Chinese
下座。 汝且莫为言, 片时待食了; 或可问中外, 颇有遮尼不? 若不问而食, 家中得本愆; 若一不遮时, 外边招恶作。 始从于众首, 皆犯于别悔; 此别别堕愆, 异前波逸底。 若在尼寺中, 施受全无过; 自己财将施, 并由重信心。 学家受食学处 若于学人家, 知众与羯磨; 苾刍饥渴逼, 虽请不应餐。 花华叶等物, 纵受亦无伤; 受床座诵经, 并开非是过。 若于他舍食, 饼惠学家儿; 擘破乃令餐, 勿使空悬望。 阿兰若住处外受食学处 若在阿兰若, 此中多恐怖; 苾刍不应出, 寺外受其餐。 若无观林者, 苾刍出受食; 寺中余处餐, 并悉招其罪。 苾刍犯罪讫, 应还至寺中; 应报诸人言: 我说鄙贱事。 第五部众学法 四种别悔法, 如犯状已陈; 自余众式叉, 次第今当说。 下裙圆整着, 不高亦不下, 不象鼻蛇头, 不作多罗叶, 亦不为豆团, 如是应当学。 支伐罗披着, 好圆整应知, 不太高及下, 好披正覆身, 少为言语声, 亦不高远视。 但睹六尺量, 可长 现代汉语译本 下座(离开座位)。 你且不要说话,稍微等一下吃完饭; 或许可以问问寺院内外,有没有遮尼(指阻止比丘尼接受食物的人)? 如果不问就吃饭,家中会因此得到罪过; 如果一次不阻止,外面会招来恶名。 一开始从大众的首领开始,都会犯别悔(一种忏悔方式); 这种别别堕(一种罪名)的罪过,不同于之前的波逸提(另一种罪名)。 如果在比丘尼寺中,施舍和接受完全没有过错; 用自己的财物来施舍,并且是出于极大的信心。 学家受食学处(关于在家居士供养食物的学习之处) 如果在学人家里,知道大众和羯磨(僧团的会议); 比丘(出家人)即使饥渴难耐,即使被邀请也不应该用餐。 花、华(花朵)、叶等物品,即使接受也没有妨碍; 接受床座、诵经,以及开导都不是过错。 如果在别人家里吃饭,把饼分给学人家的孩子; 掰开后再让他们吃,不要让他们空怀希望。 阿兰若住处外受食学处(关于在远离人烟的住处外接受食物的学习之处) 如果在阿兰若(指远离人烟的修行场所),这里有很多恐怖; 比丘不应该离开寺院,到外面接受食物。 如果没有看守林子的人,比丘出去接受食物; 在寺院的其他地方吃饭,都会招来罪过。 比丘犯了罪之后,应该回到寺院中; 应该告诉其他人说:我说了一些卑贱的事情。 第五部众学法(第五部分关于僧团的学习方法) 四种别悔法,如所犯罪行的状况已经陈述; 其余的众式叉(僧团的规矩),接下来将依次说明。 下裙要圆整地穿着,不要太高也不要太低, 不要像象鼻蛇头(指裙子的形状),不要做成多罗叶(棕榈叶), 也不要像豆团(指裙子的形状),应该这样学习。 支伐罗(袈裟)披在身上,要知道要好好地圆整, 不要太高也不要太低,好好地披着遮盖身体, 说话的声音要小,也不要高声远视。 只能看六尺的距离,可以长一些
English
English version Descent from the seat. You should not speak, wait a moment to finish eating; Perhaps you can ask inside and outside the monastery, is there a 'che ni' (遮尼, referring to someone who prevents a Bhikkhuni from receiving food)? If you eat without asking, the family will incur demerit; If you don't prevent it once, you will attract a bad reputation outside. Starting from the leader of the Sangha, everyone will commit 'Patidesaniya' (别悔, a type of confession); This offense of 'Patipatidesaniya' (别别堕, a type of offense) is different from the previous 'Pacittiya' (波逸提, another type of offense). If it is in a Bhikkhuni monastery, there is no fault in giving and receiving at all; Giving with one's own wealth, and out of great faith. The training rules for receiving food at a householder's home If at a householder's home, knowing the Sangha and the 'Kamma' (羯磨, Sangha's meeting); Even if a Bhikkhu (monk) is hungry and thirsty, he should not eat even if invited. Flowers, leaves, etc., there is no harm even if received; Receiving a bed, reciting scriptures, and giving guidance are not faults. If eating at someone else's house, divide the cake to the householder's children; Break it apart and then let them eat, do not let them have