English
The cup which my father hath given me, shall J not drink it? (John xviii. 11). The. works that I do in my father's name, they testify of me (John x. 26). wg*q§;q*q^| | Or:— ^•g^-er^sq j A man sick of the palsy , lying on a bed (Luke v. 18). The calf that is to be killed. q-(w g*. * qjqpr spr jgs'Jsr **F ’ HFT^ ^ ’ *) qw %**'**] And Philip ran to him and said, understandest thou ivhat thou readest ? (Acte viii. 30), 166 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. (6) The Literary Correlative Pronouns are :— > Whoever, Whosoever, Anyone who, He who, etc. ^CIVC* £’ or in certain cases 3' Erp- =T|C'&* S'E^C* Whatever, Whatsoever, f Whichever, Anything that, That which, What, etc. The following examples will serve to illustrate the Literary render- ing of the Correlative :— 3^-yjsrg^-cr^rc^- Erls’sfajEtisj’^sr fi $T SIS'*!' qsisr S^yrsip^garsj^- ‘V l WT*r3fc;-1 |g*T q]?Jaj- $jpj’ d^taj^ *^q s T*rge ] o^c^sr He that is not against us is for us (Mark ix. 40). Not everyone that saith unto me Lord , Lord , shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven (Matt. vii. 21 ). Among them that are horn of women there hath not arisen a greater than John the Baptist ; yet he that is hut little in the TIBETAN GRAMMAR. q*v s i<s-q'q't*r ^apw£*q*w}^ | I- ^ i ■sp ^ qffr gp^ ssw* §* {^j* S* wjc- S9 qg^*X~ | sS S^T^KS'V ^qq|^* =t]5=t|’^* aiETi'qqaj-^ | ^c;^q^-^-q|^r $^=T| | g^'or^q^-ai*^*^ | jg^^r sa §* wjcr^q^* °r qgnr q’ * g^* 1 ^^qq^’^ar^* q^-qvqg^ | S 3 *wr 3 c *.c Sf^-gq- q*. - qg^-q- | gw^K-^c- Si s l‘^T q i5 a l' c i'^‘i’ c 5' £ !^' a '3 s '' 1? i ^ Si gr jjc <§* q^* qq*qgq j jcc^j'^qq* g'^'awrQyHc'^si'csc’li^^ | etc. 1 *17 kingdom of heaven is greater than John (Matt. v. 1!). Resist not him that is evil (Matt, v. 38). With what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged (Matt. vii. 2). And whosoever shall coin pel thee to go one mile, go with him twain (Matt, v, 41). Give to him that asketh thee , and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away (Matt. v. 42). And he that falleth on this stone shall he broken to pieces, but on whomsoever it shall fall it will scatter him as dust (Matt. xxi. 44). Whosoever shedl seek to gain his life shall lose it, but whosoever shall lose his life shall preserve it (Luke xvii. 33). Everyone that drinketh of this water shall thirst again , but whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst (John iv. 13). 168 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. q^5?$T 3jtST 7^*^3<y3 ] jSc’Spr qc- q* ^CSf$T q*^* oj* ^qccfs^ | | pfc* oj'q^aj* qw qpj* *iwr 9*^c’ q* cc-af q f T^’SV^F*’ [ ^C’^srgfrq-IjV]-;^ | q|cqsrpr | c^crg^'^c gc-wg^si^sr^^-di^, ^•^£T|-erg^ J=5I*rg*r^a)-s^q|- ®r§ , Troj-^ | g- or5j^’ qg’nr ^ap ^ay q-3p | (S^-^c-g-oj-^-q-^- ajsjf-y^-q-^-wjc-aiaj-q^g^-Xi *JT JC- Cq*g'C$r|Kr q-|j-=pq - gvjgw^’^'^wvg"! Eft' ^*T *iwr ajgqyy q^sipaj- §' i% JJ eg • nr *p q- c^qcq- qq- q,3^X | He that cometh from above is above all: he that is oj the earth is of the earth, and of the earth he speaketk (John iii. 31). What he hath seen and heard, of that he beareth witness (John iii. 32). God is spirit : and they that wor¬ ship him must worship in spirit and in truth (John iv. 24). That which is born of the flesh is flesh ; and that which is born of spirit is spirit (John iii. G). Jesus said unto her, I that speak unto th ee am the Christ (John iv. 26). Whosesoever's sins ye remit they are remitted (John xx. 23). Unto everyone that hath shall be given, and he shall have abun¬ dance; but from him that hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken away (Matt. xxv. 29). He that rejecleth me and receivetk not my sayings hath one that judgeth him (John xii, 48). But he that troubleth you shall bear his judgment , whosoever he be (Gal. v. 10). TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 1H9 Sy qpKj- q - C*q^C*5ip^-q^*c|^^|| ^c:^=i]-^-dj^u^-4j^c:*| qp*£^c- %nf$J| ^CNq^^jfc:* [ q|c Q^’q^^4'yojcr|-q*y^c:*^cr|-t]’y53j*cj’"' e*q^q | I'-q^cj | irjfpw^c:* SJSj^ 1 ^ q p| I Mvv^c-q 1 Sk? ®'^' 5 M | e^-^-^c-q- ^'q^'orq^gf sfw^=q | But he hath seeketh the glory of hint that sent Aim, the same is true (John vii. 18 ). It is his teaching who sent me (John vii. 16). He who built all things is God (Heb. iii. 4). That which was from the beginning, that which toe have heard , that which we have seen with our eyes , that which we beheld atul our hands handled . .declare we unto you (J John i. 1). Whatsoever things are true, what - soever things are honourable , whatsoever things are just , it'hal- soever things are pure, whatso¬ ever things are lovely , whatso¬ ever things are of good re port; if there be any virtue and any praise, think on these things (Phil. iv. 8). X.— -Indefinite Pronouns or Pronominal Adjectives. 1. In the Colloquial the following are the most common :_ CV Some one; a certain (person). c ’F@ E r Something ; a certain (thing). q|*Vu5dj’<3f =H***%<3^c* (or £j<3j*apr) Something. ^pAjC* Anyone , Anybody, Whoever ; or, with a negative, Nobody , None. No one. 170 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. sncrwic Any. =n*VwjC’ 0]C1VC =T]Cd]C' Anything; or, with a negative, Nothing, None; Whatever, Whichever. =jpi*r j or fTp ] &FF or flC <£c*sr ► All, Whole, Entire, Every, Complete , Full J Several. Most. Other. ^er Wl^'CT (^| a nother. I J 1 S4’^T \ Each, Every ^3S|*cT]3cr|- One another. Each other. Some. T=t- v A few. Few, A little. Little. Sole, Only, Mere. TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 171 -v / Same ; but That same. B^RV j ^ Various , Sundry, Divers. Self f One’s self w a l 3a l'WC’ £en one, Either. With °w Such. Examples:— (or ) a J-=f C§,'*JWT nj • j3 T rr|'?-^cr|-'qq-q5 l -gx i - 5 *r*fc -1 p-^c-gsi^-pc-oj-g-oijc-laj-sj-ljc-1 g-oi-ujc-^^^-uTc-1 ^'T^'^jc-gg-gq-jr^g j c T^'9^'*r^' £ ipfc •iq-OjqjA' SWVn I P^ ! ’ a \ s f c, ^ tT |^rErg - '3js)‘W)c^-Sj‘ r^ I a negative. None, Neither. Once upon a time a certain Lama came from Lhasa. That same Lama went to a certain village. 1 think he went to get something. No one went to Court yesterday. No favour will be accorded to anybody. Anybody can do this work. Anything that this man does turns into gold. Nothing that he begins ts ever finished. Out of the whole army not one man { nobody ) was saved . 