English
\5R4fd II rabh, 4 grasp ’ (W^a -rabh, ‘ begin ’), I, A. T^t II pf. ^ | FT. I PS. I AO. I PP. I OH- I INF. | CS. ^*Wdfd I DS. II LIST OF VERBS 225 T* ram, ‘ 6port,’ I, A. (P. only when transitive) || tf. | AO. FT. I INF. I FF - Tdl GD. I PS. ^♦qr) I cs. | ds. fTW* U TT^ruj, ‘ shine,’ I, II ^TT^, I TT^Rfd II ^ ru, * cry,’ II, P. <tfd J ^*R *> II pf. Wd J I PP. ^d I INF. I CS. '<Nlfa I AO. I IN ' T - TtT" ^fd; ll *5 rud, ‘weep,’ II, P; Of^fd > I imp. 4l04*i or ^rO<0 : > ^nft<d° r ^<t(ld,; ^to^i irv.'O^lPn, ^rjl or. ^TRII PF - ^0< I AO. | FT. | PS. I ^f^d \ OJ & 1 ‘ORdH 1 tt^ifd i 1 11 ?t^rudh, ‘shut out,’. VII, ^fd, (p. 100) U pf. I ao. Wit or dlOdfid. J I rr. ■VtV^fd | rs. I I ^fT, | I <t*Rfd I Wdfd II ruh, ‘grow,’ I, P. ^tffd II pf. I ao. dR^d or *RSd I *• I PS. | PP. ^5 I GD. | XKF. t^d I cs. Xt^rfT! or <fr q qfd I ds. tvtv^jfrr 11 ^WJabh, ‘ grasp,’ I, A. || pf. | ft. | rs. | pp. | od. *ra|T, | cs. <?iqqfci | ds. U likh, ‘ scratch,’ VI, P. fulfil || pf. 1 rs. l pp - t^Pdd l od. t^rt%WT, I cs. q RRf d U ^lu, ‘cut,’ IX, ^rrfcT, II PF. ^TR, | pp. II ^ vac, ‘ speak,’ n, P. dfd, dfdi; df:, dd*:, I isi p- 'dddd* dldd} dR^!; r^irl d|c|#f, dRlfi, (dR^d) | ipv. *RTfd, dP*, d^$ ; ddld I op. d^JTd H pf. d^Id ; ^pwj | q * 226 APPENDIX I ao. I ft. d^fd J dFiT I PS. 'd-qfa | ao. ^31 fa | ^ 1 , °ddj | I cs. did *4 fa | ds. fa d dfa 0 vad, ‘speak,’ I, P. d^fa II pf. ddT^ ; | AO , dTdT- t 0 ( l I t- dfa^rfa i ps. i pp. dfad i df^cdT, °^j i JVP. dfafjd; | C8. dT^dfa I DS. fadfadfa Q vap, ‘ sow/ I, ddfa II PF. ddfad or dd*d ; | AO. I FT. d*^fa or dfa^fa I PS. | PP. ^F I CS, dTddfa II ^vas, ‘desire,* Il.P.dftd, dfa, dfe J ; ^faf | JMP. did^, dldZ ; | n>v. dSITfa, dfj , dj l op. Wfa H cs. dddfa U ^ vas, ‘ dwell,* I, P. ddfa II pf. ddTO ; I ao. dfdT- dffa I ft- drtdfa I ps. | pp. 'dfad I gd. ■'3fN<dl, I ikf. d^*< | cs. dTFdfa II vas, ‘ wear,’ II, A. d% || pf. dd% I pp. qfad I od. qfa gn, I INI'. I CS. n^fd B vah, ‘ carry, ’ I, dtjfa, II PF. 'ddhj ; &W'. I AO. dfdT- "dfa | FT. d^dfa I PS. d&F | AO. ^dlfa I PP. I GD. °^ff I IVP. I CS. dlfdfa I INT. dTdftfa II vid, ‘ know, * n, p. %f%r, %faf, %fd; fa^:, fad:, fdxT* fa^, fa<q , fa^fal I imp. did! or dfar^; dlfa^, ^fa-rt^, drfdrTTF.; drfd^J, drfdrT, dlfa^d or 'dfaif: I ipv.