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JLAZ002 0004.Commentary on Chapter Eight.g2.0f

Chinese

是也。因此,具有发心之人乃是大乘行者。仅仅是与此发心分离,就从大乘中脱离。并且,由于舍弃了证悟空性的主要方法之因,即使拥有诸如通达名言之所知,以及自以为领悟了仅在愚笨禅修之境中才能确定的甚深意义等其他功德,也仍然会堕入小乘。仅仅具有有限的慈爱和悲悯,声闻缘觉也有。因为他们不具备为了利益无边众生、承担解除痛苦重担的勇气。如《宝鬘论》中所说:声闻乘之中,未曾宣说菩萨之发愿与行持回向,如何能成菩萨?如是,即使生起了救度众生的重担,但就目前的情况而言,我也无法圆满成办一个众生的利益。因此,即使成为转轮王或梵天之类也无法做到。因此,即使安住于阿罗汉二者的果位,也只能使少数众生获得解脱,而无法使一切众生获得解脱。由于只有佛陀才能圆满成办无边众生的暂时和究竟利益,因此,为了利益一切众生,应生起获得圆满佛陀果位的愿望。如导师圣天所说:若欲自身与此世,获得无上菩提果,其根本即菩提心,如山王般稳固。现在为了阐释发心的体性、愿心和行心的差别。其中,以果为誓愿的愿心,其所学之处在于将自他平等、自他交换,以及自轻他重这三者安立为修学的纲要,而它的体性则安住于慈等四无量心。以因为誓愿的行心,其所学之处在于依止六波罗蜜多的行境完全清净之处。如《慈氏请问经》中所说:慈氏,为了他人的利益而发愿,也是大慈,大悲,大喜和大舍。如理行持也是

English

So it is. Therefore, a person who possesses the awakening mind is a Mahayana practitioner. Merely being separated from it means leaving the Mahayana. Moreover, having abandoned the main cause for realizing emptiness, even if one possesses other qualities such as understanding nominal knowledge and thinking that one has realized the profound meaning that is only certain in the realm of foolish meditation, one still falls into the Hinayana. Limited love and compassion are also present in Hearers and Solitary Realizers, but they lack the courage to carry the burden of benefiting limitless beings and relieving suffering. As it is said in the "Precious Garland": In the Hearer Vehicle, the aspiration and conduct of a Bodhisattva, and the dedication, are not explained; how can one become a Bodhisattva? Thus, even if one has taken on the burden of liberating beings, in the present situation, I cannot completely accomplish the benefit of even one being. Therefore, even becoming a universal monarch or Brahma is not possible. Therefore, even abiding in the state of both Arhats, one can only lead a few beings to liberation, but cannot lead all beings to omniscience. Since only the Buddha can completely accomplish the temporary and ultimate benefit of limitless beings, therefore, for the benefit of all beings, one should generate the desire to attain the state of perfect Buddhahood. As the teacher Aryadeva said: If you and this world wish to attain the unsurpassed enlightenment, its root is the awakening mind, as stable as the king of mountains. Now, to explain the nature of the awakening mind and the difference between the wishing and engaging aspects. Among them, the wishing mind, which vows for the result, its training lies in establishing self-other equality, self-other exchange, and cherishing others more than oneself as the outline of practice, while its nature truly abides in the four immeasurables such as love. The engaging mind, which vows for the cause, its training lies in relying on the completely pure realms of conduct of the six perfections. As it is said in the "Sutra Requested by Maitreya": Maitreya, aspiring for the benefit of others is also great love, great compassion, great joy, and great equanimity. Rightly practicing is also

Chinese

度到彼岸有六种,如是说。其中,发愿心是指希求获得菩提,学习菩提的学处,从而立誓要得到果位。进入是指实际修习菩提之法,从而立誓要得到因位。如《华严经》中说:善男子,众生之类,难以获得无上圆满菩提之心。而对于无上圆满菩提之心,真正进入则是难上加难。寂天论师将此意比喻说:菩提心略而言之,应知有两种,即发菩提愿心和入菩提行心。如同想去和真正去的区别一样,智者应次第了解这二者的差别。如同立誓要前往某地的人,开始准备一样,我为了成为佛陀,利益众生,想要获得深广的意义,这种心就是发愿心。而真正进入菩提行,就是进入行菩提心。因此,在未受戒之前是发愿心,受戒之后是行菩提心。如果不努力学习修行,就会退失。如吉祥智慧称的《修次第》中说:其中首先是,如实宣说皈依怙主之仪轨。其次是,进入布施等,详细宣说进入之仪轨。等等。善天论师的解释中也说:菩提心,其中希求菩提之心,即我成为佛陀后,将利益一切众生,以信心来表示,这是智慧。以行为来希求获得深广的意义,此心即是发菩提愿心。开始真正受持菩提行等,进入其中,即是进入菩提行。如此一来,就有两种。以及,吉祥胜月论师的 自释中也说:总而言之,就是发愿和进入两种。这就像各种作物的种子一样,是无上菩提之因,是不共之因。

