English
Among these, the Buddha was not connected to (the case endings). Because there are instances of connecting Śrāvakas etc. to the retinue, the great translators of the past also translated in accordance with that manner. Thus spoke the great masters of grammar. Compounded words that are shortened from those case endings to make pronunciation easier have six types. The first is the shortening of case endings, which is called 'his man', with the Sanskrit name tatpuruṣa, and this name also represents its example. Here, the case endings from the first to the seventh are shortened, thus explaining the shortening of the seventh and nañ. nañ means negation, i.e., removing 'ཉ'. Here, as it says, 'Similar to it, unreal, smaller than it, different from it, unpraised and contradictory, the six meanings of nañ are very famous.' Abrāhmaṇa (Tibetan: ཨ་བྲཱཧྨ་ཎ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: अब्राह्मण, Sanskrit Romanization: abrāhmaṇa, literal meaning: non-Brahmin), meaning like a Brahmin, i.e., not a real Brahmin. Aluk (Tibetan: ཨ་ལུཀ྄, Sanskrit Devanagari: अलुक्, Sanskrit Romanization: aluk, literal meaning: non-real), meaning there is no object that should be destroyed. Asaṃyogāt (Tibetan: ཨ་སཾ་ཡོ་གཱ་ཏ྄, Sanskrit Devanagari: असंयोगात्, Sanskrit Romanization: asaṃyogāt, literal meaning: non-union), meaning different from correct union. Alābaṇa (Tibetan: ཨ་ལ་བ་ཎ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: अलाबण, Sanskrit Romanization: alābaṇa, literal meaning: non-salt), meaning little salt. Aputra (Tibetan: ཨ་པུཏྲ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: अपुत्र, Sanskrit Romanization: aputra, literal meaning: non-son), meaning a bad son or no son. Aśukla (Tibetan: ཨ་ཤུཀླ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: अशुक्ल, Sanskrit Romanization: aśukla, literal meaning: non-white), meaning no white, i.e., black, which is the opposite of white. In general, these negative particles negate whatever noun they are attached to. If attached to a word with the meaning of existence, it becomes non-existence; if attached to a word with the meaning of being, it becomes not being, etc., whatever it is attached to, it negates it in reverse. However, attaching a negative particle to a derogatory word is like having no bad son, attached as no son, and no salt and like a Brahmin, no correct union, etc. Attaching no white to black, although it is negation itself, it is not just negation, but to establish the opposite, therefore it is explained as six types. In most cases, the 'ན་' of nañ is removed, leaving only the short 'ཨ་' as the negative particle, like those mentioned above, and Asura (Tibetan: ཨ་སུ་ར།, Sanskrit Devanagari: असुर, Sanskrit Romanization: asura, literal meaning: non-god) etc. Sometimes 'ན་' is not removed but used as a negative particle, for example, for the meaning of having no power, Nakha (Tibetan: ན་ཁཿ, Sanskrit Devanagari: नख, Sanskrit