English
English version When eating, if going into the city together to beg for food, if returning together, when arriving at the usual place, if it is late in the day, if eating by still water, if by the roadside, if eating under a tree, if going ahead to wait for others, if eating from a shared bowl, if exchanging bowls, if eating face to face together, if eating one after another, if washing after eating, if leaving after washing the bowl, each should fully know how many things are involved. One should know how many things are involved when assigned to be the day's attendant for the Sangha (community of monks). When one reaches the age of twenty and wishes to receive the full monastic precepts (Bhikkhu ordination), all these things should be known. If questioned by a wise Bhikkhu (monk), and one cannot answer completely, one should not be given the full ordination. Why? If one is a Sramanera (novice monk) and does not know the duties of a Sramanera, the duties of a Sramana (monk) are very difficult and subtle. Wise Sramanera, you should go and study diligently. You should hear and know everything before being given the full ordination. The reason you do not know the Dharma (teachings) of a Sramanera is that you have not truly understood the suffering of the body and have not subdued your mind, yet you want to receive the full ordination. If I were to give you the full ordination now, people would think that the Buddha's Dharma is easy to practice and being a Sramana is easy to do, not knowing that the Buddha's path is extremely subtle, the workings of merit and demerit, and the interaction of laws. Observing him over these few days, therefore, one should ask first. If one can answer completely and act according to the Dharma, the three teachers (Upadhyaya, Karma teacher, and Preceptor) are easily obtained. ‘The teacher instructs the Sramanera in five things: First, one should respect the Mahasramana (senior or virtuous Bhikkhu); second, one should not call the Mahasramana by name; third, one should not eavesdrop when the Mahasramana is reciting the precepts; fourth, one should not seek the faults of the Mahasramana; fifth, one should not spread stories when the Mahasramana makes a mistake. This is the proper conduct of a Sramanera. ‘Furthermore, the Sramanera is taught five things: First, one should not privately scold the Mahasramana. Second, one should not belittle the Mahasramana, joking and laughing in front of them, imitating their speech, appearance, and gait. Third, upon seeing the faults of the Mahasramana, one should immediately rise and leave, whether one is reciting scriptures, eating, or doing communal work, one should not remain. Fourth, when walking and encountering a Mahasramana, one should step off the path and stop to give way. Fifth, if one is playing, upon seeing a Mahasramana, one should immediately stop and apologize, and not mention the matter again. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 是为施行所应尔。
Chinese
“沙弥事和上有十事：一者当早起；二者欲入户当先三弹指；三者具杨枝澡水；四者当授袈裟却授履；五者当扫地益澡水；六者当襞被𣏞拂拭床席；七者师出未还不得舍房中去，师还当逆取袈裟内襞之；八者若有过，和上阿阇梨教诫，不得还逆语；九者当低头受师语去，当思念行之；十者出户当还牵户闭之。是为事和上法。 “教沙弥事阿阇梨有五事：一者视阿阇梨一切当如视我；二者不得调戏；三者设呵骂汝，不得还语；四者若使汝出不净器，不得唾恶怒；五者暮当按摩之。是为事阿阇梨法也。 “事阿阇梨法，沙弥事师，当早起具杨枝澡水。有六事：一者断杨枝当随度数；二者当破头；三者当洗使令净；四者当易故宿水；五者当净澡军持。六者当满中水持入，不得使有污湔有声。是为具杨枝澡水法。 “授袈裟有四事：一者当徐徐一手排一手捉下授之；二者当次视上下；三者当止住持师衣已；四者当上着师肩上。是为授袈裟法。 “摄袈裟有四事：一者当视上下；二者不得使着地；三者当着安常处；四者覆上。是为摄袈裟法。 “持钵有四事：一者当洗令净；二者拭令燥；三者带令坚；四者不得使有声。是为持钵法。 “持锡杖有四事：一者取拭 现代汉语译本： 这是为了施行所应该做的。 ‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，佛教术语，指出家受十戒的男子）侍奉和尚（Upādhyāya，佛教术语，指亲教师）有十件事：一是应当早起；二是想要进入房间时应当先弹指三次；三是准备好杨枝（一种清洁牙齿的工具）和澡水；四是应当递上袈裟（kasaya，佛教僧侣所穿的法衣）然后递上鞋子；五是应当扫地并添加澡水；六是应当叠被子并拂拭床铺；七是师父外出未归不得擅自离开房间，师父回来时应当迎上去取袈裟并叠好；八是如果犯了过错，和尚或阿阇梨（Ācārya，佛教术语，指教授师）教诫时，不得还嘴顶撞；九是应当低头听从师父的教诲离开，应当思考并照着去做；十是出门时应当关好门。这是侍奉和尚的规矩。 ‘教导沙弥侍奉阿阇梨有五件事：一是看待阿阇梨一切应当如同看待自己；二是不可以戏弄调笑；三是即使呵斥责骂你，也不得还嘴；四是如果让你清理不干净的器具，不得厌恶发怒；五是晚上应当按摩肢体。这是侍奉阿阇梨的规矩。 ‘侍奉阿阇梨的规矩，沙弥侍奉师父，应当早起准备好杨枝和澡水。有六件事：一是折断杨枝应当按照规定的数量；二是应当破开头；三是应当清洗使之干净；四是应当更换陈旧的宿水；五是应当清洁澡罐（军持，kuṇḍikā）；六是应当装满水拿进去，不得使其有污垢或溅出水声。这是准备杨枝和澡水的规矩。 ‘递袈裟有四件事：一是应当慢慢地一手托着一手拿着递下去；二是应当依次查看上下；三是应当停止拿着师父的衣服；四是应当搭在师父的肩膀上。这是递袈裟的规矩。 ‘收袈裟有四件事：一是应当查看上下；二是不可以使其掉在地上；三是应当放在固定的地方；四是覆盖好。这是收袈裟的规矩。 ‘持钵（patra，佛教僧侣所用的食器）有四件事：一是应当洗干净；二是擦干；三是系牢；四是不可以使其发出声音。这是持钵的规矩。 ‘持锡杖（khakkhara，佛教僧侣所持的杖）有四件事：一是取来擦拭