English

There are six perfections, so it is said. Among them, aspiration is to aspire to attain enlightenment, to learn the precepts of enlightenment, and thus to vow to attain the fruit. Entering is to actually practice the Dharma of enlightenment, and thus to vow to attain the cause. As it is said in the Gandavyuha Sutra: "Son of good family, it is difficult for sentient beings to find the mind of unsurpassed perfect enlightenment. Even more difficult is to actually enter into the mind of unsurpassed perfect enlightenment." The meaning of this is illustrated by the teacher Shantideva: "The mind of enlightenment, in brief, should be known to be of two types: the aspiration for enlightenment and the engagement in enlightenment. Just as the difference between wanting to go and actually going is known, so should the wise gradually understand the difference between these two." Just as a person who has vowed to go somewhere begins to prepare for it, so the mind that I will become a Buddha and benefit sentient beings, wanting to attain profound and vast meaning, is aspiration. And actually entering into the practice of enlightenment is engagement. Therefore, until one has taken vows, it is aspiration, and after taking vows, it is engagement. If one does not strive to learn and practice, one will degenerate. As it is said in the Stages of Meditation by Glorious Yeshe Drakpa: "Among them, first is, the correct explanation of the ritual of taking refuge in the protectors. Second is, entering into generosity, etc., the detailed explanation of the ritual of entering." And so on. The commentary by Gewai Lha also says: "The mind of enlightenment, among them, the mind that aspires to enlightenment, that I will become a Buddha and benefit all sentient beings, is expressed with faith, this is wisdom. The mind that desires to attain profound and vast meaning through actions, this mind is the aspiration for enlightenment. Beginning to actually uphold the practice of enlightenment, etc., entering into it, is entering into the practice of enlightenment. Thus, there are two types." And, in the self-commentary by Shri Vibhutichandra: "In short, there are two: aspiration and engagement. Just like the seeds of various crops, it is the cause of unsurpassed enlightenment, the uncommon cause."

Tibetan

།དེའི་བསླབ་པ་གཉིས་ཏེ། དེ་ལ་བཟློག་པའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ནི་ཉེས་སྤྱོད་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་ལོག་པའོ། །འཇུག་པའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ནི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་དྲུག་གོམས་པའོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་པས་སྡོམ་པ་བླང་བ་གཅིག་པོས་མི་ཆོག་པར་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་དེའི་དོན་པོ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་བས་ན་དེ་ལྟར་མི་ནུས་པ་དག་གིས་སྨོན་སེམས་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་བསྐྱེད་པར་བྱ་སྟེ། རྒྱལ་པོ་ལ་གདམས་པའི་མདོ་ལས། རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་ཁྱོད་ནི་བྱ་བ་མང་ལ་བྱེད་པ་མང་བ་སྟེ། ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཐམས་ཅད་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཐམས་ཅད་དུ་སྤྱིན་པའི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ལ་བསླབ་པ་ནས། ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་བར་ལ་སློབ་མི་བཟོད་ན་འདི་ལྟར་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ལ་འདུན་པ་དང༌། དད་པ་དང༌། དོན་དུ་གཉེར་བ་དང༌། སྨོན་པ་འདི་འགྲོ་ཡང་རུང༌། འགྲེང་ཡང་རུང༌། འདུག་ཀྱང་རུང༌། ཉལ་ཡང་རུང༌། སད་ཀྱང་རུང༌། ཟ་ཡང་རུང༌། འཐུང་ཡང་རུང༌། རྟག་ཏུ་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་དྲན་པར་གྱིས་ཤིག །ཡིད་ལ་གྱིས་ཤིག །སྒོམས་ཤིག་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་དང༌། ཉན་ཐོས་དང༌། རང་སངས་ རྒྱས་དང༌། སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་བདག་གི་འདས་པ་དང༌། མ་འོངས་པ་དང༌། ད་ལྟར་བྱུང་བའི་དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་བསྡུས་ཏེ། རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རང་བའི་མཆོག་གིས་རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རང་བར་གྱིས་ཤིག །རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རང་ནས་ཀྱང་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་དང༌། རང་སངས་རྒྱས་དང༌། ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་ལ་མཆོད་པར་ཕུལ་ཅིག །ཕུལ་ནས་ཀྱང་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་ཐུན་མོང་དུ་གྱིས་ཤིག །དེ་ནས་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར་དང༌། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ཉིན་གཅིག་བཞིན་དུ་དུས་གསུམ་དུ་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཏུ་བསྔོས་ཤིག །རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་ཁྱོད་དེ་ལྟར་ཞུགས་ལ་རྒྱལ་པོ་གྱིས་ཤིག །རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྲིད་ཀྱང་མི་ཉམས་སོ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱང་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པར་འགྱུར་རོ། །ཞེས་པ་འདིས་སྨོན་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ལེགས་པར་བསྟན་ཅིང་སྙིགས་མའི་དུས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཕན་པ་ཆེ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་བས་ན་ཁོ་བོའི་བླ་མ་ཀུན་མཁྱེན་ཆེན་པོས་ཀྱང་སྨོན་པ་ནི་བྱང་ཆུབ་དོན་དུ་གཉེར་བའི་ཆ་དེ་ཡིན་ལ། འཇུག་པ་སྦྱོར་བས་ལག་ལེན་ལ་ཁྱབ་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཆ་གཉིས་པོ་ཚང་དགོས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །ཞེས་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་སྡེ་ཚན་གྱིས་གཅད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་རིགས་བསྒྲེ་ བར་མཛད་ཅིང་ཁྱད་པར

