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DTG175 0001.A Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Compendium on Valid Cognition by Lhawangpo A Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Compendium on Valid Cognition by Lhawangpo.g2.0f

Chinese

诶。果实不生故,则可推测其他因。譬如,因某物不存在,故其果实不生,其他因也是如此。这在常法中是不存在的,因为常法没有变异。如前所说,如果不存在变异,又凭什么来推测它的能力呢?因为这太过分了。因此,如果某些事物存在,某物就会改变。那么,就应该认为它仅仅是具有原因的。结合是指,如果某物存在就会改变,那么就应该承认仅仅是从那事物改变的方式,并且不依赖于与那事物不同的其他原因。例如,如果存在显现的集合,那么就应该承认果实的差别必然会改变,仅仅是承认具有原因并且不依赖于其他事物。眼识也是,如果存在眼、色、光明和作意,就会改变,这被称为自性之理。同样,耳、鼻、舌、身的识也是,如果存在耳等、声等和作意,就会改变。意识也是,具有努力性质的识,如果存在先前的差别,就会改变。呼气、吸气、睁眼和闭眼等也是,如果存在努力和身体的顺应,就会改变。如是宣说了四种苦的相状。此之集起,由“有时生起之故”等来阐述。暂且,痛苦不会变成无因。为什么呢?因为“有时生起之故”。凡是“有时”生起的,那必然是有因的,因此,如前所说的痛苦,已经成立是有因的。如果不是这样,无因,因为这没有原因,所以无因要么是常有,要么是常无。为什么呢?因为不依赖于其他,意思是说,无因的事物,对于自主产生的事物来说,从接近的事物有时会改变,从不接近的事物在其他时候不会改变,因为不会有任何需要依赖的事物。因此,

English

E. Because fruits do not arise, other causes can be inferred. For example, because something is absent, its fruit does not arise, and other causes are similar. This does not exist in permanent things, because permanent things do not change. As mentioned before, if there is no change, how can one infer its ability? Because that is too much. Therefore, if certain things exist, something will change. Then, it should be regarded as merely having a cause. Combination means that if something exists, it will change, then it should be acknowledged that it changes only from that thing's manner, and does not depend on other causes different from that thing. For example, if there is a collection of manifestations, then it should be acknowledged that the difference of the fruit will inevitably change, merely acknowledging that it has a cause and does not depend on other things. Eye consciousness is also, if there are eye, form, light, and attention, it will change, which is called the reason of nature. Similarly, the consciousness of ear, nose, tongue, and body is also, if there are ear, etc., sound, etc., and attention, it will change. Mind consciousness is also, the consciousness with the nature of effort, if there is a previous difference, it will change. Exhalation, inhalation, opening and closing eyes, etc., are also, if there is effort and the body's compliance, it will change. Thus, the four aspects of suffering have been explained. The arising of this is explained by "because it sometimes arises," etc. For the time being, suffering will not become without cause. Why? Because "because it sometimes arises." Whatever arises "sometimes" must have a cause, therefore, the suffering mentioned above has been established as having a cause. If it is not like this, without cause, because this has no cause, so without cause is either always existing or always non-existing. Why? Because it does not depend on others, meaning that for things without cause, for things that arise autonomously, sometimes it will change from things that are close, and at other times it will not change from things that are not close, because there will be nothing that needs to be relied upon. Therefore,

Chinese

因為沒有差別的緣故,在想要產生的時候也不會改變。因為不是產生的時候,沒有差別的緣故,所以會恆常存在。例如荊棘等等,用「叫做」等等來安立它本身的先前部分。說「等等」包括了蓮花的莖、花瓣、花蕊和蓮蓬等等。說「銳利性」等等的「等等」包括了形狀、顏色、粗糙、柔軟等等。例如:銳利性等等沒有原因,這樣痛苦那些會變成沒有原因。有些人這樣極力宣說,是說自性。對於那些,應該這樣說:叫做「原因」的其他任何東西都沒有,然而如果存在什麼,就會產生什麼,或者如果有變化,也會有變化,如果什麼發生變化,就會有變化,也就是說,任何事物隨著變化而變化,那就是被說成是原因。說原因是佛教徒等等。那個和那些也存在於那些之中。在種子的田地等等各自確定的那些會變成銳利性等等,那些隨著種子的田地等等的存在與不存在而變化,那樣的話,它們的原因就會清楚地被理解,因此在這裡努力做什麼呢?如果觸覺存在,那麼眼的識就會改變,如果不存在,就不會改變,那樣的話,也不是眼的識的原因,那樣的話,具有原因和結果的事物本性是錯誤的,如果這樣說。那不是錯誤的,因為觸覺叫做地、水、火、風等四大種。那些作為原因,作為原因的色極其融入,那樣的話,色本身就是原因,所以觸覺是通過間接的方式看到,有原因的緣故,所以沒有錯誤。那也是只考慮了遮遣,然後作為回答來顯示。如果不是那樣,那麼與所說的特徵的遮遣就沒有關聯。那樣的話,在極其顯示了近處的色之後,就不能顯示觸覺的遮遣。那樣的話,痛苦就不是沒有原因的,而是有原因的。即使具有原因,這個痛苦也是。

