English
On the Ernam (ེར་སྣམ་), the part of the Sharbu (ཤར་བུ) fabric that protrudes out, only a small piece, the bottom of the Sharbu needs to be covered with precious thin stone slabs. On top of that, there is the dark lower fabric, with a height of one small piece. The internal surroundings are the same as before. The exterior has pillars at the four corners, and one pillar is also erected on the left and right sides of the bull's back. Apart from that, this external open space and the walls of the porch, are the same height as the walls that include the horse path. From the edge of the roof of the entire porch, long things like bird wings hang down, which is the horse path. Between the walls of the porch, after passing a small gap, directly above the horse path itself, in the corner of the dark lower fabric, there are things like the beam slabs that support the lower horse path, located under the gold fabric (གསེར་སྣམ་). The pillars of the pillar top and pillar base, under the darkness, inside the horse path, exist in the manner of supporting the lifeline, and on top of that, the beams are also located around, matching the shape of the bird wings. The top is like laying stone slabs, and the eaves are arranged in a way that they are not visible, and in front of the veranda (ཝ་རཎྜ་), they are connected like wooden boards standing upright. On the left and right sides, on top of the beams, it is as if fine plaster has been applied. The height of that veranda is also two-thirds of a small piece. The interior is interrupted directly in front of the bull's back. On the left and right sides, starting from the corner pillars, each extends a small piece, and the tips of the eaves look outwards, as if arranging pearl necklaces. In the front, a half net hangs down from the outer edge of the veranda. The intervals between the pillars, the left and right directions of the two sides of the door, have beams that are flush with the outer edge of the pillars. On top of that, on the left and right sides, it is as if wooden wedges have been driven in, and from that end, a half net hangs down from the inner interval of a small piece. Some Panditas believe that directly above the beams of the internal roof, it is as if thin stone slabs are used to separate the rooms. In front of the bull's back, that method looks beautiful. However, in front of the upper dark fabric, it is best to make it look like a canopy that blocks the stone slabs. That's what they say. The left and right sides of the bull's back are the pillar tops of the lower dark fabric, or, above the pillars, the upper dark fabric should also have one pillar on each side of the bull's back. That upper dark fabric is the door curtain.
Chinese
是……的楼上。那里的四个角柱也立在门墙四角正上方。那些柱子正对着下层暗布的柱子。在左右两边，柱子立在用一小部分隔开的地方。即使这柱子下层柱顶上有人，也要让它到达下层柱子的顶端。在门框门边的交界处正上方也立两根柱子，看起来会更好。柱子上前后各放一根梁。左右两边比柱顶高出两小部分。墙面的梁直接放在门墙上角所立的柱子上。为了支撑这个，如果在下层短柱上再立柱子也会更好。这暗布外围左右两边的梁连接起来，与柱子本身齐平。梁的柱顶柱座上各有一根柱子。柱子上也像之前一样放梁来盖顶。为了遮挡外面，下面是夏布，上面是珍宝，再上面是蹄形布，像侧立堆叠的草皮。各自的高度是两又三分之二小部分，厚薄不定，但最好薄一些。夏布前面的外缘也悬挂着半网。左右半网的末端之间相连的部分是上层暗布的前面。夏布左右两边的外缘像横卧的箱子，开口朝内。只有在那下面，从外向内测量，每隔一小部分就悬挂着半网。那是上层暗布左右两边的外缘，因为黑暗是虚空。所以不需要隔断草皮等，直到柱子左右各一小部分的地方。这暗布上面的牛背墙的边缘，向外的宽度，以及从外到内的厚薄，都要和下面的那些一样。夏布是用钉子固定在暗布上面的梁上的，珍宝和蹄形布的左右两端也用钉子固定在上层柱子的表面。右边。
English
It is the upper floor of... The four corner pillars there are also erected directly above the four corners of the door wall. Those pillars face the pillars of the lower dark cloth. On the left and right sides, the pillars are erected in places separated by a small portion. Even if there are people on the top of the lower pillar of this pillar, it should reach the top of the lower pillar. It would be better to erect two pillars directly above the junction of the door frame and the door edge. A beam is placed on the front and back of the pillar. The left and right sides are longer and higher than the pillar top by two small parts each. The beam on the wall surface is placed directly on the pillars erected on the upper corners of the door wall. To support this, it would be better to erect pillars on the lower short pillars as well. The beams on the left and right sides of the outer edge of this dark cloth are connected, flush with the pillars themselves. There is one pillar each on the pillar top pillar base of the beam. Beams are placed on the pillars as before to cover the top. In order to cover the outside, below is Xia cloth, above is jewels, and above that is hoof-shaped cloth, like turf stacked on its side. Their respective heights are two and two-thirds small parts, and the thickness is uncertain, but it is best to be thin. A half-net is also hung on the front outer edge of the Xia cloth. The part connected between the ends of the left and right half-nets is the front of the upper dark cloth. The outer edges on the left and right sides of the Xia cloth are like lying boxes with the opening facing inward. Only below that, measuring from the outside to the inside, a half-net is hung every small part. That is the outer edge on the left and right sides of the upper dark cloth, because darkness is emptiness. Therefore, there is no need to separate the turf, etc., up to the place where there is one small part each on the left and right sides of the pillar. The edge of the bull-back wall above this dark cloth, the width facing outward, and the thickness from the outside to the inside should be the same as those below. The Xia cloth is fixed with nails on the beam above the dark cloth, and the left and right ends of the jewels and hoof-shaped cloth are also fixed with nails on the surface of the upper pillar. Right.