empty hopes. The training rules for receiving food outside the Aranya dwelling If in an 'Aranya' (阿兰若, referring to a secluded place for practice), there are many terrors here; A Bhikkhu should not leave the monastery to receive food outside. If there is no one guarding the forest, the Bhikkhu goes out to receive food; Eating in other places in the monastery will incur offenses. After a Bhikkhu has committed an offense, he should return to the monastery; He should tell others: 'I have said some base things.' The fifth section of Sangha training methods The four 'Patidesaniya' offenses, as the circumstances of the committed offenses have been stated; The remaining Sangha 'Siksha' (式叉, rules), will be explained in order next. The lower robe should be worn neatly, not too high and not too low, Not like an elephant's trunk or a snake's head (referring to the shape of the robe), not made like a 'Talapatra' (多罗叶, palm leaf), Nor like a bean curd (referring to the shape of the robe), one should learn in this way. The 'Civara' (袈裟, robe) should be worn, know that it should be well-rounded and neat, Not too high and not too low, wear it properly covering the body, The voice of speech should be soft, and do not look high and far. Only look at a distance of six feet, it can be longer
Chinese
于一寻; 是往俗舍像, 如是应当学。 俗家不覆头, 亦不偏抄服, 及不双抄举, 不叉腰抚肩, 不作蹲地行, 亦不足指去, 不跳不仄足, 不作柱身行, 亦不摇身行, 不掉臂而去, 不作摇头入, 不连手肩排。 未许不辄坐, 坐须善观察; 若重放身时, 此能生大过。 不叠足重踝, 亦不急踡脚; 不得长舒足, 勿使露身形。 下明恭敬食, 不应令钵满; 应留一指许, 并羹次第餐。 行食未当前, 不得预张钵; 钵不安食上, 恭敬可为餐。 团不极小大, 不得预张口; 如其口含食, 不合辄为言。 不以饭覆羹, 亦不菜盖饭; 更作希望意, 由此益贪心。 不欱不[口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱, 不呵不吹气; 不以饭置唇, 不应毁呰食。 不胀鳃啮半, 不舒舌弹舌; 不为窣睹波, 后破方餐啖。 不舐手舐钵, 不振钵振手; 当作钵中想, 系念可应餐。 不为轻慢心, 观他比坐钵; 污手不捉器, 亦不洒余人。 不于俗舍中, 弃其秽恶水; 钵不除残食, 无替钵不安。 不应立洗钵, 不安崩堕处; 逆流 现代汉语译本: 于一寻: 应当前往俗人家中时,应当这样学习: 在俗人家里,不要用东西遮盖头部,也不要斜着穿着衣服, 不要双手抄在袖子里,不要叉着腰或者抚摸肩膀, 不要蹲在地上行走,也不要用脚指指点点, 不要跳跃,不要歪着脚走路,不要像柱子一样直挺挺地站着, 也不要摇晃身体走路,不要甩着胳膊离开, 不要摇头晃脑地进入,不要和别人手挽着手或肩并着肩。 没有允许,不要随便坐下,坐下时要仔细观察周围环境; 如果过于放松身体,这会产生很大的过失。 不要双腿交叠,也不要快速地蜷缩脚; 不要长时间地伸直双腿,不要让身体暴露出来。 下面说明恭敬地饮食:不应该让钵盂装得太满; 应该留下一指宽的空隙,并且按照顺序吃菜和羹汤。 在行堂的人还没有走到面前时,不要提前张开钵盂等待; 不要把食物放在钵盂上,恭敬地接受食物才可以开始用餐。 饭团不要捏得太小或太大,不要提前张开嘴巴; 如果嘴里含着食物,不应该随便说话。 不要用饭盖住羹汤,也不要用菜盖住饭; 如果这样做,会产生希望得到更多食物的想法,由此增长贪心。 不要大口吞咽,不要发出[口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱的声音,不要呵气或吹气; 不要把饭放在嘴唇上,不应该毁坏或轻视食物。 不要腮帮子鼓鼓地咬一半食物,不要伸出舌头或用舌头发出声音; 不要为了建造窣堵波(stupa,佛塔),先把食物弄碎然后再吃。 不要舔手或舔钵盂,不要抖动钵盂或抖动手; 应当想着钵盂中的食物,集中注意力才可以开始用餐。 不要以轻慢的心,观察其他一起坐着的人的钵盂; 脏手不要触摸餐具,也不要把水洒到别人身上。 不要在俗人家中,丢弃污秽的洗钵水; 钵盂里不要留有残羹剩饭,不要随意放置钵盂。 不应该站着洗钵盂,不要在不安全或容易崩塌的地方洗; 逆流而上……
