相待有三事：一者持钵着净地，作礼如事说；二者当视日早晚，可疾还归、若道止；三者当取师钵并持随师后去。是为道中相待时法。 “合钵饭时有二事：一者若师钵中无酪酥浆，当自取所得钵饭授师；若师不取，旦当却住。二者徐取师钵中半饭，出着净地树叶上，却自取钵中半饭，着师钵中却住。是为合钵饭时法。 “转贸钵饭时有三事：一者若师钵中得美膳者、自得不如者，便当授师；二者师欲贸钵，当让不受；三者师坚呼贸钵，当取再餐，便当拭钵还授师。是为贸钵饭时法。 “对饭时有三事：一者当授师钵乃却坐饭；二者当数视师所欲得，即当起取与；三者食不得大疾亦不得后，竟以起，当复问欲得何等？师言持去乃当取去。是为对饭时法。 “前后饭时有三事：一者授师钵具已，当却至屏处住，听师呼声即当应之。二者当豫取澡水着一边。三者师饭毕，当澡师手却住；师教去饭，乃当作礼去饭。是为前后饭时法。 “饭已澡钵有三事：一者澡漱已，当先取师钵澡令净已，着树叶上；二者却自澡钵已，亦着树叶上，先取师钵已手摩 现代汉语译本 给老师取水洗手时，有以下步骤：第一，洗浴师（澡师，提供洗浴服务的人）递给老师水的时候，如果没水了，就拿干净的草递给老师；第二，把钵（bō，僧人使用的食器）还给老师；第三，应该事先准备好干净的草和洗浴用的钵，然后用草仔细擦拭钵后再离开。这是在树下吃饭时的规矩。 ‘在路上相遇时，有三件事要做：第一，把钵放在干净的地方，恭敬地行礼并说明情况；第二，要观察时间早晚，判断是应该尽快返回，还是就地休息；第三，要拿好老师的钵，跟在老师后面。这是在路上相遇时的规矩。 ‘一起用钵吃饭时，有两件事要做：第一，如果老师的钵里没有乳酪、酥油或饮料，应该把自己钵里的饭分给老师；如果老师不接受，早上应该留在原地。第二，慢慢地从老师的钵里取出半份饭，放在干净的地方或树叶上，然后从自己的钵里取出半份饭，放在老师的钵里，然后留在原地。这是一起用钵吃饭时的规矩。 ‘交换钵里的饭时，有三件事要做：第一，如果老师的钵里有美味的食物，而自己的钵里没有，就应该把自己的饭给老师；第二，如果老师想交换钵，应该谦让不受；第三，如果老师坚持要交换钵，就应该取一些再吃，然后擦干净钵还给老师。这是交换钵里的饭时的规矩。 ‘面对面一起吃饭时，有三件事要做：第一，应该先把钵递给老师，然后再坐下吃饭；第二，要经常观察老师想要什么，立刻起身去拿给他；第三，吃饭时不要太快也不要太慢，吃完后起身，应该再问老师想要什么？老师说拿走，才可以拿走。这是面对面一起吃饭时的规矩。 ‘前后吃饭时，有三件事要做：第一，把老师的钵和餐具准备好后，应该退到僻静的地方，听到老师的呼唤立刻回应。第二，应该事先准备好洗手的水放在一边。第三，老师吃完饭后，应该给老师洗手，然后留在原地；老师让去吃饭，才可以行礼后去吃饭。这是前后吃饭时的规矩。 ‘饭后洗钵时，有三件事要做：第一，洗漱完毕后，应该先拿老师的钵洗干净，放在树叶上；第二，然后自己洗钵，也放在树叶上，先拿老师的钵，用手擦拭
English
English version When fetching water for the teacher to wash their hands, there are the following steps: First, if the bathing attendant (the person providing bathing services) runs out of water when handing it to the teacher, they should offer clean grass instead; second, return the bowl (bō, a monk's eating utensil) to the teacher; third, one should prepare clean grass and a bathing bowl in advance, and then carefully wipe the bowl with the grass before leaving. This is the proper etiquette when eating under a tree. 'When encountering each other on the road, there are three things to do: First, place the bowl on a clean spot, respectfully bow, and explain the situation; second, observe the time of day to determine whether to return quickly or rest on the spot; third, hold the teacher's bowl and follow behind the teacher. This is the proper etiquette when encountering each other on the road.' 'When eating together from the same bowl, there are two things to do: First, if the teacher's bowl does not contain yogurt, ghee, or beverages, one should offer food from their own bowl to the teacher; if the teacher does not accept, one should remain in place in the morning. Second, slowly take half of the food from the teacher's bowl and place it on a clean spot or a leaf, then take half of the food from one's own bowl and place it in the teacher's bowl, then remain in place. This is the proper etiquette when eating together from the same bowl.' 