English
or c vyT 3 fi or or - S^-er^^ | Or, elegantly, but seldom used : — g^sc-^aT l g^!c-siS$r?T' or =n^5/ or silsrcrw^| Past : / made. g$r£T] f. a. p. Or :— gsrd-t%1f j _ gsrcrfi t H' or occ., ohiefly interr. | 300 TIBETAN GRAMMAR Or :— gsrac'c-1 f. a . P . Imperfect: I was making. Same as Periphrastic Present, context showing Tense. Or:— and so on. Or :— and so on. 1 Or;— g | and so on. Perfect : 7 have made . Same as Past. Pluperfect: 7 had- made .. J* Same as Past. Or :— gsrBS^i f. a. P . Or :— gsr^-fic-c 7 1 f. a . P . Or, though seldom used ;— f. a. D. Future : 7 shall make . f - a - p- Or :— gftqRQQfiX'] f. a. p. NO Or ;— g^-iXfc-r | f. a. p. Or :— | f a. p. Subjunctive and Conditional Moods. Present .- If... I shall make. (Present Root)... '• • 8f ’ • (any simple Future as above). TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 391 The rest as in Literary ^ | To send. No. VII. The other Moods as in the same Verb No. VII, down to and includ¬ ing the Optative Mood, with appropriate Roots, etc. Imperative Mood. (^l)l l ^•q^trg^ I 1 I lf Make. | > Do not make. Present: Perfect: Com. Perfeot : Future : Participles. 5^1 g*rei| gr<36*;q j gsriafq | g*rcnwj-ci i gri g^-|-%ci! 3 l g^q*/G\g*>*q | g^-g-q, 3^*q^-u|35rq | g-g-^aj-q ] g%-%q | Ma king. 'Made. J Having made. ► About to make. * i J 392 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. I goers' i 99'^ I Active or Periphrastic Participles. ] \ y He who or that which makes or does ; the maker or doer. He who or that which made or did. g-sjpsj! 9^1 9V^'9'^, 9'S%^ | yfie who or that which will make j or do, or is to make or do. I J Or the following simple construction may be used ;— g'TSpr gy^g-si ^’appr^ | g=q-S)3Tg^-q^^g-5j^-Q,ci^.^ , g^-gjSl'g-q^-gg-^g-ajq]^-^ | The carpenter who makes the box. The carpenter who made the box. The carpenter who will make , or is to make , the box. J Other Participial Expressions. As in Colloquial g^'q | To make. No. XVI. 5 V*1 9 *VV S3 gg-q^-g, gg-q^™ j Cv cv gg-q^-g^-g , Supines. | To make. ) >For making J TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 33 Verbal, Nouns. ] gv d>i g^'=j- (?>! g^-^g^-cr < ^ j i (^)l g^g-c^-q- (^)I g - * - (?)i Infinitive Mood. Present : To make. Making ; a or the making The having made. >The being about to make, Perfect : gsrsil I *3^ I ► To have made Future - To be about to make. gsrq*y^*,q | g^CIA-Og^-q 1 5 ^-q^-g-q l g^-qs/qp^rq | g^-g^q i '■O g-0-wjaj-cj | S' q l | g-ogp^-q | XVIII. Passive, 4-Rooted Colloquial Verb CJ | To be made } To be done, eto. or 304 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. Conjugated on the lines of Passive Colloquial Verb q TF91 To be sent. No. VIII, with the appropriate Roots, etc. XIX.—Passive, 4- Rooted Literary Verb To be made, To be done, etc. Conjugated on the lines of Passive Literary Verb q^CTR-g-q | To be sent , No. XII, as far a-*, and including, the Compound Perfect of the Participles, and with the appropriate Roots, etc. Then :— Participles. Future : g^q*-g-q| W* I g-g^-q i g-qi 1 l A bout to be made or done gii Other Participial Expressions Present. * Being made or done l ■) f Because , since, while , when. | (j being made or done. And so on as in Literary Active, No. XVII. Past. gsr-51 gsrqsj | Having been made or done. ^ Because, since, when ... is or teas / made or done. And so on as in Literary Active, No. XVII. TIBETAN GRAMMAR. 3t*6 Supines. s^i 3^** i svii SP (or g^-eq- or ) | 3^5 (° r ^'°r or |^)| ( or or )| 1 ! I i \ I I J *\ To be made or done . For being made or done . 