English
English version: Upon entering a layperson's home: This is how one should learn to behave. In a layperson's home, do not cover your head, nor wear your robes askew, Nor fold your hands into your sleeves, nor put your hands on your hips or shoulders, Do not walk while squatting, nor point with your foot, Do not jump, nor walk with a crooked foot, nor stand stiffly like a pillar, Nor walk swaying your body, nor leave swinging your arms, Do not enter shaking your head, nor link arms or shoulders with others. Without permission, do not sit down carelessly; when sitting, observe the surroundings carefully; If you relax your body too much, it can lead to great faults. Do not cross your legs, nor quickly curl your feet; Do not stretch your legs out for too long, nor expose your body. The following explains how to eat respectfully: one should not fill the bowl too full; One should leave a space of about a finger's width, and eat the dishes and soup in order. Before the server arrives, do not open your bowl in anticipation; Do not place food on top of the bowl; respectfully receiving the food allows you to begin eating. Do not make the food ball too small or too large, do not open your mouth in advance; If your mouth contains food, you should not speak casually. Do not cover the soup with rice, nor cover the rice with vegetables; If you do this, it will create the desire for more food, thereby increasing greed. Do not gulp or make [口*((甫-、)/寸)]㗱 sounds, do not breathe or blow air; Do not place rice on your lips, and should not disparage or despise the food. Do not chew with puffed cheeks, do not stick out your tongue or make sounds with your tongue; Do not break the food first to make a stupa (stupa, a Buddhist monument), and then eat it. Do not lick your hand or lick the bowl, do not shake the bowl or shake your hand; You should think of the food in the bowl, and focus your mind before eating. Do not with a contemptuous mind, observe the bowls of others sitting together; Do not touch the utensils with dirty hands, nor sprinkle water on others. Do not discard dirty dishwater in a layperson's home; Do not leave leftover food in the bowl, and do not place the bowl carelessly. One should not wash the bowl while standing, nor wash it in an unsafe or collapsing place; Against the current...