%^Tfa, fa fa, ^rj; *^c^Td, farTF., fa^lF.; %^RT, far!, fa^d | op. fa^fa II ff. fad^ or fa^iqdiK I ao. I ft. c|fa*dfd I ps. fadfa I fafad I faf^tdT I dfar<J*l I *3^qfa I fafafaMfa 0 pk. pf. nd, ^ ,* fa^(> fa^^l*, fad. 3 * fa^, fa^* ( 1 39 3 ) U LIST OF VERBS 227 fa? vid, ‘find,* VI, fa^fa, H fa^, fafa^ I ao. ^fa<<V, ^fq<d I ^$|(d, I rs. fa^fa (‘there exists’) | PP. f^Tf or fafl 1 fdldT, 0 fa| I \ CS. %^dfd I DS. fafa<qfd u fa*l vis, ‘ enter,’ VI, P. fa^Tfa || PF. | AO. rr. *^x$lfd I ps. fq¥() I ao. dfafal I pp. fan I °faT|l | I cs. %3nrtrr I AO. V 4Jr\fd^d v | DS. fafa^lfd U f vr, * cover,’ V, fTlftfa, fTJJ^ II pf. ddTT> d^S J dfd ', | PS. fade) I ^d I °fW I inf. or dO<JH I C8. dKdfa n ^ vr, * choose,’ IX, A. II ff. | AO. *d^d I PS. fad<) | pp. ^d I xnf. dOcj*^ | cs. d<dfrt II fc^v r t, ‘exist,’ I, A. (P. also in ao., ft.) d<fa || pf. | AO. ‘Jlcjncl. I T. ^n?kt or Wft I PP. eJdT I OD. °^dj I INF. dfacjd. i C8 dfcfdD fVvrdh, * increase,* I, A. (P. also in ao., ft.) d^fa Q pf. d*J^J | AO. djf\*d., ^ddfafe I FT. dC^Sfd | PP. ^ I INF. d ftffl*! I C8. d^Sdfd, °?) I AO. u ^H.vyadh, ‘ pierce,* IV, P. fa^dfa U pf. fadTH* ; fdfd\j: I ps. fa^ | pp. | od. fa^T, °fald | cs. d|\adfd U j,‘go,* i, p. s^fct 11 pp. ddi*, ddfarari ao. wr- ^dj rr. dfaoqfa | ps. d^q% I pp. dfaid I od. d falta r, °d5U | inf. dfag*^ | cs. dTOdf?l 11 W^vrasc, ‘cut,’ VI, P. f^fd U ps. | pp. *pfUT | 0 d. f 5 T> o ySIH ^ saqis, ‘praise,’ I, P. *fdfa || I ao. dTSPEftdJ ^td I PS. | TJdT | ^rr, n^T , jjftgiu ca. ^Ttd II 228 APPENDIX I Ipfi sak, ‘be able,’ V, P. 0 pf. ; ^j: | A0 . I fT- I rs. IRq^ | pp. IRf and Rf^T I ds. fa^fcT II TRsap, curse,’ I, ’JRfTT, || pp. RIJR, ^ | rr. U fggfl | rs. I pp. SR I cs. R R ^ fd || ^THsam, ‘cease,’ IV, P. STT^fa || pf. \ PP . ^THrl I cs. or II W*jfrf | ao. || IfR^sivs/order,* II, P. ^Tf%; i. du. ; 3. pl. IJTOfd I MP. mrr: or mR: ^fipR ; ^ttr: 1 ,pv * ^Trcrrfa, nifa, hrj; irrcn^, fireR; jpmv, fire. irrog 1 OP. fWRii pp ^nmr i ao. ^tiRc^ i rr. ht- f%^lf7T I PS. or fll^F* | pp. RTfar! or fag | on. infa?vr 1 i.vr. itrjr II fa\sis, ‘leave,’VII, P. flRfe; fa^:; flRfid | iff. flR- ^Tfx?T, faff, fipre 11 ps. fsjvjri 1 fire 1 fagr, °faxzr , cs. *R*jfd II ^ft s'T/lie,’II. A. ifa, ^R, iRfa, IRP* ; ir< 7 t 1 imp. mi fa, ^sfasrr:, mR; ^rcRf?, m<<n:nR, i n>v. ifa, sRr, Irtr; irwI, irwir, irthttr ; iRfa|, ^RTR I op. ifaR II pp. faa$l | ao. *3l3|fag | it. Rfa^ I pp. TTfafT I cs. ITTR^fa I DS. fanfa^ II sue, ‘ grieve,’ I, P. iffaR II pp- I A0 - **^<1 I it. ifrfaisqfa 1 gd. iftfa?rr 1 