Chinese

那的学处有两种,其中遮止的戒律是断绝一切罪行,进入的戒律是修习六度。如是说,仅仅受持戒律是不够的,进入修行才是它的要义。因此,那些不能这样做的人,应当发起广大的愿心。如《教诫国王经》中所说:大国王,您事务繁多,所作甚多,若不能修学一切的一切、一切形式的一切布施度,乃至智慧度,那么,大国王,就这样对圆满菩提生起希求、信心、精进和愿望,无论行走、站立、坐卧、醒来、吃饭、饮水,都要恒常不断地忆念,牢记在心,禅修佛陀、菩萨、声闻、缘觉,以及所有凡夫和我自己过去、未来和现在所产生的一切善根,全部汇集起来,以最殊胜的随喜来随喜。随喜之后,供养佛陀、菩萨、缘觉和声闻。供养之后,与一切众生共同分享。然后,为了使一切众生获得一切智智的果位,为了圆满一切佛法,像每一天一样,在三个时段都回向于无上正等觉。大国王,您就这样行持,做您的国王,国王的统治也不会衰败,菩提的资粮也会圆满。这段话很好地阐释了愿心的特征,并且对末法时代的众生非常有益。因此,我的上师一切智者也说,愿心是追求菩提的一部分,而进入修行是通过实践来普及的部分,这两者都必须具备。这样,他对所有以发心为主题的部分进行了分类,并特别说明了

English

There are two aspects to that training. The prohibitive discipline is to refrain from all misdeeds. The engaging discipline is to cultivate the six perfections. It is said that merely taking vows is not sufficient; engaging in practice is the essence. Therefore, those who cannot do so should generate a vast aspiration. As stated in the Sutra Admonishing the King: "Great King, you have many affairs and much to do. If you cannot train in the perfection of generosity, giving all of everything in every way, up to the perfection of wisdom, then, Great King, in this way, generate aspiration, faith, diligence, and longing for complete enlightenment. Whether walking, standing, sitting, lying down, awake, eating, or drinking, always remember it without interruption. Keep it in mind. Meditate on the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and all ordinary beings, and gather all the roots of virtue of myself, past, future, and present, and rejoice with the supreme rejoicing. After rejoicing, make offerings to the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Shravakas. After making offerings, share it with all sentient beings. Then, in order to enable all sentient beings to attain the state of omniscience, and in order to perfect all the Buddha's teachings, dedicate it to unsurpassed, perfect, and complete enlightenment three times a day, just like every day. Great King, engage in this way and be the king. The kingdom of the king will not decline, and the accumulation of enlightenment will be perfected." This passage well explains the characteristics of aspiration and is very beneficial to all beings in the degenerate age. Therefore, my omniscient great guru also said that aspiration is the part of pursuing enlightenment, and engaging is the part of spreading practice through application, and both of these must be complete. In this way, he categorized all the sections on the theme of generating bodhicitta and especially