English
Mount Sumeru. Sumeru. Sumeru. Parvataraja (梵文天城体：parvatārāja，梵文罗马拟音：parvataraja，Literal meaning: King of Mountains). King of Mountains. Sumeru Parishanda. The terraces of Mount Sumeru. Chakravāla (梵文天城体：cakravāla，梵文罗马拟音：cakravāla，Literal meaning: Wheel-enclosure). Surroundings. Mahāchakravāla (梵文天城体：mahācakravāla，梵文罗马拟音：mahācakravāla，Literal meaning: Great Wheel-enclosure). Great surroundings. Lokāloka (梵文天城体：lokāloka，梵文罗马拟音：lokāloka，Literal meaning: World and Non-world). Manifest and unmanifest are also its names. The names of the seven inner mountains. Nimindhara (梵文天城体：nimindhara，梵文罗马拟音：nimindhara，Literal meaning: Holder of the Perimeter). Holder of the Perimeter. Ashvakarṇa (梵文天城体：aśvakarṇa，梵文罗马拟音：aśvakarṇa，Literal meaning: Horse-ear). Horse-ear. Sudarśana (梵文天城体：sudarśana，梵文罗马拟音：sudarśana，Literal meaning: Good to See). Beautiful to see. Khadiraka (梵文天城体：khadiraka，梵文罗马拟音：khadiraka，Literal meaning: Having Catechu). Having Catechu. Īṣādhāra (梵文天城体：īṣādhāra，梵文罗马拟音：īṣādhāra，Literal meaning: Holder of the Plow-shaft). Holder of the Plow-shaft. Yugandhara (梵文天城体：yugandhara，梵文罗马拟音：yugandhara，Literal meaning: Holder of the Yoke). Holder of the Yoke. Vinataka (梵文天城体：vinataka，梵文罗马拟音：vinataka，Literal meaning: Well-bowed). Well-bowed. Thus it is. The famous mountains of Jambudvipa. Gandhamādana (梵文天城体：gandhamādana，梵文罗马拟音：gandhamādana，Literal meaning: Intoxicated by Fragrance). Fragrant. Himavān (梵文天城体：himavān，梵文罗马拟音：himavān，Literal meaning: Snowy Mountain). Snowy Mountain. Kailāśa (梵文天城体：kailāśa，梵文罗马拟音：kailāśa，Literal meaning: Kailash). Mount Tise (Mount Kailash). Malaya (梵文天城体：malaya，梵文罗马拟音：malaya，Literal meaning: Malaya). Kept as is, it is called Mount Malaya. Vindhya (梵文天城体：vindhya，梵文罗马拟音：vindhya，Literal meaning: Vindhya). Piercing. Potalaka (梵文天城体：potalaka，梵文罗马拟音：potalaka，Literal meaning: Potalaka). Boat, that is, the southern residence of Avalokiteśvara. Raksha Giri. Rakshasa Mountain, that is, called Copper-colored Glorious Mountain. From the Immortal Treasury, the special mountain name of the Rakshasa place. Trikūṭa (梵文天城体：trikūṭa，梵文罗马拟音：trikūṭa，Literal meaning: Three Peaks). Three-peaked mountain. Trikakakutra (梵文天城体：trikakakutra，梵文罗马拟音：trikakakutra，Literal meaning: Three Peaks). Three peaks. It is said. It is said that this mountain is in the city of Lanka, so experts say that it seems to be the one known as the Copper-colored Glorious Mountain. Five Peak Mountain, in eastern China, is the residence of Manjushri. Vipulapārśva (梵文天城体：vipulapārśva，梵文罗马拟音：vipulapārśva，Literal meaning: Wide Flank). Wide