English
English version: This is what should be done for practice. 'A Śrāmaṇera (novice monk) has ten duties towards his Upādhyāya (preceptor): first, he should rise early; second, when entering a room, he should first snap his fingers three times; third, he should prepare the tooth-cleaning twig (Yangzhi) and bathing water; fourth, he should offer the kasaya (robe) and then the shoes; fifth, he should sweep the floor and add bathing water; sixth, he should fold the bedding and dust the bed and mats; seventh, if the teacher goes out and has not returned, he should not leave the room without permission, and when the teacher returns, he should go to meet him, take the robe, and fold it; eighth, if he makes a mistake and the Upādhyāya or Ācārya (teacher) admonishes him, he should not talk back; ninth, he should lower his head and listen to the teacher's words and leave, and he should think about them and act accordingly; tenth, when leaving the room, he should close the door. These are the rules for serving the Upādhyāya.' 'There are five things in teaching a Śrāmaṇera to serve the Ācārya: first, he should regard the Ācārya as he regards himself in everything; second, he should not joke or tease; third, even if he scolds or rebukes you, you should not talk back; fourth, if he asks you to clean unclean utensils, you should not be disgusted or angry; fifth, he should massage the limbs in the evening. These are the rules for serving the Ācārya.' 'The rules for serving the Ācārya, the Śrāmaṇera serving the teacher, should rise early and prepare the tooth-cleaning twig and bathing water. There are six things: first, breaking the tooth-cleaning twig should be according to the prescribed number; second, he should break the head; third, he should wash it to make it clean; fourth, he should change the old overnight water; fifth, he should clean the bathing pot (kuṇḍikā); sixth, he should fill it with water and bring it in, and should not allow it to be dirty or splash water. These are the rules for preparing the tooth-cleaning twig and bathing water.' 'There are four things in offering the kasaya: first, he should slowly hold it with one hand supporting the other and hand it down; second, he should check the top and bottom in order; third, he should stop holding the teacher's robe; fourth, he should put it on the teacher's shoulder. These are the rules for offering the kasaya.' 'There are four things in collecting the kasaya: first, he should check the top and bottom; second, he should not let it fall on the ground; third, he should put it in a fixed place; fourth, he should cover it. These are the rules for collecting the kasaya.' 'There are four things in holding the patra (bowl): first, he should wash it clean; second, he should wipe it dry; third, he should fasten it securely; fourth, he should not let it make a sound. These are the rules for holding the bowl.' 'There are four things in holding the khakkhara (staff): first, take it and wipe it' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
