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this is called "perception of harming." These are the three unwholesome perceptions. (4) Three unwholesome elements 912. What are these three unwholesome elements? Element of sensual desire, element of ill-will, element of harming. What is the element of sensual desire? The thought of sensual desire is the element of sensual desire. The thought of ill-will is the element of ill-will. The thought of harming is the element of harming. (a) What is the thought of sensual desire? Connected with sensual desire, thinking, thought, wrong intention— this is called "thought of sensual desire." (b) What is the thought of ill-will? Connected with ill-will, thinking, thought, wrong intention— this is called "thought of ill-will." (c) What is the thought of harming? Connected with harming, thinking, thought, wrong intention— (The text ends abruptly here.) that which is called "thought of harming". These are the three unwholesome elements. (5) Three bad conducts 913. What are these three bad conducts? Bad bodily conduct, bad verbal conduct, bad mental conduct. (A) What is bad bodily conduct? Taking life, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct – this is called "bad bodily conduct". (B) What is bad verbal conduct? False speech, slanderous speech, harsh speech, idle chatter – this is called "bad verbal conduct". (C) What is bad mental conduct? Covetousness, ill-will, wrong view – this is called "bad mental conduct". (A-C) What is bad bodily conduct? Unwholesome bodily action is bad bodily conduct, unwholesome verbal action is bad verbal conduct, unwholesome mental action is bad mental conduct. What is unwholesome bodily action? Unwholesome bodily volition is unwholesome bodily action, unwholesome verbal volition is unwholesome verbal action, unwholesome mental volition is unwholesome mental action. These are the three bad conducts. (6) Three taints 914. What are these three taints? The taint of sensual desire, the taint of becoming, the taint of ignorance. (A) What is the taint of sensual desire? That which in sensual pleasures is sensual desire, sensual lust, sensual delight, sensual craving, sensual affection, sensual torment, sensual infatuation, sensual clinging – this is called "the taint of sensual desire". (B) What is the taint of becoming? That which in becomings is desire for becoming… …clinging to becoming – this is called "the taint of becoming". (C) What is the taint of ignorance? Ignorance of suffering… …the bond of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesome – this is called "the taint of ignorance". These are the three taints. (7) Three fetters 915. What are these three fetters? Personality view, doubt, adherence to rites and rituals. (A) What is personality view? Here, an uninstructed ordinary person, not seeing the noble ones, unskilled in the Dhamma of the noble ones, not trained in the Dhamma of the noble ones, not seeing the true persons, unskilled in the Dhamma of the true persons, Not trained in the teaching of the good people – he regards form as self or self as possessing form or form as in self or self as in form. Feeling, perception, formations, consciousness he regards as self or self as possessing consciousness or consciousness as in self or self as in consciousness. Whatever such view, fixed view… mistaken grasp – this is called "identity view". (B) What is doubt there? He wavers, doubts about the Teacher, he wavers, doubts about the Dhamma, he wavers, doubts about the Saṅgha, he wavers, doubts about the training, he wavers, doubts about the past, he wavers, doubts about the future, he wavers, doubts about the past and future, he wavers, doubts about dependent origination, the dependently arisen states. Whatever such wavering, doubting, state of doubt, stiffness of mind, mental perplexity – this is called "doubt". (C) What is adherence to rites and rituals there? "Purity is by moral practice, purity is by vows, purity is by moral practice and vows, for ascetics and brahmins outside of this (teaching)" – whatever such view, fixed view… mistaken grasp – this is called "adherence to rites and rituals". These are the three fetters. (8) Three cravings 916. What are the three cravings there? Craving for sensual pleasures, craving for existence, craving for non-existence. What is craving for existence there? Lust accompanied by the view of existence, attachment, mental attachment – this is called "craving for existence". What is craving for non-existence there? Lust accompanied by the view of annihilation, attachment, mental attachment – this is called "craving for non-existence". The remaining craving is craving for sensual pleasures. What is craving for sensual pleasures there? Lust connected with the sense-sphere realm, attachment, mental attachment – this is called "craving for sensual pleasures". ( ) [What is craving for existence there?] Lust connected with the form realm and the formless