side. Vaidehaka Parvata (梵文天城体：vaidehaka parvata，梵文罗马拟音：vaidehaka parvata，Literal meaning: Vaidehaka Mountain). Body-Superior Mountain. There are many kinds of mountains like these, as mentioned in the Great Peacock Sutra and others. The gods and place names residing in mountains, oceans, rivers, etc., that gather in the retinue of the Buddha are commonly used. Steep mountain. Aṭaṭa (梵文天城体：aṭaṭa，梵文罗马拟音：aṭaṭa，Literal meaning: Cliff). That is, a cliff. Prapāta (梵文天城体：prapāta，梵文罗马拟音：prapāta，Literal meaning: Falling Place). Called a falling place. Bhṛgu (梵文天城体：bhṛgu，梵文罗马拟音：bhṛgu，Literal meaning: Steep Slope). Steep slope. Kaṭaka (梵文天城体：kaṭaka，梵文罗马拟音：kaṭaka，Literal meaning: Mountain Waist). Mountain waist. The name of a flat place on the top or side of a mountain. Snu (梵文天城体：snu，梵文罗马拟音：snu，Literal meaning: Mountain Valley). Called a mountain valley. Prastha (梵文天城体：prastha，梵文罗马拟音：prastha，Literal meaning: Plateau). Plateau, that is, a terrace. Sānu (梵文天城体：sānu，梵文罗马拟音：sānu，Literal meaning: Mountain Slope). Mountain slope. Prāgbhāra (梵文天城体：prāgbhāra，梵文罗马拟音：prāgbhāra，Literal meaning: Bird's Nest). Bird's nest. Darī (梵文天城体：darī，梵文罗马拟音：darī，Literal meaning: Mountain Ravine). Mountain ravine. Nihampa (梵文天城体：nihampa，梵文罗马拟音：nihampa，Literal meaning: Mountain Foot). Mountain foot. Upatyakā (梵文天城体：upatyakā，梵文罗马拟音：upatyakā，Literal meaning: Mountain Foot). Mountain foot. Adhityakā (梵文天城体：adhityakā，梵文罗马拟音：adhityakā，Literal meaning: Mountain Top). Mountain top. Karbaṭapradeśa (梵文天城体：karbaṭapradeśa，梵文罗马拟音：karbaṭapradeśa，Literal meaning: Rocky Area). Rocky area or the area around the mountain. Kūṭa (梵文天城体：kūṭa，梵文罗马拟音：kūṭa，Literal meaning: Peak). Destroyer, that is, the mountain top. Śikharam (梵文天城体：śikharam，梵文罗马拟音：śikharam，Literal meaning: Peak). Peak. Śṛṅgam (梵文天城体：śṛṅgam，梵文罗马拟音：śṛṅgam，Literal meaning: Horn). Horn, that is, the peak. Sikharam Sānu (梵文天城体：sikharam sānu，梵文罗马拟音：sikharam sānu，Literal meaning: Peak Mountain Slope). Peak or summit. Himavān Parvata (梵文天城体：himavān parvata，梵文罗马拟音：himavān parvata，Literal meaning: Snowy Mountain). Snowy mountain or snowy mountain. A place on the mountainside that is difficult to pass. Durga (梵文天城体：durga，梵文罗马拟音：durga，Literal meaning: Difficult to Traverse). That is, difficult to pass. This is also the name of a fortress. Giri Gahvara (梵文天城体：giri gahvara，梵文罗马拟音：giri gahvara，Literal meaning: Mountain Cave). Mountain cave or jungle. Parvata Kandara (梵文天城体：parvata kandara，梵文罗马拟音：parvata kandara，Literal meaning: Mountain Cave). Mountain cave. Giri Kuñjā (梵文天城体：giri kuñjā，梵文罗马拟音：giri kuñjā，Literal meaning: Mountain Grove). Herb field. Uras (梵文天城体：uras，梵文罗马拟音：uras，Literal meaning: Hot Spring). Having hot springs.