Chinese
至于椽子，在超过栋梁两份小尺寸的地方，做成长方形的箱子，横向展示，开口朝内，像两层楼一样。或者，加上雀替，总共做成三层楼的样子。或者，雀替可以只有下底座，而马蹄可以只有上盖，中间做成空心的也可以。无论如何，从外面看，三个饰件都要有线条。暗室以上的部分，就像门房上面的凉亭一样，是比门洞的顶层更高的房子。门洞顶层的左右两边，也需要鸟翼、雀替和箭杆，但不需要半格窗等。有些人把马蹄饰件的上方，正对着马道的正面，在屋檐的上方，马蹄的内部，外侧的栋梁上，安装箭杆的方式也是可以的。这样的话，十一个饰件全部在外侧对齐。然而，下面的门边的屋檐，连同短柱子的上方，是暗室、雀替、珍宝马蹄这三个连接在一起的内部凉亭空心结构。在上面的马蹄内部的上方有栋梁，屋顶就架在上面。支撑栋梁的，也在里面的短柱子的地方，竖立两根柱子从中间抬起。左右两边，也从栋梁的两端，由竖立在门框角落上方的柱子抬起。门框墙壁的上方，柱子之间的间隔，以及门边的上方，用墙壁或隔板围绕。内外中间也要放置长栋梁，并且需要支撑它的柱子。这样，屋檐的中间栋梁的上方，箭杆的高度是小尺寸的三分之二，长度是小尺寸的十分之十。从它的端头开始，左右两边也显然需要一些箭杆。箭杆的内部中央，在与箭杆高度相同的台座上，可以堆叠一份小尺寸的莲花，以及半份小尺寸的白伞盖。或者，没有台座，只有莲花，但与箭杆一样高，舍弃伞盖，只做两份小尺寸的法轮也可以。法轮的中央，竖立着带有顶饰的棍棒，从中间横向伸出带有顶饰的枝条。
English
As for the rafters, in the places exceeding the ridgepole by two small dimensions each, make long rectangular boxes, displaying them horizontally with the openings facing inward, like two stories. Alternatively, adding the spandrel brackets, make it like three stories in total. Or, the spandrel brackets can have only the lower base, while the horseshoe can have only the upper cover, making the middle hollow. In any case, from the outside, all three ornaments should have lines. The part above the dark room is like a cool pavilion above the gatehouse, which is a house higher than the top floor of the gate opening. On the right and left sides of the top floor of the gate opening, bird wings, spandrel brackets, and arrow shafts are also needed, but not half-lattice windows, etc. Some people place the arrow shafts above the horseshoe ornament, directly facing the front of the horse landing, above the eaves, inside the horseshoe, on the outer ridgepole. This method is also acceptable. In this case, all eleven ornaments are aligned on the outer side. However, the eaves of the lower doorway, together with the short pillars, have the dark room, spandrel brackets, and jewel horseshoe connected as an inner pavilion with a hollow structure. Above the inside of the upper horseshoe, there is a ridgepole, and the roof is placed on it. To support the ridgepole, two pillars are erected in the place of the inner short pillars, lifting it from the middle. On the left and right sides, the two ends of the ridgepole are also lifted by pillars erected on the upper corners of the door frame. The space between the pillars above the door frame wall, and above the doorway, is surrounded by walls or partitions. Long ridgepoles should also be placed in the middle of the interior and exterior, and pillars to support them are also needed. In this way, above the middle ridgepole of the eaves, the height of the arrow shaft is two-thirds of a small dimension, and the length is ten small dimensions. Starting from its end, it is evident that some arrow shafts are also needed on the left and right sides. In the inner center of the arrow shaft, on a pedestal of the same height as the arrow shaft, one small dimension of a lotus and half a small dimension of a white umbrella can be stacked. Alternatively, without a pedestal, only a lotus can be present, but it should be as high as the arrow shaft, and instead of the umbrella, only a two-small-dimension Dharma wheel can be made. In the center of the Dharma wheel, a staff with a crest is erected, and branches with crests extend horizontally from the middle.