Romanization: nakha, literal meaning: non-space), meaning nail; Nakula (Tibetan: ན་ཀུ་ལ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: नकुल, Sanskrit Romanization: nakula, literal meaning: non-family), meaning mongoose; Nakṣatraṃ (Tibetan: ནཀྵ་ཏྲཾ།, Sanskrit Devanagari: नक्षत्रं, Sanskrit Romanization: nakṣatraṃ, literal meaning: non-decaying), meaning star; Nakra (Tibetan: ན་ཀྲ, Sanskrit Devanagari: नक्र, Sanskrit Romanization: nakra, literal meaning: non-moving), is the name of crocodile etc. Sometimes both 'ཨ་' and 'ན་' are used as negative particles. A compound with a special characteristic is called karmadhāraya, and the example of that compound is also represented by that name. Here, the word with the special characteristic comes first, the special
Chinese
词后置，例词前置，例词后置，所有格词前置，限定词前置，即六种分类。词的其他意义或多词的集合，名称本身也可以作为该集合的例子。这里有二词、多词、数词后置、两者都是数词、连词前置、相互作用的性质和持有其他方面的性质，这七种。数词前置或其例子和名称混合的第二种集合，有与一相似的事物和与多相似的事物两种。无数或不可穷尽的集合没有区别，因此只有一种。具有“和”意义的集合或并列的集合，有完全收集、附带、全部收集、一个和一个结合，以及四种类型。并列的名称，དནྡྭ། (dandva，梵文天城体：द्वंद्व，梵文罗马拟音：dvandva，汉语字面意思：并列)，是“和”与意义结合后的形式。如此，八、六、七、二、一和四，总共词的集合的分类或类型有二十八种，因为例子很多，所以这里没有列出，可以从《旃陀罗波》等中理解。所有的词的集合都特别注意中性的标志。词的集合的结尾所加的后缀，对于男性是ཊཱ། (ṭā，梵文天城体：टा，梵文罗马拟音：ṭā，汉语字面意思：塔)，对于并列是ཨ། (a，梵文天城体：अ，梵文罗马拟音：a，汉语字面意思：阿)，对于多词是ཌ། (ḍa，梵文天城体：ड，梵文罗马拟音：ḍa，汉语字面意思：达)，对于所有这些都有ཀ་ (ka，梵文天城体：क，梵文罗马拟音：ka，汉语字面意思：卡)等各自的后缀，一般来说，虽然省略了སུཔ྄་ (sup，梵文天城体：सुप्，梵文罗马拟音：sup，汉语字面意思：苏普)，但也有一些不害怕的特殊情况等。通过那些后缀的完成方式，如《旃陀罗波》第二章第四节到第四章第四节之间的九个章节中广泛解释的那样，后缀的类型非常多，虽然如此，这里只象征性地解释一下《妙音语法》中所说的。那些后缀都加在名词的结尾，对于后代，有ཨ་ཎའོ་ (aṇao，梵文天城体：अणो，梵文罗马拟音：aṇo，汉语字面意思：阿诺)的说法。例如，གོ་ཏ་མ། (Gautama，梵文天城体：गौतम，梵文罗马拟音：Gautama，汉语字面意思：乔达摩)，བིཤྲ་བ་ཎ། (Viśravaṇa，梵文天城体：विश्रवण，梵文罗马拟音：Viśravaṇa，汉语字面意思：毗奢罗婆拏)，给予ཨཎ྄་ (aṇ，梵文天城体：अण्，梵文罗马拟音：aṇ，汉语字面意思：安)。“ཉྞི་ཏ྄་ (ṇit，梵文天城体：णित्，梵文罗马拟音：ṇit，汉语字面意思：尼特)以第一个元音增长”的说法，因为后缀结尾有ཎ་ (ṇa，梵文天城体：ण，梵文罗马拟音：ṇa，汉语字面意思：纳)，所以名词的第一个元音增长。因为ཎ་ (ṇa，梵文天城体：ण，梵文罗马拟音：ṇa，汉语字面意思：纳)是那个意思，所以后来。给予ཨི་ཨའི་ (īāi，梵文天城体：ईआइ，梵文罗马拟音：īāi，汉语字面意思：伊埃)的དབྱི། (dyi，梵文天城体：द्यि，梵文罗马拟音：dyi，汉语字面意思：迪)。给予སི་ (si，梵文天城体：सि，梵文罗马拟音：si，汉语字面意思：斯)。གཽ་ཏ་མཿ (Gautamaḥ，梵文天城体：गौतमः，梵文罗马拟音：Gautamaḥ，汉语字面意思：乔达摩)：乔达摩的儿子或后代。བཻ་ཤྲ་བ་ཎཿ (Vaiśravaṇaḥ，梵文天城体：वैश्रवणः，梵文罗马拟音：Vaiśravaṇaḥ，汉语字面意思：毗沙门)：多闻子，因为是听到许多圣者的儿子。在以རྀ་ (ṛ，梵文天城体：ऋ，梵文罗马拟音：ṛ，汉语字面意思：热)结尾的词后加ཨ་ཎ
English
Word postposition, example word preposition, example word postposition, possessive word preposition, definite word preposition, these are the six classifications. For the collection of words with other meanings or many meanings, the name itself can also become an example of that collection. Here there are two words, many words, number word postposition, both are number words, conjunction preposition, the nature of mutual action and the nature of holding other aspects, these are seven. For the second collection where number preposition or its example and name are mixed, there are two types: things similar to one and things similar to many. For countless or inexhaustible collections, there is no distinction, so