ixf. iftfagni<*• iffa^R n fa sri/go,’ I, SRfd, R II PF. fa3IR, fafafa I ao. ’Slfa- faRc^l it. ^ifasjR, R | ps. | pp. farT ! gd. ^ifa^T, °faSI | ixf. ^rfa^R II LIST OF VERBS 229 ^ sru, ‘hear,’ V, P. gnfffd ; gijpr: J U gdTd, ; I. DU., 2 PL. ; ggg: 1 ao. dpfNhu it. ; TtirlV I ps- ^< 4 ^ I ao. ^AStlfq | pp. ^fd I gd. , Ov M >J OZ ^J I INF. | CS. ll 4 |fd I D8. II d^svas , 4 breathe,’ II, P. ^lfr| t| pf. Igdld [ rr. d fa ^ fd | pp. or ^fdd | gd. o^T I inf. ^^fd^d. I cs. ^Id^fd || sailj, ‘adhere,* I, P. d^tfa II pf. d^ 5 < | ao. ^Idl^ld. I ps. | pp. -Hrh | gd. | inf. *1 J+t. I cs. dsTSrfd II ^ sad, ‘sink,’ I, P. dt^fil II pf. WI^, or d*Rd *, I ao. I it- ^ifd I rs. d^J?t I pp. dW I gd. | inf. dgd. i cs. di^dfa u sah, ‘ bear/ I, A. df% II ft. dff^R* ; dWT I ps. WWft I rp. dW 1 gd. 1 ink. 1 cs. *rnprf?T 11 1 %^ sic, ‘ sprinkle,’ VI, fd^Fd, Q pf. fd^, fdfc% \ ao. ^Rrqc^, d | %^rfd, 0^ ! „ | pp. fddi | od. fdm, °fWZl l cs. %ddf*T, <% || sidh, 4 repel,’ I, P. %\rfd II pf. fd^\| | ao. | ir.%fvigf?T and %<drfa 1 PS. | f%d | INF. CS. U g su, 4 press out,’ v.g^fa, gg?l (p. 98) 11 pf. g*rrc, gg^ i it. dWa \ ps. gd% l pp- g<f i od. ogw I cs. m*nfH 11 g^su , 4 b ear,’ II, A. gj* \ imp. ^dgd | ipv. g%, g^d, gdTd. I OP- g^d II PP. gg^ I FT. dfq®i|r{ or *Tl^ | PS. gjq^ I gd U ^sr/go/1, p. drfa u pp. ddrr, dd^; d^; dg: i PP. ^Rtqfd I PP. ^d I GD. I INF. d^d. | cs. d n/qfd II ^^sri, 4 emit,’ VI, P. *£^(ci H pf. dd^f I ao. I 230 APPENDIX I rr.^T^ ft 1 ”• I OD - ^?T, 0^1 I INF. | CS. *nfaft i ds. fwwtfii n srp, ‘ creep,’ I, P. *P?ft II pf. ^Rn 5 ,* | 1 ra i pp i ca. ^r* 5 ^ifrf i ds. fa* m ft n ^W^stambh, ‘prop,’ IX, P. ^TOTft I ipv. ^p*Tft, WR, ^nrrg ii pf. wri i ps. i ao. wfti i pp. **ra* 1 0D . °^R7 I ihf. I CS. II ^ stu, ‘ praise,’ II, ^ftft or ^piftft I imp. or W or ^r4tg i ^Tft, g 4 fa 11 pf. jetr i ao. or 4 ft, ^HsHg | FT. ^ffalft | PS. I pp. gel I OD. g^rr, i inf. cs. ^rroiift i D s. g^ift 11 *3 sl r , * cover,’ V or IX, ^Tlftft or *)R!lft l| pf. cTOTT, ^ I n. ^fl^ft | ps. (as if from *sT stf, 58 ) | pp. ^pT | CD. ^pTT, °^I I cs. ^U<ilft II ^TT stha, ‘ stand,* I, ftfcft || pf. r^ft | ao. 