English
English version Question: 'If a bhiksu (Buddhist monk) keeps his nails long, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'He commits a pāṭayantika (a lesser offense).' Question: 'If a senior bhiksu (elder monk) has not yet bathed, and a junior bhiksu bathes in front of him, is there an offense?' Answer: 'He commits a pāṭayantika.' Question: 'If a bhiksu suddenly finds a foreign object in his bowl, or if the bowl is old and broken, but he doesn't know who permitted it, can he use it? Can he discard it?' Answer: 'Give it to the Sangha (community of monks). It must not be used privately.' Question: 'If there is a dwelling place where many monks come and go, and there are lost items, such as cloth or old clothes, that no one ever claims, can they be taken?' Answer: 'Give them to the Sangha. The Sangha can use them after storing them for a month or a year. If the owner comes later, repay with Sangha property. If they are valuable jewels that the Sangha cannot repay later, do not use them.' Question: 'If a familiar layperson (white-clothed person) comes to visit a bhiksu, can the bhiksu tell the senior monk or the steward (Vina) to give him Sangha food?' Answer: 'If the Sangha permits it beforehand, it can be given; if not, it cannot be given.' Question: 'If a bhiksu renounces monastic life and returns to lay life, and then ordains again, is his former teacher still his teacher?' Answer: 'No, he is not.' Question: 'Can the monks on the ordination platform (altar) be called teachers?' Answer: 'There is no such principle. Those from whom one has not received the Dharma cannot be considered teachers.' Question: 'Can all teachers be called Upadhyaya (preceptor)? Can (they) be called disciples?' Answer: 'No, they cannot. One can only respect them, like elders in secular society.' Chapter Fourteen on the Three Refuges Question: 'The Three Refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) can be received by people. Are there any who should not receive the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'Except for those who have committed the five heinous crimes (killing one's father, killing one's mother, killing an Arhat, causing disunity in the Sangha, shedding the blood of a Buddha), all others can.' Question: 'What is the effect of taking the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'The body, speech, and mind do not engage in evil deeds, and one does not follow teachers with wrong views.' Question: 'How does one violate the Three Refuges?' Answer: 'By favoring wrong views and following teachers of external paths (non-Buddhist religions).' Question: 'If one violates the Three Refuges, how does one repent?' Answer: 'Repent to one's original teacher. If there is no original teacher, one can repent to other bhiksus.' Question: 'If one cannot uphold,' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 得还不？”答：“得。”
Chinese
问：“若还，还云何？”“向本师、若一比丘言：‘我从今日已后，不复能归佛法归比丘僧。’如是三说。若不满三，故成就三归。” 问：“或人受三自归，乃悔宿命恶逆。为是理非？”答：“无此理。” 问：“三归正得从一人受。复得从三人各得受一归不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受三归法要终身。复可得一年半年十日五日不？”答：“随意多少。” 问：“若从师受一年半年自归，日满后，故是师非？”答：“一从受法，终身是师。” 问：“三自归得但受一二归不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受三归，现前无师得逢，从文受不？”答：“不得。” 问：“先受三归犯不悔，得更受不？”答：“不得，要当悔。若欲当受，舍先所受。若不舍，更受者不得。” 五戒事品第十五 问：“不受三归，得受五戒不？”答：“不得。” 问：“若受三归犯而不悔者，得受五戒不？”答：“不得。” 问：“受五戒法，可得但受五日十日一年二年不？”答：“随意多少。” 问：“受五戒不悔，得更受不？”答：“不舍不得更受，不悔亦不得舍。” 问：“五戒尽得悔不？”答：“若杀人、淫其所 现代汉语译本 问：‘应该偿还吗？’答：‘应该。’ 问：‘如果偿还，如何偿还？’答：‘向本师（根本的老师），或者任何一位比丘（佛教出家男众）说：‘我从今天以后，不再归依佛（Buddha，觉悟者）、法（Dharma，佛法）、比丘僧（Bhikshu Sangha，比丘僧团）。’这样说三次。如果不足三次，就不能成就三归依。’ 问：‘如果有人受了三自归（皈依佛、法、僧），后来后悔过去所做的恶事和叛逆行为，这合乎道理吗？’答：‘没有这个道理。’ 问：‘三归依（皈依佛、法、僧）只能从一个人那里受。可以从三个人那里分别受一归依吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受三归依法要终身奉行。可以只受一年、半年、十天、五天吗？’答：‘可以随意长短。’ 问：‘如果从师父那里受了一年或半年的自归依（皈依佛、法、僧），时间满了以后，这位师父还是你的师父吗？’答：‘一旦从他那里受了法，终身都是你的师父。’ 问：‘三自归依（皈依佛、法、僧）可以只受一归依或二归依吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受三归依（皈依佛、法、僧），如果眼前没有师父可以遇到，可以从书本上学习受归依吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘先受了三归依（皈依佛、法、僧），犯了戒而不忏悔，还可以再受三归依吗？’答：‘不可以，一定要忏悔。如果想要再受，必须舍弃先前所受的。如果不舍弃，再受也是无效的。’ 五戒事品第十五 问：‘没有受三归依（皈依佛、法、僧），可以受五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘如果受了三归依（皈依佛、法、僧），犯了戒而不忏悔，可以受五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘受五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）法，可以只受五天、十天、一年、二年吗？’答：‘可以随意长短。’ 问：‘受了五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）不忏悔，可以再受吗？’答：‘不舍弃就不能再受，不忏悔也不能舍弃。’ 问：‘五戒（不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒）都可以忏悔吗？’答：‘如果杀了人，或者奸淫了…’