there is only one. For the collection with the meaning of "and" or the collection of coordination, there are complete collection, incidental, total collection, one and one combination, and four types. The name of coordination, དནྡྭ། (dandva, Devanagari: द्वंद्व, Romanization: dvandva, literal meaning: copulative), is the form of combining "and" with meaning. Thus, eight, six, seven, two, one, and four, in total, the classification or types of word collections are twenty-eight. Because there are many examples, they are not listed here, but can be understood from Candra-pa, etc. All word collections have a special focus on the neuter gender. The suffix added to the end of a word collection is ཊཱ། (ṭā, Devanagari: टा, Romanization: ṭā, literal meaning: ta) for masculine, ཨ། (a, Devanagari: अ, Romanization: a, literal meaning: a) for coordination, and ཌ། (ḍa, Devanagari: ड, Romanization: ḍa, literal meaning: da) for many words. For all of these, there are separate suffixes such as ཀ་ (ka, Devanagari: क, Romanization: ka, literal meaning: ka). Generally, although སུཔ྄་ (sup, Devanagari: सुप्, Romanization: sup, literal meaning: sup) is omitted, there are also some special cases where there is no fear, etc. The way to accomplish through those suffixes, as explained extensively in the nine chapters from the fourth verse of the second chapter to the fourth verse of the fourth chapter of Candra-pa, there are very many types of suffixes. However, here, only a symbolic explanation is given of what is said in the Sarasvati grammar. Those suffixes are all added to the end of nouns. For descendants, there is the saying ཨ་ཎའོ་ (aṇao, Devanagari: अणो, Romanization: aṇo, literal meaning: ano). For example, གོ་ཏ་མ། (Gautama, Devanagari: गौतम, Romanization: Gautama, literal meaning: Gautama), བིཤྲ་བ་ཎ། (Viśravaṇa, Devanagari: विश्रवण, Romanization: Viśravaṇa, literal meaning: Viśravaṇa), give ཨཎ྄་ (aṇ, Devanagari: अण्, Romanization: aṇ, literal meaning: an). The saying "ཉྞི་ཏ྄་ (ṇit, Devanagari: णित्, Romanization: ṇit, literal meaning: nit) grows with the first vowel" means that because the suffix ends with ཎ་ (ṇa, Devanagari: ण, Romanization: ṇa, literal meaning: na), the first vowel of the noun grows. Because ཎ་ (ṇa, Devanagari: ण, Romanization: ṇa, literal meaning: na) is that meaning, therefore later. Give དབྱི། (dyi, Devanagari: द्यि, Romanization: dyi, literal meaning: dyi) of ཨི་ཨའི་ (īāi, Devanagari: ईआइ, Romanization: īāi, literal meaning: iai). Give སི་ (si, Devanagari: सि, Romanization: si, literal meaning: si). གཽ་ཏ་མཿ (Gautamaḥ, Devanagari: गौतमः, Romanization: Gautamaḥ, literal meaning: Gautama): Gautama's son or descendant. བཻ་ཤྲ་བ་ཎཿ (Vaiśravaṇaḥ, Devanagari: वैश्रवणः, Romanization: Vaiśravaṇaḥ, literal meaning: Vaiśravaṇa): Son of Vaishravana, because he is the son of hearing many sages. After words ending in རྀ་ (ṛ, Devanagari: ऋ, Romanization: ṛ, literal meaning: ri), add ཨ་ཎ