3 " q ' (^)l Verbal Noun. Being made or done, being thade or done. A or the Infinitive Mood. 5^! g-j'wjaj-q | Future : 9^ 0’ y ^ a j| g^q^q^-q, 3 S^' 5 q I Fast: | *" To be made or done. To have been made or done. XX.—Passive Literary Verb ^•q^O^-q | To be made or tfore, etc. In conjugating this Verb, g^’CPs* remains constant throughout, while the rest is in Literary ufc’CT To be. No. II. 396 TIBETAN GRAMMAR. Or, while keeping constant throughout. Literary S® No. XV may be substituted for Literary But then the meaning is ,—To become made or done , To be about to become made or done. FINIS . ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 4, line 1 at bottom. For read 8, „ 6 from 9 9 j F 9 9 B >9 9, „ 13 9 ) 9 9 9 J t in col. 2 f t. 9 1 12, „ 6 9 1 top. J 9 “ affected ” 9 9 “ effected.’ J 9 12, „ 12 9 $ bottom. J J ** affected ” * * *‘ effected.’ > * 14, „ 2 9 9 top. t J Y at a P 9 Yata. f * 18, ., 7 9 9 bottom. * 9 Lex-pa f * Lkx-PA. 19, „ 2 7 9 9 f ! f Cho j " 1 t Ch'o. > > 21, 1 at top. ) f 9 9 * ) 21, ,, 2 from 9 9 9 9 Heda 9 9 Head. P 22, „ 7 1 > bottom. 9 9 sr 9 > f J 22, „ 6 f 9 9 9 9 9 £>a t J t)A. 1 P 23, ,, 11 9 9 99 9 9 Geb I t Geb. ? J 25, „ 7 9 9 top. 9 9 G‘a > J G’a. 9 9 27, „ 8 > 9 bottom. 9 9 t • f 2. > P 27, ,, 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 ditto. J J 28, „ 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ba6 ? £a6. * 9 31, „ 6 9 9 top. 1 * 9 9 m P) 71. 9* 31, ,, 4 9 1 bottom. 9 t Bar > J 6ar, and J J Ba f$A. y 9 33, „ 3 9 9 top. 9 9 2hyu 2hyu, and 9 9 > uji. f 9 35, „ 6 9 9 bottom. J J 3' P J 3 > 48, ,, 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 lines loping S P 9 9 “ line si of ing. 9 9 49, ,, 9 9 9 top. 9 9 ■? J a J 1 49, „ 14 9 9 I 9 99 “ up ” J > “ at.” >* 06, ,, 3 9 9 J J 9 9 sr > ■ ■<3 J * 68, „ 1 at 7 9 9 9 * S > * G. 398 ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 89, line 10 from bottom. For Zhyi read -Zhyi, 7 9 89, 3 ,, * y * > ditto. * * 89, 4 >) T * > top > > ditto. 9 y 89, * > ® ,, y > j > ditto in both places y t 91, 3 ,, 11 1 t Zhyi’ read Zhyi’. y y 91, *, *1 ,, y t > > Zhyi’ „ Zhyi*. j ) 91, 4 * > 7 ft 7 > > y ZhyiO ,, # ZlIYIG. 5 > 106, ,, 11 ,, ) T 9 j * J * 139, last line. j i S J 140, line 12 from bottom. > ) F B *> 151, 12 5 s 1 ** ) , * * > F*' > 153, „ io > i * > Delete or between and Ex. J 169, j > I top J j hath read that. } > 243, JT 10 from bottom. 5 1 ? J 262, 9 > * * 5J top. ) > •ipr „ T 1 306, „ 6 bottom. 9 > .. o£f*$ y y 329, 3 it ** > j s y J 1 J * 347, last line. Delete second and third dot between 1 7 * and | 351, line 11 from botton$$?Fl£ead “ might be sent” 371 , „ 11 ,, * 7 I * ' J 381 J J t 382, ,, 10 t J > > ) > > > ,, Delete “ ( 5 ^' or vCJETT or ■5 C I| | 99 and re-insert after “ Particleon next previous line. top. For read 5 S5 bottom. ,, .. o^* CV -*y ,, , % ,, ^ and for 386, 8 CORRIGENDA— (continued). Page 60 (middle of page). Delete the words “ some uncertainty,” and substitute the words “ personal knowledge and is certain.” Also delete the word “ almost.” Also delete the words <f at all,” and substitute the word “ exactly.” Also delete the words “ only hazarding the statement,” and sub¬ stitute the words “speaking on information/’ Page 207 (bottom of page). Delete the words “ an emphatic or positive statement is intended and substitute the words “the speaker expresses knowledge derived from information.” After the words t4 No there is not” insert the words “ (so I am informed).” Then add the following: — ■ “‘Vf'll is used when the speaker expresses personal knowledge and certainty. Thus:— | 51 No, there is not (I know). (See also p. 66).” / _ - m