English
English version Question: 'Should it be returned?' Answer: 'It should.' Question: 'If it is returned, how should it be returned?' Answer: 'To the original teacher (Ben Shi), or to any Bhikshu (Buddhist monk), say: 'From today onwards, I will no longer take refuge in the Buddha (the awakened one), the Dharma (the teachings), or the Bhikshu Sangha (the monastic community).' Say this three times. If it is not said three times, the three refuges are not accomplished.' Question: 'If someone takes the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and later regrets their past evil deeds and rebellious actions, is this reasonable?' Answer: 'There is no such reason.' Question: 'Can the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) only be received from one person? Can one receive one refuge each from three different people?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'Is the Dharma of taking the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) to be followed for life? Can it be taken for only a year, half a year, ten days, or five days?' Answer: 'It can be as long or as short as one wishes.' Question: 'If one takes the self-refuge (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) from a teacher for a year or half a year, is that teacher still your teacher after the time is up?' Answer: 'Once you have received the Dharma from him, he is your teacher for life.' Question: 'Can one take only one or two of the three self-refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha)?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If one wants to take the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) but cannot find a teacher in person, can one take refuge by studying from texts?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If one has already taken the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and violates the precepts without repentance, can one take the three refuges again?' Answer: 'No, one must repent. If one wants to take them again, one must renounce the previously taken refuges. If one does not renounce them, taking them again is invalid.' Chapter Fifteen on the Matters of the Five Precepts Question: 'Can one take the five precepts (not killing, not stealing, not committing sexual misconduct, not lying, not taking intoxicants) without taking the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha)?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If one has taken the three refuges (taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and violates the precepts without repentance, can one take the five precepts (not killing, not stealing, not committing sexual misconduct, not lying, not taking intoxicants)?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'Can the Dharma of taking the five precepts (not killing, not stealing, not committing sexual misconduct, not lying, not taking intoxicants) be taken for only five days, ten days, a year, or two years?' Answer: 'It can be as long or as short as one wishes.' Question: 'If one has taken the five precepts (not killing, not stealing, not committing sexual misconduct, not lying, not taking intoxicants) and does not repent, can one take them again?' Answer: 'One cannot take them again without renouncing the previous ones, and one cannot renounce them without repentance.' Question: 'Can all five precepts (not killing, not stealing, not committing sexual misconduct, not lying, not taking intoxicants) be repented?' Answer: 'If one has killed someone, or committed adultery with...' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