Tibetan
་གྱི་རིའི་མིང་། རི་སོགས་ཆུ་རྒྱུན་དྲག་འབབ་ཅན་ལ། ནིརྫྷ་རཿ ཆུ་སྒྲ་ཅན་དང་། ཛྷ་རཿ སྒྲོགས་ལྡན་ཟེར། ད་རཱི། བཅོས་མའི་ཕུག་པ། ཀནྡ་རཿ བྱས་པའི་ཕུག་པ། མ་བཅོས་རང་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཕུག་པར། གུ་ཧཱ། ཕུག །ག་ཧྭ་རཾ། རི་ཕུག་སོགས་སོ། །སྡོང་རོས་དང་མཚལ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁམས་འབྱུང་བའི་རི་ལ་དེའི་མིང་དུ་གདགས། དབྱིབས་དང་མདོག་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་རི་ཡི་མིང་སྣ་ཚོགས་བཏགས་པ་དེ་ལྟར་ཤེས་པར་བྱའོ། ༈ །གཉིས་པ་ཤིང་གི་མིང་ལ། བྲྀཀྵཿ ལྗོན་པ། བྲྀཀྵཿ ཤིང་། བི་ཊ་བིན྄། ལྗོན་པ། པཱ་ད་པཱཿ རྐང་པས་འཐུང་བ། ཏ་རུཿ ཆུར་མི་ལྷུང་། སཱ་ལཿ འདབ་བསྐྱོད། དྲུཿ སྡོང་པོ། དྲུ་མཿ དང་། ཀཱ་ར་སྐ་རཿ ལྗོན་ཤིང་། མ་ཧཱི་རུ་ཏཿ ས་སྐྱེས། ཤཱ་ཁཱི། ཡལ་ག་ཅན། ཨ་ནོ྅་ཀ་ཧཿ ཤིང་རྟ་འགྲོ་འགོག ཀུ་ཋཿ སྒྲ་འབྱིན། ཀུ་ཊཿ ཀྱ་ཀྱུ་ཅན། པ་ལཱ་ཤིན྄། ལོ་མ་ཅན། ཨ་ག་མཿ འགྲོ་མེད། རྣམས་ཤིང་སྤྱིའི་མིང་ངོ་། །པླཀྵ་དང་ཨུ་དུམ་ཝ་རིའི་ཤིང་སོགས་རེ་འགའ་ལས་རྒྱུན་དུ་མེ་ཏོག་མེད་པར་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱིན་པའི་ཤིང་གི་མིང་ལ། བ་ནསྦ་ཏིཿ འབྲས་ལྡན་ནགས་ཀྱི་བདག་པོ་ཟེར། འདི་ནགས་སྤྱི་ལའང་འཇུག་པར་བཤད་པ་ཡོད། ཨཱ་མྲ་སྐྱུ་རུ་ར་སོགས་མེ་ཏོག་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱུང་བའི་ལྗོན་པའི་མིང་། བཱ་ནསྤ་ཏྱཿ མེ་ཏོག་འབྲས་ལྡན་ནམ་ནགས་བདག་སྐྱེས། ཆུ་ཤིང་སོགས་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱིན་ནས་འཇིགས་པའི་ཤིང་གི་མིང་ལ། ཨོ་ཥ་དྷྱཿ བསྲེག་འཛིན་ཟེར། དུས་ཚིགས་སུ་འབྲས་བུ་འབྱིན་པའི་ཤིང་ལ། ཨ་བནྡྱུཿ མོ་གཤམ་མིན། ཞེས་དང་། བ་ལེ་གྲ་ཧིཿ འབྲས་འཛིན་ཟེར། འབྲས་བུ་མེད་པ་ལ། བནྡྷཿ མོ་གཤམ་དང་། ཨ་ཕ་ལཿ འབྲས་མེད་སོགས་ཟེར། མེ་ཏོག་འདབ་མ་སོགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྒྱས་པའི་ཤིང་གི་མིང་། བྲ་ཕུལླཿ རབ་ཤར་དང་། ཉེར་ཕྱེ། ཡང་དག་རྒྱས། སོགས་སུ་བརྗོད། སྡོང་པོ་བཅད་ཀྱང་སར་གནས་རྩ་བའི་མིང་ ལ། སྡྱཱ་ནུ། སྡོང་རྩ། དྷྲུ་བཿ བརྟན་པོ། དང་། ཤངྐུཿ རྩ་ཀོག ཡལ་གའམ་རྩ་བ་ཕྲ་མོ་ལ། ཀྵུ་པ། སྐྱོད་བྱེད་དེ་སྐྲད་དང་ཆུ་བའང་ཟེར། སྡོང་པོ་ཆེ་བ་མེད་པའི་ཡལ་ག་མང་པོ་སྤུངས་སྐྱེས་ལ། སྟམྦཿ ལྗོན་ཕུང་། གུལྨཿ དཀྲི་བྱེད་ཟེར། པལླཱི། འཁྲི་ཤིང་། པྲ་ཏ་ཏིཿ གུ་གེ ལ་ཏཱ། ལྕུག་ཕྲན། འཁྲི་ཤིང་ཡལ་ག་ལོ་མ་མང་པོ་ཅན་ལ། གུལྨི་ནིཿ ཡལ་འདབ་ཅན། བཱི་རུ་ཏ། རྣམ་འགོག ཨུ་ལ་བཿ ཚང་ཚིང་ཅན་ཟེར། རི་དང་ཤིང་སོགས། ཨུཙྪྭཱ་ཡཿ མཐོ་བ། ཨུཏྶེ་དྷཿ བསྟོད་པ། ཨུཙྪ་ཡཿ བསྒྲེང་བ་སྟེ་དེ་རྣམས་ཤིང་སོགས་ཀྱི་རྩེ་མོ་མཐོ་བའི་མིང་ངོ་།
Chinese