'When exchanging food in bowls, there are three things to do: First, if the teacher's bowl contains delicious food while one's own bowl does not, one should offer their own food to the teacher; second, if the teacher wants to exchange bowls, one should politely decline; third, if the teacher insists on exchanging bowls, one should take some more food to eat, then wipe the bowl clean and return it to the teacher. This is the proper etiquette when exchanging food in bowls.' 'When eating face-to-face, there are three things to do: First, one should hand the bowl to the teacher before sitting down to eat; second, one should frequently observe what the teacher wants and immediately get up to fetch it for them; third, one should not eat too quickly or too slowly, and after finishing eating, one should ask the teacher if they want anything else. Only when the teacher says to take it away can one take it away. This is the proper etiquette when eating face-to-face.' 'When eating before or after the teacher, there are three things to do: First, after preparing the teacher's bowl and utensils, one should retreat to a secluded place and respond immediately when hearing the teacher's call. Second, one should prepare water for washing hands in advance and place it aside. Third, after the teacher finishes eating, one should wash the teacher's hands and remain in place; only when the teacher allows one to eat can one bow and go to eat. This is the proper etiquette when eating before or after the teacher.' 'When washing the bowl after eating, there are three things to do: First, after washing and rinsing, one should first take the teacher's bowl and wash it clean, placing it on a leaf; second, then wash one's own bowl and also place it on a leaf, first taking the teacher's bowl and wiping it with one's hands.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
令净燥，内着囊中付师；三者还自取钵拭令燥，亦内着囊中带之止住。是为燥钵时法。 “澡钵去时法，有三事：一者师言：‘我今欲过某许，贤者某自先归。’二者头面着地作礼便去；三者独还去，不得过余聚落中戏笑，直归故处诵经。是为澡钵去时法。 “沙弥入众有五事：一者当明学；二者当习事；三者当给众；四者当授大沙门物；五者欲受大戒时三师易得耳。 “复有五事：一者当礼佛；二者当礼比丘僧；三者当问讯上下坐；四者当留上座坐处；五者不得诤坐处。 “复有五事：一者不得于坐上遥相呼语笑；二者不得数起出；三者若众中呼沙弥某甲，即当起应；四者当随众僧命；五者摩摩帝呼有所作，当还白师。是名入众时法用。 “沙弥作直日有五事：一者当惜众僧物；二者不得当道作事；三者作事未讫不得中起舍去；四者若和上阿阇梨呼，不得便往，应当报摩摩帝；五者当随摩摩帝教令不得违戾。是为作直日法。 “择菜有五事：一者当却根；二者当齐头；三者不得使有青黄合；四者洗菜，当三易水令净已，当三振去水；五者作事毕竟当扫处令净。 “复有五事：一者不得私取众僧物；二者若有所欲取当报摩摩帝；三者尽力作众僧事；四者当扫除食堂中，乃 现代汉语译本： ‘干燥钵的方法有以下几点：第一，将钵清洗干净并擦干；第二，将钵放入钵囊中交给师父；第三，自己取回钵，擦拭干净，也放入钵囊中随身携带。这就是干燥钵的方法。’ ‘洗钵离开时有以下几点：第一，师父说：‘我现在要到某个地方去，贤者某某你自己先回去吧。’第二，头面着地行礼后离开；第三，独自回去，不得在其他村落中嬉戏打闹，直接回到原来的地方诵经。这就是洗钵离开时的方法。’ ‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，佛教术语，指已出家但尚未受具足戒的男性修行者）进入僧团有五件事要做：第一，应当努力学习；第二，应当学习各种事务；第三，应当为大众服务；第四，应当将大沙门（Mahā-Śrāmaṇa，指已受具足戒的比丘）的物品交还；第五，想要受具足戒时，三师（Upādhyāya，戒师；Karmācārya，羯磨师；Śikṣācārya，教授师）容易找到。’ ‘还有五件事：第一，应当礼拜佛；第二，应当礼拜比丘僧（Bhikṣu-saṃgha，佛教僧团）；第三，应当问候上座和下座；第四，应当为上座留出座位；第五，不得争抢座位。’ ‘还有五件事：第一，不得在座位上遥远地互相呼唤、说话、嬉笑；第二，不得频繁地起身离开；第三，如果大众中呼唤沙弥某某的名字，就应当起身回应；第四，应当听从僧众的命令；第五，摩摩帝（Māmaka，沙弥的老师）呼唤去做事，应当先禀告师父。这些是进入僧团时应遵守的规矩。’ ‘沙弥做值日有五件事：第一，应当爱惜僧众的物品；第二，不得在道路上做事；第三，做事没有完成不得中途起身离开；第四，如果和上（Upādhyāya，亲教师）或阿阇梨（Ācārya，轨范师）呼唤，不得立刻前去，应当先禀告摩摩帝；第五，应当听从摩摩帝的教令，不得违背。这是做值日应遵守的规矩。’ ‘择菜有五件事：第一，应当去除根部；第二，应当切齐菜头；第三，不得使青菜和黄菜混在一起；第四，洗菜时，应当换三次水，洗干净后，应当抖三次去除水分；第五，做事完毕后，应当打扫干净场地。’ ‘还有五件事：第一，不得私自拿取僧众的物品；第二，如果想要拿取什么东西，应当禀告摩摩帝；第三，尽力做僧众的事情；第四，应当打扫食堂，乃至
English
English version: ‘The method for drying the bowl involves three things: first, wash the bowl clean and dry it; second, put the bowl in its bag and give it to the teacher; third, take the bowl back yourself, wipe it dry, and also put it in its bag to carry with you. This is the method for drying the bowl.’ ‘The method for leaving after washing the bowl involves three things: first, the teacher says, ‘I now wish to go to such and such a place; worthy one, you may return first.’ Second, prostrate with your head to the ground and then leave; third, return alone, and do not play or laugh in other villages, but return directly to your original place to recite scriptures. This is the method for leaving after washing the bowl.’ ‘A Śrāmaṇera (Buddhist term for a male novice who has left home but has not yet received full ordination) entering the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) has five things to do: first, he should diligently study; second, he should learn various tasks; third, he should serve the community; fourth, he should return the belongings of the Mahā-Śrāmaṇa (a fully ordained monk); fifth, when he wishes to receive full ordination, the three teachers (Upādhyāya, preceptor; Karmācārya, instructor in rituals; Śikṣācārya, instructor in discipline) will be easy to find.’ ‘There are also five things: first, he should pay homage to the Buddha; second, he should pay homage to the Bhikṣu-saṃgha (Buddhist monastic community of monks); third, he should greet those of senior and junior standing; fourth, he should reserve seats for the seniors; fifth, he should not争抢seats.’ ‘There are also five things: first, he should not call out to each other from afar, speak, or laugh while seated; second, he should not get up and leave frequently; third, if a Śrāmaṇera's name is called in the assembly, he should stand up and respond; fourth, he should follow the orders of the Sangha; fifth, if the Māmaka (the Śrāmaṇera's teacher) calls him to do something, he should first report to his teacher. These are the rules to be followed when entering the Sangha.’ ‘A Śrāmaṇera on duty has five things to do: first, he should cherish the belongings of the Sangha; second, he should not do things on the road; third, he should not get up and leave in the middle of unfinished work; fourth, if the Upādhyāya (preceptor) or Ācārya (instructor) calls him, he should not go immediately, but should first report to the Māmaka; fifth, he should follow the Māmaka's instructions and not disobey. These are the rules to be followed when on duty.’ ‘There are five things to do when selecting vegetables: first, remove the roots; second, trim the tops evenly; third, do not mix green and yellow vegetables together; fourth, when washing vegetables, change the water three times, and after washing them clean, shake them three times to remove the water; fifth, after finishing the work, clean the area.’ ‘There are also five things: first, do not take the Sangha's belongings privately; second, if you want to take something, report to the Māmaka; third, do your best to do the Sangha's work; fourth, clean the dining hall, and even --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
却布席空案；五者当朝暮扫除舍后，益水弃灰土。 “汲水有十事：一者手不净不得便用汲水，当先澡手；二者不得大投罐井中使有声；三者当徐徐下罐，不得大挑击左右着使有声；四者不得使绳头还入井中使有声；五者不得持履覆井栏上；六者不得持罐水着入釜中；七者不得持罐置地；八者当洗澡器令净；九者举水入当徐徐行；十者着屏处不得妨人道中。 “澡釜有五事：一者当澡釜缘口上；二者当澡釜缘里；三者当洗腰腹；四者澡里底；五者当三易水。 “吹灶有五事：一者不得蹲吹火；二者不得然生薪；三者不得倒然湿薪；四者不得然腐薪；五者不得以热汤浇火灭。 “扫地有五事：一者当顺行；二者洒地不得有厚薄；三者不得有污湔四壁；四者不得蹈湿地坏；五者扫已即当自撮草粪弃之。 “比丘僧饭时沙弥扫地，有五事：一者常却行；二者不得挑手持；三者过六人土作聚；四者悉扫令遍为善；五者即当自手扫除持出弃之。 “持水澡罐泻水，有五事：一者一手持上、一手持下，不得转易。二者当近左面坚持直视前。三者当视人手浇下水，不得多不得少，正当投人手中。四者下水当去人手四寸，不得高不得下，当相视水多少；设水少不足一人，当益水，不得住人手。五 现代汉语译本： ‘整理床铺和空桌子有五件事：一是经常拂拭床席，去除尘垢；二是经常擦拭床脚；三是经常擦拭床头；四是整理床铺和空桌子；五是每天早晚打扫房舍后面，把污水和灰土倒掉。’ ‘汲水有十件事：一是手不干净不能直接汲水，应当先洗手；二是不可以把水罐猛地投入井中，发出声响；三是应当慢慢地放下水罐，不可以大力挑动，撞击井壁左右，发出声响；四是不可以使绳子的末端掉入井中，发出声响；五是不可以把鞋子放在井栏上；六是不可以把取水的水罐直接放入锅中；七是不可以把水罐放在地上；八是应当清洗取水器具，使之干净；九是提水进入时应当慢慢地行走；十是放在隐蔽的地方，不要妨碍他人通行。’ ‘清洗浴釜有五件事：一是应当清洗浴釜的边缘上方；二是应当清洗浴釜的内缘；三是应当清洗腰腹；四是清洗浴釜的底部；五是应当更换三次水。’ ‘吹灶有五件事：一是不可以蹲着吹火；二是不可以烧燃生的柴火；三是不可以倒着烧燃湿的柴火；四是不可以烧燃腐烂的柴火；五是不可以用热水浇灭火焰。’ ‘扫地有五件事：一是应当顺着方向扫；二是洒水时地面不应有厚薄不均；三是不可以把污水溅到四壁上；四是不可以踩踏湿地，破坏地面；五是扫完后应当立即自己捡起草和粪便，丢弃掉。’ ‘比丘（bhiksu，佛教出家男众）僧人吃饭时，沙弥（sramanera，佛教出家男众见习生）扫地，有五件事：一是经常倒退着走；二是不可以用手挑着拿；三是超过六个人的地方，把土堆积起来；四是全部扫干净，做到最好；五是应当亲自扫除，拿出去丢弃掉。’ ‘拿着水罐倒水洗手，有五件事：一是一只手拿着上面，一只手拿着下面，不可以转动或交换。二是应当靠近左边，坚持拿着，眼睛直视前方。三是应当看着对方的手倒水，不可以多也不可以少，正好倒在对方手中。四是倒水时应当距离对方的手四寸，不可以高也不可以低，应当看着水的多少；如果水少了不够一个人用，应当加水，不可以停留在对方的手上。五’