Chinese
想要装饰法轮的中心，法轮的左右两侧有金制的雌雄鹿的形象，雄鹿有角，雌鹿无角。鹿的形象应如黑鹿（梵文天城体：कṛṣṇa，梵文罗马拟音：kṛṣṇa，汉语字面意思：黑）或如麅子一般。下方的暗色毡布等马座，围绕着门房的外围墙壁和上方的栋梁，彼此之间不接触地安置。上方的暗色毡布等，覆盖在门房的上方。为了使马座的毡布各自不移动且稳固，要好好地缝合和钉牢。四根柱子的上方竖立的柱子从外面看不见，内部的柱子用榫卯和钉子固定。左右两侧门框的墙壁上，每一块毡布的边缘都嵌入预先凿好的墙洞中，左右前方根据情况，从毡布的内部穿过，穿到毡布的外部并缝合。除了金毡的横梁之外，上层暗部的上方边缘，与牛背的垂直位置的毡布是断开的。所谓的牛背，是指三个暗部，即瓦拉纳暗部，中间有眼睛；下方的三个，即金色的、夏尔布的、珍宝的，左右各有两个眼睛；在马蹄的垂直位置有连接处。其中要放置小的穆然，用铜片覆盖，用榫卯紧紧固定并钉牢。此外，马座内门上方鸟翼状悬挂的网状物，从外面也能看到与牛背垂直的位置。上层暗部上方牛背内部悬挂着夏尔布上层的网状物。然而，如果网状物的种类稍有不同，绘画上会更加美观。由于牛背的垂直位置瓦拉纳断开，因此可以看到该位置的栋梁和屋顶，但用与牛背颜色相同的颜料涂抹后，从该栋梁上悬挂绸缎和唐卡，因此绘画上不会画出该栋梁。许多古代原始唐卡在该位置绘制唐卡的原因也在于此。其中，金毡是黄色的，夏尔布的毡布是
English
It is desired to decorate the center of the Dharma wheel, and on the left and right sides of the wheel are golden images of male and female deer, the male having horns and the female without horns. The deer should be like a Krishna (Sanskrit Devanagari: कṛṣṇa, Sanskrit Romanization: kṛṣṇa, Chinese literal meaning: black) or a roe deer, as appropriate. The lower dark felt and other horse seats are placed around the outer walls of the gatehouse and the upper beams, without touching each other. The upper dark felt and the like cover the top of the gatehouse. In order to keep the felt of the horse seats from moving and to keep them stable, they should be well sewn and nailed. The pillars erected on top of the four pillars are not visible from the outside, and the inner pillars are fastened with mortise and tenon joints and nails. On the walls of the left and right door frames, the edges of each felt are embedded in pre-drilled wall holes, one by one at the corners, and as appropriate on the left, right, and front, they are pierced from the inside of the felt, through to the outside of the felt, and sewn together. Except for the golden felt beam, the felt at the upper edge of the upper darkness, directly above the bull's back, is cut off. The so-called bull's back refers to the three dark areas, the Varana dark area having a central eye, and the lower three, the golden, Sharbu, and precious, each having two eyes on the left and right, with a joint at the vertical position of the horse's hoof. Small murans should be placed inside, covered with copper plates, tightly fastened with mortise and tenon joints, and nailed. In addition, the half-nets hanging from the eaves of the inner door of the horse seat can also be seen from the outside, directly above the bull's back. The half-net of the upper Sharbu is hung inside the bull's back above the upper dark area. However, if the type of half-net is slightly different, the painting will be more beautiful. Because the Varana is cut off at the vertical position of the bull's back, the beam and roof above that position can be seen, but after painting it with the same color as the bull's back, silk hangings and thangkas are hung from that beam, so the beam is not drawn in the painting. The reason why many ancient original thangkas depict thangkas in that position is also this. Among them, the golden felt is yellow, and the Sharbu felt is