172 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. SI’^T'VV a T q ]^* B '' ’i’q]C'• N I to• 04-12 • qsw ©e-sjqpprq*- W?fc‘ 1 g^'ar <£fgsrq'’U^py cf ^ VM (W ^Tj* of^sr q • c^r; 5<3j* ^qprn|' S|* Sr sic* *WI I 'O q^’§* sr 5^*^ p *jsr q**/ r ^•q* ( or y^’q*) o <*F ^ * ^ * P •^■^I-gp-or COr*y^'S* (or dj?rq-5’) ^rp; Sr^\q-2f vq-Srspo; qjw^pr qsp-SJt1 This gentleman desires a cup of tea . Soon afterwards the entire herd of cattle vanished. Have you any good oranges to-day ? Several coolies will he needed for the work. In India most people are very religious . Some Tibetan officials are staying at Gum { Ghoom ). All the others have returned to Lhasa. Some of the others are staying in Darjeeling. Kindly give me another cup of tea. Each man shot one stag. TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 173 *r* B w g* sr or p* q^qpr ^*-s* gar ] Sc* I Or:— srS'SS' g* sj' oj* p- cjtjcqsr cpi 5Tc| [Each man presented a cojnplimen tary scarf to the lama. J ‘“■‘s cs. ^'Srar^'3srs/s/^s/^a| | Owe each horse a pail of tinier. Cv -v SIA’-S^I'^jSI'^ q’STigSITTigsi'C^p^* Each man carried three big boxes I ^'^3 X| ®* , ^ W5r ^5 | C* 'Tpi^sr 01* si* si^- W^SI^'Sc* | g-srsiE^'g^^-^q^riTc:-1 This is the father of both the boys. Both of us shot the bear. ,-v_ Both the pretty girls have come. Both this and that will be suitable. CS- O- cv sq T a \S n \‘^' 3'*W ^ q l’ CT l SE T £ r*‘V Do these two words mean th I °™ t am]$I | wafq*a^£T| | ET|5p*CrS^5I | | ^*KT)^i'fT|q v ; ^^cT|*^*cT|Sci|- crsr^ | Yes, both their meanings appear to be the same. Is the meaning of this word exactly the same as the meaning of that word ? No. both their meanings are not absolutely the same. I want a few grapes. 174 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. ' ^SfS; • sf. • • ar c-or^or^H^'3tj| - 5jvfc’ i (or ^*rsr<Jis|’cr) nrcSfa; a,tftrg* gc- a^-ar sjc*r gsrscergcg^ | ^■^ arn, ‘S'* T ^‘ q l® c T^'^ £ \ 1 srrj-q-^R-^-nrH’g-a^ | yfg-qy a|5^-ef ^ 1 o^-q^r g'^r <^*^3^* SprBJtSr ^1 c^q^*r ^d]Scr]* wic^rSr Sfc*I Ir^p gd]*^ cZP^ap c* 2j^*3T?fc* I Examples of ^C* Self, One’s I want a few of those grapes. A very little money tv ill do for me. At sundry (various , or divers) times many Buddhas have appeared in this world of ours. The lama ivas the only man among them. Why be angry? She is a mere child ? Either of these two will do. Neither of these two will suit. Of the entire thousatui men not even one escaped. elf, will be found at § 31, in, iv. Examples of ^5^'^3^* One found at § 31, vii. <?T3JC’ | (pron. nyung). another. Each other, will be I have never seen such a difficult language. 2. The following are the Literary equivalents of the above;— ^3^*3^’ 3’(5j=T]’ Someone, Somebody , A certain (person). Something, A certain (thing.) TIBETAX GRAMMAR. 175 oj-or arar^£T|' S’SpT *F'5pr S'WJC* m ) j- Some, Several, A good many, A good deal. C-v cv 3 J 1 ) ■icw W% •W 'W^T ^OTI'PIOTT ] I f J Anyone , Anybody , fTAoe^r,- or, with negative iVo one. Nobody. Everyone, Either, Each ; or, with negative, 2Vo one Neither. Anything , Brewer, Everything , tft/Aer, : or with negative. Nothing, None, Neither. f * whole. Every , Entire, Complete, All. Mere, Sole, Only.