Chinese
不酌水, 是护钵应知。 次明说法事, 己立前人坐; 或己坐他卧, 无病并不应。 己下他在高, 人前自居后; 他道己非道, 覆顶等同前。 他乘象马舆, 及着鞋履等, 着冠帽系头, 及以花鬘饰, 持盖仗剑甲, 斯皆是慢仪; 除身带病人, 说法便招罪。 不立大小便, 不于青草上; 一二指洟唾, 除病并招愆。 不上过人树, 唯除有难缘; 式叉羯阑尼, 是悉应当学。 七灭诤法 已于众学法, 略言其大纲; 七灭诤相应, 次第今当说。 所谓评论等, 有随法能除; 方便七种殊, 由人有差别。 应差中正人, 摄敛身语者; 众内当差举, 称理和其诤。 无欲无瞋痴, 并以无恐怖, 及移不可移, 除诤应差此。 评论诤若起, 可将现前除; 及以法现前, 当依大师教。 由现前能除, 故斯名现前; 为少慧念者, 且陈其一隅。 若九人十人, 是大众差遣; 此差五或过, 名为差重差。 凡差重差人, 正直明三箧; 上座不朋一, 能为灭诤人。 若无其五德, 设已差应退; 具德者应差, 令作行筹者 现代汉语译本 不应泼洒洗钵水,这是护持钵具应知的事项。 接下来阐明说法的仪轨:预先为听法者安排座位;或者自己坐着而他人躺卧,在没有疾病的情况下都是不应允许的。 自己处于下方而他人处于高位,在他人面前自己处于后方;他人所说是正道而自己所说不是,如同以衣物覆盖他人头顶一样都是不敬的行为。 他人乘坐象、马、轿子,以及穿着鞋子等,戴着帽子束着头发,以及用花鬘装饰,拿着伞、拄着拐杖、穿着盔甲,这些都是傲慢的表现;除非是身带疾病的人,否则如此说法便会招致罪过。 不在站立时大小便,不在青草地上大小便;不用一两个手指擦拭鼻涕和唾液,除非生病,否则都会招致过失。 不攀爬高于人的树木,除非有紧急情况;求学戒女(式叉羯阑尼,Siksamana)应该学习这些。 七灭诤法 已经在僧团中学习的戒律,简略地说出其要点;与七灭诤相应的法门,现在依次解说。 所谓的评论等,有些可以通过随顺正法来消除;方便的方法有七种不同,因为不同的人情况有差别。 应该选出公正的人,能够约束身语的人;在僧团内部应当推举,依据道理来调和争端。 没有贪欲、没有嗔恨、没有愚痴,并且没有恐惧,以及对于不可移动的事物不移动,为了消除争端应当选择这样的人。 评论引起的争端,可以用现前法来消除;以及用法律现前,应当依据大师的教导。 因为可以通过现前法来消除争端,所以这被称为现前法;为了智慧和记忆力不足的人,姑且陈述其中的一部分。 如果九人或十人,这是大众的差遣;这种差遣五人或超过五人,称为差重差。 凡是差重差的人,应当正直且通晓三藏(三箧);上座不偏袒任何一方,能够成为平息争端的人。 如果没有这五种德行,即使已经被推举也应当辞退;具备德行的人应当被推举,让他担任行筹者。
English
English version One should not pour out water used for washing the alms bowl; this is something one should know to protect the bowl. Next, explaining the proper conduct for teaching the Dharma: prepare a seat for the listener beforehand; or it is not appropriate if oneself is sitting while others are lying down, unless they are ill. If oneself is below and others are above, if oneself is behind others in their presence; if what others say is the right path and what oneself says is not, it is disrespectful, like covering someone's head with clothing. Others riding elephants, horses, palanquins, and wearing shoes, wearing hats and tying up their hair, and adorned with flower garlands, holding umbrellas, carrying staffs, swords, and armor—these are all signs of arrogance; unless one is ill, teaching the Dharma in this way will invite sin. Do not urinate or defecate while standing, do not urinate or defecate on green grass; do not wipe nasal mucus or saliva with one or two fingers, unless ill, it will invite transgression. Do not climb trees taller than people, unless there is an emergency; a Siksamanas (Siksamana) should learn these things. The Seven Methods for Settling Disputes The precepts already learned in the Sangha (community), briefly state their main points; the methods corresponding to the seven ways of settling disputes, will now be explained in order. So-called discussions, etc., some can be eliminated by following the Dharma; there are seven different expedient methods, because the circumstances differ for different people. One should select impartial people, those who can restrain their body and speech; they should be recommended within the Sangha, and reconcile disputes according to reason. Without greed, without hatred, without delusion, and without fear, and not moving what cannot be moved, one should choose such people to eliminate disputes. Disputes arising from discussions can be eliminated by the present Dharma; and by the law being present, one should follow the teachings of the master. Because disputes can be eliminated by the present Dharma, it is called the present Dharma; for those with little wisdom and memory, let us present a portion of it. If nine or ten people, this is a dispatch from the assembly; this dispatch of five or more people is called a repeated dispatch. All those who are repeatedly dispatched should be upright and knowledgeable in the Tripitaka (three baskets); the senior monk should not be biased towards one side, and be able to be a person who settles disputes. If one does not have these five virtues, even if one has been recommended, one should decline; those with virtues should be recommended to serve as the one who distributes the counting sticks.