English

Because there is no difference, it will not change even when it wants to arise. Because it is not the time of arising, and there is no difference, it will always exist. For example, thorns, etc., use "called" etc. to establish its own previous part. Saying "etc." includes lotus stems, petals, stamens, and lotus pods, etc. Saying "sharpness" etc., the "etc." includes shape, color, roughness, softness, etc. For example: Sharpness etc. have no cause, so those sufferings will become without cause. Some people strongly proclaim this, speaking of nature. To those, it should be said: There is nothing else called "cause," but if something exists, something will arise, or if there is change, there will also be change, and if something changes, there will be change, that is, whatever changes with the change of things, that is said to be the cause. Saying the cause is Buddhists, etc. That and those also exist in those. In the fields of seeds, etc., those that are determined separately will become sharpness, etc., those that change with the existence and non-existence of the fields of seeds, etc., in that case, their causes will be clearly understood, so what is the use of striving here? If touch exists, then the eye consciousness will change, and if it does not exist, it will not change, in that case, it is not the cause of eye consciousness, in that case, the nature of things with cause and effect is wrong, if you say so. That is not wrong, because touch is called the four great elements of earth, water, fire, and wind. Those are taken as causes, and the form taken as cause is extremely absorbed, in that case, form itself is the cause, so touch is seen through indirect means, because there is a reason, so there is no mistake. That is also shown as an answer by only considering the negation. If it is not so, then there is no connection with the negation of the characteristic that is said. In that case, after extremely showing the form at a close distance, it is not possible to show the negation of touch. In that case, suffering is not without cause, but has a cause. Even if it has a cause, this suffering is.

Tibetan

དབང་ཕྱུག་སོགས་ལས་འབྱུང་མིན་ནོ། །སོགས་པ་སྨོས་པས་ནི་གཙོ་བོ་དང་སྐྱེས་བུ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཟུང་ངོ༌། །རྒྱུ་ཡང་གང་གིས་ཤེ་ན། རྟག་པ་རྣམས་ནི་བཀག་པ་དང༌། །ཞེས་སྨོས་ཏེ། རྟག་པ་ནི་ཅུང་ཟད་ཀྱང་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ་སྐབས་གཞན་དུ་བཀག་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དང་གི་སྒྲས་ནི་འདི་ཉིད་དང་གཞན་དུ་བཀག་པ་སྟེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་སོགས་མ་ཡིན་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་ཕྱིར་རོ་ཞེས་རྟག་པ་ཉིད་ཅུང་ཟད་ཀྱང་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་བཀག་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །རེ་ཞིག་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་འབྱུང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ཞིང༌། ཡོད་ན་ཡང་རྟག་པ་རྣམས་ནི་འབྲས་བུ་ལ་ནུས་མེད་ཕྱིར། དེ་དག་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ན་རྟག་པ་ཉིད་ནི་དུས་ཐམས་ཅད་ན་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་པ་ཉིད་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར། ལྷན་ཅིག་བྱེད་པ་ལ་ལྟོས་པ་མེད་པར་ཅིག་ཅར་ཐམས་ཅད་བྱེད་པའམ། མི་བྱེད་ན་ཕྱིས་ཀྱང་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། འགའ་ཞིག་གི་ཚེ་ཡང་ནུས་པ་མེད་པ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་མང་དུ་བཤད་ཟིན་ཏོ། །གང་གི་ཕྱིར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ཅན་མ་ཡིན་ཞིང༌། རྒྱུ་རྟག་པ་ཅན་ཡང་མ་ཡིན་པ་དེ་བས་ན་མི་རྟག་པའི་རྒྱུ་ཅན་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་ལ་ཡང་མི་རྟག་པའི་རྒྱུ་གང་ཡིན་པ་འགའ་ཞིག་གིས་དེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་མ་ཡིན་གྱི། འོན་ཀྱང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ཡིན་ནོ། །སྤྱོད་པར་གྱུར་པ་དེ་ཡང་སྐྱེ་བའི་སྲེད་པ་མ་གཏོགས་པར་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་པ་དེའི་ཕྱིར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ཡིད་སྲིད་པ་འདོད་པ་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ། །སྐྱེ་བའི་གནས་དང་གཞན་སྐབས་དང༌། ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བ་དང༌། སེམས་ཅན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལ་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པའོ། །ཅིའི་ཕྱིར་ཞེ་ན། གང་ ཕྱིར་བདེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཉིད་དང༌། བགྲོད་པར་བྱ་བ་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ཡུལ་དུ་བྱས་པ་མངལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཁྱད་པར་ཡོངས་སུ་ལེན་པ་སྟེ། མངོན་པར་འདོད་པ་སྔོན་དུ་སོང་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པའོ། །སྔར་ཡོད་པ་གཞན་གྱིས་བཀྲི་བར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་བ་སེམས་དང་བཅས་པའི་མི་རྣམས་དེ་ཐོབ་བསམ་པས་བྱས། ཡུལ་གྱི་ཁྱད་པར་མངོན་པར་འདོད་པ་མངོན་དུ་སོང་བ་ཅན་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཡུལ་སྨོས་པ་ནི་ཉེ་བར་མཚོན་པ་ཅན་ཡིན་ཏེ། དུས་དེར་འབྱུང་བའི་ངང་ཚུལ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་སྐབས་དང༌། དེའི་རྗེས་སུ་མཐུན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཕན་འདོགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་རྣམས་དང༌། སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ཡོངས་སུ་ལེན་པ་ཡང་རྟོགས་པར་བྱའོ། །རྒྱས་པར་ནི་སྦྱོར་བའི་དོན་དང་སྦྱོར་བ་ནི། བདག་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་ལྡན་པ། །སེམས་ཅན་གཞན་གྱིས་བཀྲི་མིན་པ། །ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་བཤད་ཟིན་ཏོ། །དེ་ལ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་འབྱུང་འ