'ST^Tcf I rr. wimfo I PS. 1 AO. WTf^I I PP. ftjR I OD. ftjttlT, °wtq 1 inf. wrfpi 1 cs. ^mrcrft i ds. ftgmft h sprs, ‘ touch,’ VI, P. *JVjft || pf. W 1 # I ao. I FT. ^Rt^ft I PS. I pp. ^ I OD. ^T, I cs. ^RJ^I INF. wfaft l DS. ft^pjft II 1W smi, ‘smile,’ I, A. || pf. | ao. Wf*TC I PP. ftm 1 OD. 0 f?R{R | CS. WTR^ft or WPTRft II smr, ‘ remember,’ I, P. <H<,ft || pf. ^HT I t. ^rfT" *Zfft I PS. | pp. | od. 1, | inf. cs. 11 syand, ' drop,’ T, A. II pf. 41*3^ I ps. SI"i|r) I pp. ^rar i cs. n g sru, ‘flow,’ I, P. ^fTT u PF. | FT. r<!lfa I gcT II LIST OP VERBS 23I ^^svaj, ‘ embrace,’ I, A. I) I pp. I svap, ‘ sleep,’ II, P. D pp. ; ggg: 1 ao. wnfK 1 1 ps. gxqft 1 ao. mmfq 1 pp. w GD. I TXT. I ca. ^iMqfct | s. n ^ban,‘kill,*II,P.ff%; fHi; Vf^rT | imp. ^^| ipv. Wf^, ^*d ; ^rj | op. %*q\ci 11 pp. 3 TMH I ao. i rr. ^f*rofd 1 ps. 1 pp. fci 1 gd. ^=rr, °^ccr 1 TXT. I cs. I D8. f^reiqft II ?T ha, ‘leave,* III, P. | ipv. WfTfa, ^fTg; ^TtJ Q pp. wft, or offTO I ao. or pp. Wl^Vri I PS. tffaB I pp. ffa I OD. f^lT, <>fTO | inf. 1 a. STTOfTl I DS. f%T 5 TOfcf II fffohirps, ‘strike,* VII, P. I imp. > ^rf^TCJ IPV - f^raTf^T, f^rej I op. f^Tc^ U pp. | A0 . I FT. I PS. I | CS. || y hn, ‘ sacrifice,* III, (p. 96) II pf. b|g|q or ^RTT I AO. w. I ps. I jTcT I GD. I INF. [ CS. I DS. I INT. l| I hr, ‘take,* I, °% B pp. ^ I ao. 1 ft. 1 ps. fgzfo 1 ao. wgrfX i ^ I OD. l^T, °1^T I CS. ^IV^fn I DS. t%rfWf7T, [ INT. B hn, ‘be ashamed,* III, p. T^JTd; f^fcr:; f%cf]prf?n 1 IPV * f*tg l op. f^O^K u PP. ftiw; I pp. or ytcl | cs. jjnqfd I INT. R ^ hve, * call,* I, 5 ^f?T, ^B pf. ^3Tf: | ft. 5TO%I W 1 OD ‘ ^ rT I F. 51'fJ^I cs. I APPENDIX II METRE IN CLASSICAL SANSKRIT The versification of classical Sanskrit differs considerably from that of the Vedio hymns, being more artificial, more subject to strict rules, and showing a far greater number of varieties of metre. Classical Sanskrit metres are divided into— I. those measured by the number of syllables; II. those measured by the number of morae they contain. Nearly all Sanskrit poetry is written in stanzas consisting of four metrical lines or quarter-verses (called pada,‘ foot ’= quarter). These stanzas are regularly divided into hemisticlis or half-verses. Quantity is measured as in Latin and Greek. Vowels are long by nature or by positiou. Two consonants make a preceding short vowel long by position, Auusvara and Visarga counting as full consonants. A short vowel counts as one mora (matra), a long vowel (by nature or position) as two. Metres measured by Syllables (Aksara-cchandah). Those consist of— A. two half-verses identical in structure, while the quarter- verses I and 3 differ from 2 and 4. B.