山的名字。对于有强烈水流的山等，尼惹拉（藏文，निर झर，nirjhara，水声）意为有水声，扎拉（藏文，झर，jhara，响亮）意为有响声。达日（藏文，दरी），人造的洞穴。坎达拉（藏文，कन्दर，kandara），已造的洞穴。对于非人造的天然洞穴，古哈（藏文，गुहा，guhā，洞穴），意为洞穴。嘎瓦让（藏文，गह्वरं，gahvaraṃ），意为山洞等。对于产生树脂和朱砂等矿物的山，用这些名称来命名。通过形状和颜色等方式来命名的各种山名，应该这样理解。第二，树的名字。布日克沙（藏文，वृक्ष，vṛkṣa，树木），意为树木。布日克沙（藏文，वृक्ष，vṛkṣa，树木），意为树木。比达彬（藏文，विटपिन्，viṭapin，树木），意为树木。巴达巴（藏文，पादपा，pādapāḥ，以足饮者），意为树木。达如（藏文，तरु，taru，不落入水中），意为树木。萨拉（藏文，साल，sāla，枝叶摇动），意为树木。德如（藏文，द्रु，dru，树干），意为树干。德如玛（藏文，द्रुम，druma），意为树木。嘎拉斯嘎拉（藏文，कारस्कर，kāraskara，树木），意为树木。玛哈日达（藏文，महीरुत，mahīruta，地上生），意为地上生。夏卡（藏文，शाखी，śākhī，有枝条），意为有枝条。阿诺嘎哈（藏文，अनोकहा，anokaha，阻止树木移动），意为阻止树木移动。古塔（藏文，कुठ，kuṭha，发出声音），意为发出声音。古达（藏文，कुट，kuṭa，弯曲），意为弯曲。巴拉辛（藏文，पलाशिन्，palāśin，有叶），意为有叶。阿嘎玛（藏文，अगम，agama，不移动），意为不移动。这些是树木的总称。普拉卡沙和乌敦瓦里的树等，有些通常没有花而结果的树的名字，瓦那斯巴地（藏文，वनस्पति，vanaspatiḥ，有果森林之主），意为有果森林之主。据说这个词也指一般的森林。阿姆拉、斯库如拉等从花中结果的树木的名字，瓦那斯巴底亚（藏文，वानस्पत्य，vānspatyaḥ，花果具备或森林主生），意为花果具备或森林主生。水树等结果后凋谢的树的名字，奥沙地亚（藏文，ओषध्य，oṣadhyaḥ，燃烧执持），意为燃烧执持。在季节性结果的树木上，阿班度（藏文，अबन्ध्यू，abandhyūḥ，非无果），意为非无果。以及，瓦列格拉嘿（藏文，बलेग्रहि，balegrāhiḥ，果执持），意为果执持。没有果实的，班达（藏文，बन्ध，bandhaḥ，无果），意为无果。阿帕拉（藏文，अफल，aphalaḥ，无果）等。花朵、花瓣等非常茂盛的树的名字，扎普拉（藏文，प्रफुल्ल，praphullaḥ，极盛开），意为极盛开，以及，近开，完全盛开等。即使树干被砍断，仍然留在地里的根的名字，斯亚努（藏文，स्यानु，syānu，树根），意为树根。德如瓦（藏文，ध्रुव，dhruvaḥ，稳固），意为稳固。以及，香库（藏文，शङ्कु，śaṅku，根桩），意为根桩。对于树枝或细小的根，克修帕（藏文，क्षुप，kṣupa，移动者），意为移动者，也指灌木和水。对于没有大树干，许多树枝堆积生长的，斯丹巴（藏文，स्तम्ब，stambaḥ，树丛），意为树丛。古尔玛（藏文，गुल्म，gulmaḥ，缠绕者），意为缠绕者。帕里（藏文，पल्ली，pallī，蔓生植物），意为蔓生植物。普拉达地（藏文，प्रतति，pratatiḥ，蔓延），意为蔓延。古给拉达（藏文，गुगे लता，guge latā），意为嫩枝。对于有许多蔓生植物、树枝和叶子的，古尔米尼（藏文，गुल्मिनि，gulminiḥ，有枝叶），意为有枝叶。比如达（藏文，वीरुत，vīruta，遮挡），意为遮挡。乌拉瓦（藏文，उलव，ulavaḥ，茂密），意为茂密。山和树等，乌察瓦亚（藏文，उच्छ्वाय，ucchvāyaḥ，高），意为高。乌策达（藏文，उत्सेध，utsedhaḥ，赞扬），意为赞扬。乌察亚（藏文，उच्चय，uccayaḥ，举起），意为举起，这些都是树等顶端高耸的名字。
English
The names of mountains. For mountains etc. with strong water currents, Nirjhara (藏文，निर झर，nirjhara，water sound) means having the sound of water, and Jhara (藏文，झर，jhara，loud) means having a loud sound. Dari (藏文，दरी), a man-made cave. Kandara (藏文，कन्दर，kandara), a made cave. For natural caves that are not man-made, Guha (藏文，गुहा，guhā，cave) means cave. Gahvaraṃ (藏文，गह्वरं，gahvaraṃ) means mountain cave etc. For mountains that produce minerals such as resin and cinnabar, those names are used. The various mountain names given through shapes and colors etc. should be understood in that way. Secondly, the names of trees. Vṛkṣa (藏文，वृक्ष，vṛkṣa，tree) means tree. Vṛkṣa (藏文，वृक्ष，vṛkṣa，tree) means tree. Viṭapin (藏文，विटपिन्，viṭapin，tree) means tree. Pādapāḥ (藏文，पादपा，pādapāḥ，drinking with feet) means tree. Taru (藏文，तरु，taru，not falling into water) means tree. Sāla (藏文，साल，sāla，moving leaves) means tree. Dru (藏文，द्रु，dru，trunk) means trunk. Druma (藏文，द्रुम，druma) means tree. Kāraskara (藏文，कारस्कर，kāraskara，tree) means tree. Mahīruta (藏文，महीरुत，mahīruta，earth-born) means earth-born. Śākhī (藏文，शाखी，śākhī，having branches) means having branches. Anokaha (藏文，अनोकहा，anokaha，preventing trees