Chinese

并非从自在天等产生。说“等”字,则包括主物和士夫等。原因又是什么呢?“常法诸事已遮遣”,如是说,常法是丝毫也不存在的,因为在其他场合已经遮遣了。用“和”字,是遮遣此和彼,即非自在天等,因为没有差别。如是遮遣“常法本身丝毫也不存在”。总之,痛苦并非从自在天等产生,即使有,常法对于果也是无能为力的。从它们产生痛苦。这样,常法本身在一切时中都是有能力的,因此,不需要伴随者,要么同时做一切,要么不做,因为以后也没有差别。在有些时候也是没有能力的,已经多次说了。因为这个痛苦不是无因的,也不是常因,因此,是有为因。对此,有些不具有无常因,然而,是通过顺应的方式。成为行者,除了生之渴爱以外,没有其他的,因此,这个痛苦,意即有情存在,欲是因。对生之住处和其他场合,以及近需和有情等现欲。为什么呢?因为,作为安乐之因本身和应行本身所对境的子宫等的对境差别完全领受,即是现欲先行的近取。先前存在的,不是被其他牵引的,具有心的人们,心想得到它而做。对境的差别,现欲是现行之前的。说对境,是具有近示性,即是当时生起之自性的处境,和为了顺应它而作饶益的那些,以及有情等完全领受,也应当了知。广说则有结合之义,结合是:具有我执,不是其他有情牵引的。在这些场合中已经说过了。在此,痛苦的集

English

It does not arise from Ishvara (自在天,Lord, Īśvara) and others. By mentioning "etc.," it includes Prakriti (主物,primordial matter) and Purusha (士夫,soul), etc. What is the reason? "Permanent things are refuted," it is said, permanent things do not exist at all, because they have been refuted in other contexts. The word "and" negates this and that, i.e., not Ishvara etc., because there is no difference. Thus, it is refuted that "permanent things themselves do not exist at all." In short, suffering does not arise from Ishvara etc., and even if they exist, permanent things are powerless to produce results. Suffering arises from them. Thus, permanent things themselves are always capable, therefore, they do not need companions, either they do everything at once, or they do nothing, because there is no difference later. They are also incapable at some times, it has been said many times. Because this suffering is not without a cause, nor is it a permanent cause, therefore, it is a conditioned cause. Regarding this, some do not possess impermanent causes, however, it is through the way of conformity. Becoming a practitioner, there is nothing other than the craving for existence, therefore, this suffering, meaning sentient existence, desire is the cause. Manifest desire for the place of birth and other occasions, as well as necessities and sentient beings, etc. Why? Because, as the cause of happiness itself and the object of what should be practiced, the difference of objects such as the womb is completely received, that is, the near attainment of manifest desire that precedes. What exists previously is not drawn by others, people with minds do it thinking to obtain it. The difference of objects, manifest desire is before the present action. Saying the object is to have a near indication, that is, the situation of the nature of arising at that time, and those who benefit in order to conform to it, and sentient beings, etc., should also be understood to be completely received. To speak extensively, there is the meaning of combination, combination is: having attachment to self, not drawn by other sentient beings. It has already been said in these contexts. Here, the origin of suffering