realm, attachment, mental attachment – this is called "craving for existence". ( ) [What is craving for non-existence there?] Craving accompanied by the annihilationist view, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for non-existence". These are the three cravings. (9) Also another three cravings 917. Among these, what are the other three cravings? Craving for sensual pleasures, craving for form, craving for formlessness. (a) Among these, what is craving for sensual pleasures? Craving connected with the sense-sphere, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for sensual pleasures". (b) Among these, what is craving for form? Craving connected with the form-sphere, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for form". (c) Among these, what is craving for formlessness? Craving connected with the formless-sphere, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for formlessness". These are the three cravings. (10) Also another three cravings 918. Among these, what are the other three cravings? Craving for form, craving for formlessness, craving for cessation. (a) Among these, what is craving for form? Craving connected with the form-sphere, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for form". (b) Among these, what is craving for formlessness? Craving connected with the formless-sphere, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for formlessness". (c) Among these, what is craving for cessation? Craving accompanied by the annihilationist view, attachment, the mind's attachment— this is called "craving for cessation". These are the three cravings. (11) Three searches 919. Among these, what are the three searches? Search for sensual pleasures, search for existence, search for the holy life. (a) Among these, what is the search for sensual pleasures? Whatever desire for sensual pleasures... preoccupation with sensual pleasures— this is called "search for sensual pleasures". (b) Among these, what is the search for existence? Whatever desire for existence... preoccupation with existence— this is called "search for existence". (c) Among these, what is the search for the holy life? "The world is eternal" or "the world is not eternal"... "the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death"— whatever such view, wrong view... perverted grasp— this is called "search for the holy life". (a) Among these, what is the search for sensual pleasures, sensual passion, that one thing a Wholesome bodily action, verbal action, mental action – this is called "quest for sensual pleasures". (Kha) Therein, what is the quest for existence? Craving for existence, that which is associated with it, unwholesome bodily action, verbal action, mental action – this is called "quest for existence". (Ga) Therein, what is the quest for holy life? Extreme views, that which is associated with it, unwholesome bodily action, verbal action, mental action – this is called "quest for holy life". These are the three quests. (12) Three Kinds of Conceit 920. Therein, what are the three kinds of conceit? The conceit "I am superior", the conceit "I am equal", the conceit "I am inferior" – these are the three kinds of conceit. (13) Three Fears 921. Therein, what are the three fears? Fear of birth, fear of old age, fear of death. (Ka) Therein, what is the fear of birth? Dependent on birth, fear, dread, terror, horripilation, mental agitation – this is called "fear of birth". (Kha) Therein, what is the fear of old age? Dependent on old age, fear, dread, terror, horripilation, mental agitation – this is called "fear of old age". (Ga) Therein, what is the fear of death? Dependent on death, fear, dread, terror, horripilation, mental agitation – this is called "fear of death". These are the three fears. (14) Three Obscurations 922. Therein, what are the three obscurations? Concerning the past time, one doubts, one is perplexed, one does not resolve, one is not confident; or concerning the future time, one doubts, one is perplexed, one does not resolve, one is not confident; or concerning the present time, one doubts, one is perplexed, one does not resolve, one is not confident – these are the three obscurations. (15) Three Heretical Views 923. Therein, what are the three heretical views? Here, some ascetic or brahmin holds such a doctrine, holds such a view: "Whatever this person experiences, whether pleasure or pain or neither-pleasure-nor-pain, all that is due to past action." Here And some ascetic or brahmin holds such a view, speaks thus: "Whatever this person experiences— be it pleasure, or pain, or neither-pain-nor-pleasure— all that is due to creation by a divine being." Here, again, some ascetic or brahmin holds such a view, speaks thus: "Whatever this person experiences— be it pleasure, or pain, or neither-pain-nor-pleasure— all that is without cause, without condition." These are the three doctrinal standpoints. (16) Three Impurities 924. What are the three impurities there?