去生垢；二者不得着地使有声；三者师出户乃当授；四者师出还当受取。若俱行若入众、若礼佛，亦当取持。是为持锡杖法。 “持履有四事：一者当先抖擞之；二者当视次比之；三者当澡手，不得便持袈裟；四者师坐，当取次比之。是为持履法。 “若俱应请，连坐饭时有四事：一者坐当离师六尺；二者当视师达嚫竟乃应授钵；三者不得先师食饭；四者师饭已当起取钵自近。是为连坐饭时法也。 “别坐饭时有四事：一者当立住师边；二者师教食去乃当坐去；三者头面着地作礼；四者食饭不得倨坐上戏。饭已当至师边住，师教还坐乃应坐。是为别坐饭时法也。 “入城乞食时有四事：一者当持师钵；二者当随师后，不得以足蹈师影；三者于城外当取钵授师；四者入城欲别行当报师。是为行乞食时法。 “俱行还至故处有四事：一者当先徐开户出坐具敷之；二者澡师手已乃却自澡；三者当授师钵，自却叉手住；四者当豫具澡豆手巾等。是为还归饭时法。 “过水边饭时有四事：一者当求净地；二者当求草作坐；三者当取水澡师手已，还自洗手已乃却授师钵；四者师教使饭，当作礼却坐。是为水边饭时法。 “止阴树下饭时法，有四事：一者当持钵挂着树上，采取叶作坐； 现代汉语译本 去除污垢；二是不让锡杖着地发出声音；三是师傅出门时才应该递给锡杖；四是师傅回来时应当接回锡杖。如果一起行走、进入人群、或者礼佛，也应当拿好锡杖。这些是关于持锡杖的方法。 拿着鞋子有四件事要注意：一是应当先抖掉鞋子上的灰尘；二是应当按顺序摆放好鞋子；三是应当洗手，不能直接拿着袈裟；四是师傅坐下后，应当按顺序摆放好鞋子。这些是关于拿鞋子的方法。 如果一同应邀赴宴，连在一起坐着吃饭时有四件事要注意：一是坐的位置应当离师傅六尺远；二是应当看着师傅接受供养完毕后才应该接过钵；三是不能比师傅先吃饭；四是师傅吃完饭后应当起身拿回自己的钵靠近师傅。这些是一起坐着吃饭时的方法。 如果分开坐着吃饭时有四件事要注意：一是应当站立在师傅旁边；二是师傅让去吃饭时才应当坐下；三是头面着地行礼；四是吃饭时不能傲慢地坐在上面嬉戏。吃完饭后应当到师傅旁边站着，师傅让回去坐才应该坐下。这些是分开坐着吃饭时的方法。 进入城里乞食时有四件事要注意：一是应当拿着师傅的钵；二是应当跟在师傅后面，不能用脚踩师傅的影子；三是在城外应当接过钵递给师傅；四是进入城里想要分开行走时应当禀告师傅。这些是关于乞食时的方法。 一起行走回到原来的地方有四件事要注意：一是应当先慢慢打开门，拿出坐具铺好；二是洗完师傅的手后自己再洗；三是应当递给师傅钵，自己退后叉手站立；四是应当预先准备好澡豆、手巾等。这些是关于回到住处吃饭时的方法。 经过水边吃饭时有四件事要注意：一是应当寻找干净的地方；二是应当寻找草来做座位；三是应当取水洗完师傅的手后，再洗自己的手，然后递给师傅钵；四是师傅让吃饭时，应当行礼后退下坐好。这些是水边吃饭时的方法。 在树荫下吃饭的方法，有四件事要注意：一是应当把钵挂在树上，采摘树叶来做座位；
English
English version To remove dirt; second, the staff should not touch the ground and make noise; third, the staff should be handed over when the teacher goes out; fourth, the staff should be taken back when the teacher returns. If walking together, entering a crowd, or paying homage to the Buddha, the staff should also be held properly. These are the rules for holding the Khakkhara (Buddhist monk's staff). There are four things to pay attention to when handling shoes: first, one should shake off the dust from the shoes; second, one should arrange the shoes in order; third, one should wash one's hands and not directly hold the Kasaya (monk's robe); fourth, after the teacher sits down, one should arrange the shoes in order. These are the rules for handling shoes. If invited together for a meal, there are four things to pay attention to when sitting together: first, one should sit six feet away from the teacher; second, one should wait until the teacher has received the offerings before taking the bowl; third, one should not eat before the teacher; fourth, after the teacher has finished eating, one should get up, take one's own bowl, and approach the teacher. These are the rules for eating while sitting together. If sitting separately for a meal, there are four things to pay attention to: first, one should stand beside the teacher; second, one should sit down only when the teacher instructs one to eat; third, one should prostrate with one's head to the ground; fourth, one should not sit arrogantly and play around while eating. After eating, one should stand beside the teacher, and sit down only when the teacher instructs one to return to one's seat. These are the rules for eating while sitting separately. When entering a city to beg for food, there are four things to pay attention to: first, one should carry the teacher's bowl; second, one should follow behind the teacher and not step on the teacher's shadow; third, one should take the bowl and hand it to the teacher outside the city; fourth, one should inform the teacher when one wants to go separately in the city. These are the rules for begging for food. When returning to the original place together, there are four things to pay attention to: first, one should slowly open the door and spread out the sitting mat; second, one should wash the teacher's hands before washing one's own; third, one should hand the bowl to the teacher and stand back with hands clasped; fourth, one should prepare bathing powder, towels, etc. in advance. These are the rules for returning home for a meal. When eating by the water's edge, there are four things to pay attention to: first, one should find a clean place; second, one should find grass to make a seat; third, one should take water to wash the teacher's hands, then wash one's own hands, and then hand the bowl to the teacher; fourth, when the teacher instructs one to eat, one should bow and sit down. These are the rules for eating by the water's edge. The rules for eating under the shade of a tree include four things: first, one should hang the bowl on the tree and gather leaves to make a seat; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------