尊及比丘尼、盗三尊财者不得悔，余得悔。” 问：“五戒若不能持，得中还不？”答：“得还。若欲都还五戒者，合三自归还，言：‘从今日佛非我尊、我非佛弟子。’如是至三。法亦尔。若还一二三四者，但言：‘我从今日不能复持某戒。’如是至三。若不满三，戒犹成就。” 问：“五戒可从五师各一戒不？”答：“得。” 问：“既受五戒遍所重，可但分还一二不？”答：“得。” 问：“五戒可但受一二三不？”答：“得随意多少。” 问：“比丘犯重戒、或犯酒戒，得不？”答：“不得。” 问：“颇有八戒白衣不？”答：“无。唯有八关斋。” 十戒事品第十六 问：“不受五戒，得受十戒不？”答：“若先三自归，得。以十戒中即有五戒，亦不复受。” 问：“犯五戒不悔，得受十戒不？”答：“不得。若先不知，悔已受。而不悔，不得。” 问：“若师犯重戒，从受十戒得不？”答：“不得。” 问：“若犯重戒，从受十戒得不？”答：“不得。” 问：“沙弥犯十戒，尽得悔不？”答：“同上五戒。” 问沙弥品第十七 问：“悔须众不？”答：“不须众，但向本师得了。若现在无师，向余一比丘亦得 现代汉语译本 问：‘比丘（bhiksu，男性出家人）、比丘尼（bhiksuni，女性出家人）以及盗取三宝（triratna）财物的人，不得忏悔，其余可以忏悔。’ 问：‘如果五戒（panca-sila）不能持守，可以舍弃部分吗？’答：‘可以舍弃。如果想要全部舍弃五戒，应当通过三次自归（tri-sarana）仪式舍弃，说：‘从今天起，佛（buddha）不再是我的导师，我不再是佛的弟子。’如此重复三次。对法（dharma）也是一样。如果舍弃其中一二三四条戒律，只需说：‘我从今天起不能再持守某条戒律。’如此重复三次。如果不足三次，戒律仍然有效。’ 问：‘五戒可以从五位不同的戒师处各受一条吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘既然受持五戒是普遍重视的，可以只舍弃其中一二条吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘五戒可以只受持其中一二三条吗？’答：‘可以随意受持多少。’ 问：‘比丘（bhiksu）犯了重戒（parajika）或者犯了饮酒戒，可以吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘有受持八戒（asta-sila）的在家居士吗？’答：‘没有。只有八关斋（asta-uposatha）。’ 十戒事品第十六 问：‘没有受持五戒，可以直接受持十戒（dasa-sila）吗？’答：‘如果先进行了三次自归（tri-sarana），可以。因为十戒中包含了五戒，所以不必再重复受持五戒。’ 问：‘犯了五戒而不忏悔，可以受持十戒吗？’答：‘不可以。如果事先不知道，忏悔之后可以受持。如果不忏悔，则不可以。’ 问：‘如果戒师犯了重戒（parajika），从他那里受持十戒可以吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘如果自己犯了重戒（parajika），可以受持十戒吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘沙弥（sramanera，出家男众）犯了十戒，可以全部忏悔吗？’答：‘与上述五戒的情况相同。’ 问沙弥品第十七 问：‘忏悔需要大众参与吗？’答：‘不需要大众参与，只需向本师忏悔即可。如果现在没有本师，向其他一位比丘（bhiksu）忏悔也可以。’
English
English version Question: 'Monks (bhiksu), nuns (bhiksuni), and those who steal from the Three Jewels (triratna) cannot repent; others can.' Question: 'If the Five Precepts (panca-sila) cannot be upheld, can one relinquish some of them?' Answer: 'One can relinquish them. If one wishes to relinquish all five precepts, one should do so through the Three Refuges (tri-sarana) ceremony, saying: 'From today onwards, the Buddha (buddha) is no longer my teacher, and I am no longer a disciple of the Buddha.' Repeat this three times. The same applies to the Dharma (dharma). If one relinquishes one, two, three, or four precepts, one only needs to say: 'From today onwards, I can no longer uphold such-and-such precept.' Repeat this three times. If it is not repeated three times, the precept remains in effect.' Question: 'Can one receive each of the Five Precepts from five different teachers?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'Since upholding the Five Precepts is universally valued, can one relinquish only one or two of them?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'Can one receive only one, two, or three of the Five Precepts?' Answer: 'One can receive as many or as few as one wishes.' Question: 'Is it permissible for a monk (bhiksu) to commit a grave offense (parajika) or violate the precept against alcohol?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'Are there laypeople who observe the Eight Precepts (asta-sila)?' Answer: 'No. There is only the Eightfold Observance (asta-uposatha).' Chapter Sixteen on Matters Concerning the Ten Precepts Question: 'Can one receive the Ten Precepts (dasa-sila) without having received the Five Precepts?' Answer: 'If one has first taken the Three Refuges (tri-sarana), yes. Because the Ten Precepts include the Five Precepts, there is no need to receive the Five Precepts again.' Question: 'Can one receive the Ten Precepts if one has violated the Five Precepts without repenting?' Answer: 'No. If one did not know beforehand, one can receive them after repenting. If one does not repent, one cannot.' Question: 'If the teacher has committed a grave offense (parajika), can one receive the Ten Precepts from him?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If one has committed a grave offense (parajika), can one receive the Ten Precepts?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'Can a novice monk (sramanera) repent for all violations of the Ten Precepts?' Answer: 'The same as the above regarding the Five Precepts.' Chapter Seventeen on Novice Monks Question: 'Does repentance require the presence of the Sangha (community)?' Answer: 'It does not require the presence of the Sangha; it is sufficient to repent to one's teacher. If one does not have a teacher at present, it is also permissible to repent to another monk (bhiksu).' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。”