from moving) means preventing trees from moving. Kuṭha (藏文，कुठ，kuṭha，making sound) means making sound. Kuṭa (藏文，कुट，kuṭa，crooked) means crooked. Palāśin (藏文，पलाशिन्，palāśin，having leaves) means having leaves. Agama (藏文，अगम，agama，not moving) means not moving. These are general names for trees. Vanaspatiḥ (藏文，वनस्पति，vanaspatiḥ，lord of the forest with fruits) is the name for trees such as Plakṣa and Udumbara, some of which usually bear fruit without flowers, meaning lord of the forest with fruits. It is said that this word also refers to general forests. Vānspatya (藏文，वानस्पत्य，vānspatyaḥ，having flowers and fruits or forest lord born) is the name for trees such as Āmra and Skurura, which bear fruit from flowers, meaning having flowers and fruits or forest lord born. Oṣadhyaḥ (藏文，ओषध्य，oṣadhyaḥ，burning holder) is the name for trees such as water trees that wither after bearing fruit, meaning burning holder. Abandhyūḥ (藏文，अबन्ध्यू，abandhyūḥ，not fruitless) is the name for trees that bear fruit seasonally, meaning not fruitless. And, Balegrāhiḥ (藏文，बलेग्रहि，balegrāhiḥ，fruit holder) means fruit holder. Bandhaḥ (藏文，बन्ध，bandhaḥ，fruitless) is for those without fruit, meaning fruitless. Aphalaḥ (藏文，अफल，aphalaḥ，fruitless) etc. Praphullaḥ (藏文，प्रफुल्ल，praphullaḥ，very blooming) is the name for trees with very lush flowers, petals etc., meaning very blooming, as well as, nearly open, fully blooming etc. Syānu (藏文，स्यानु，syānu，tree root) is the name for the roots that remain in the ground even when the trunk is cut, meaning tree root. Dhruvaḥ (藏文，ध्रुव，dhruvaḥ，stable) means stable. And, Śaṅku (藏文，शङ्कु，śaṅku，root stake) means root stake. Kṣupa (藏文，क्षुप，kṣupa，mover) is for branches or small roots, meaning mover, also referring to shrubs and water. Stambaḥ (藏文，स्तम्ब，stambaḥ，clump of trees) is for many branches piled up without a large trunk, meaning clump of trees. Gulmaḥ (藏文，गुल्म，gulmaḥ，twining) means twining. Pallī (藏文，पल्ली，pallī，creeper) means creeper. Pratati (藏文，प्रतति，pratatiḥ，spreading) means spreading. Guge latā (藏文，गुगे लता，guge latā) means tendril. Gulminiḥ (藏文，गुल्मिनि，gulminiḥ，having branches and leaves) is for creepers with many branches and leaves, meaning having branches and leaves. Vīruta (藏文，वीरुत，vīruta，obstructing) means obstructing. Ulavaḥ (藏文，उलव，ulavaḥ，dense) means dense. Uccchvāyaḥ (藏文，उच्छ्वाय，ucchvāyaḥ，high) for mountains and trees etc. means high. Utsedhaḥ (藏文，उत्सेध，utsedhaḥ，praising) means praising. Uccayaḥ (藏文，उच्चय，uccayaḥ，raising) means raising, these are all names for the high tops of trees etc.