English
English version Question: If a bhikkhuni (nun) has a swelling or a painful area, and a bhikkhu (monk) presses on that area with his hand to treat it, what offense is committed? Answer: If lustful thoughts arise, a parajika (defeat, expulsion from the Sangha) offense is committed; if lustful thoughts do not arise, a sanghadisesa (formal meeting) offense is committed. Question: If a woman has no children and says to a bhikkhu, 'Teach me a method [to conceive],' and the bhikkhu teaches her, what offense is committed? Answer: A parajika offense is committed. Question: If a bhikkhu entrusts an item to someone and then does not give it to that person, what offense is committed? Answer: If he takes back more than the allowed amount himself, a thullaccaya (grave offense) is committed. If the item is damaged and returned, the value of the damage is calculated to determine the severity of the offense. Question: If someone goes completely unclothed in a village, what offense is committed? Answer: A sanghadisesa offense is committed. Question: If a bhikkhu cries, what offense is committed? Answer: If it happens once in a village gathering, a sanghadisesa offense is committed. If he does not stop after three admonishments, a parajika offense is committed. Question: If someone carries a bow and sword and watches in a village, what offense is committed? Answer: If he did not know the rule beforehand, there is no offense; if he knew, a dukkhata (wrongdoing) offense is committed. Question: If a bhikkhu rides an animal, what offense is committed? Answer: If it is a male animal, one ride is an offense of transgression; if he does not stop after three admonishments, a parajika offense is committed. If it is a female animal, one ride is a parajika offense. Question: If a bhikkhu watches laypeople (white-clothed ones) fighting in a village, what offense is committed? Answer: A sanghadisesa offense is committed. Question: If a bhikkhu briefly picks up chess pieces or wooden dice and plays, what offense is committed? Answer: A pacittiya (expiation) offense is committed. Question: If someone in a village embraces and kisses a three-year-old child, what offense is committed? Answer: A pacittiya offense is committed. Question: If someone wrestles with a layperson in a village, what offense is committed? Answer: A dukkhata offense is committed. Question: If someone watches a layperson engaging in sexual activity with an animal in a village, what offense is committed? Answer: If he watches knowing it is an unlawful act, a sanghadisesa offense is committed; if he does not know, there is no offense. If lustful thoughts arise and defiled words are spoken, a parajika offense is committed. Question: If a bhikkhu does not have enough food, can he instruct someone who is not fully ordained to get food? Answer: Yes, except for a brahmana (Hindu priest). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
问：“山中旷野中，见一无主器物，可取用不？”答：“得用，要须语王、若王家之人。若语余人得用。不得持去，犯舍堕。” 问：“道人作医得取物不？”答：“若慈心持得作，恶心不得。无衣钵，前人与得取。若有衣钵，前人强与，为福事得取。若人不与，亦不得为福乞，犯舍堕。” 问：“食巾或少多酱菜饭羹堕上，要须浣不？”答：“不污亦须日浣。若有沙弥白衣，付之日从受，不犯。若已付，着室中无苦。若不付，有不浣，犯舍堕。” 问：“比丘私房，小小出不闭户，有犯不？”答：“犯舍堕。” 问：“比丘私房内拍手笑，犯何事？”答：“犯舍堕。” 问：“比丘得踯过小水小坑不？”答：“不得。犯堕。昔有一优婆塞，请一比丘，欲与作一领好衣，比丘即随去。中道有一小水，比丘便踯度。此优婆塞便嫌，心念：‘我谓是好比丘，欲与一领好衣。而更跳踯沟坑，我归当与半领衣。’此是无著，知其人念。前行见水，复故踯过。贤者复念：‘我归当与一张粗㲲。’前行见水复踯过。贤者复念：‘我归当与一顿食。’无著复知其念，前行见水，便举衣涉渡。贤者问比丘：‘何以不踯渡？’比丘言：‘卿前与我一领衣已，一踯过水正得半领。复一踯，正得一张粗㲲。 现代汉语译本： 问：‘在山中旷野里，见到没有主人的器物，可以拿来使用吗？’答：‘可以使用，但必须告知国王或者王家的人。如果告知其他人就可以使用。不得私自拿走，否则犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘修行人做医生可以收取财物吗？’答：‘如果是以慈悲心行医就可以收取，如果是以恶心就不可以。如果没有衣钵，之前的人给予就可以接受。如果已经有衣钵，之前的人强行给予，为了行善事就可以接受。如果别人不给，也不可以为了行善事而乞讨，否则犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘擦拭食物的餐巾或者少量酱菜饭汤掉在上面，需要清洗吗？’答：‘即使没有脏污也需要每天清洗。如果有沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，小沙弥）或白衣（在家信徒），交给他们每天清洗并接受，就不算犯戒。如果已经交给他们，放在房间里没有苦恼。如果没有交给他们，又不清洗，就犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）私人的房间，稍微出去一下不关门，有犯戒吗？’答：‘犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）在自己的房间里拍手大笑，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯舍堕罪。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）可以跳过小水坑吗？’答：‘不可以。犯堕罪。从前有一个优婆塞（Upasaka，在家男信徒），邀请一位比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众），想为他做一件好衣服，比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）就跟着去了。途中有一条小水沟，比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）就跳过去了。这位优婆塞（Upasaka，在家男信徒）就嫌弃了，心想：‘我以为是好的比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众），想给他做一件好衣服。竟然跳过沟坑，我回去只给他半件衣服。’这是无著（Asanga，人名），知道这个人的想法。继续往前走，看到水，又故意跳过去。贤者又想：‘我回去只给他一张粗布。’往前走，看到水又跳过去。贤者又想：‘我回去只给他一顿饭。’无著（Asanga，人名）又知道他的想法，往前走，看到水，就提起衣服涉水过去。贤者问比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）：‘为什么不跳过去？’比丘（Bhiksu，出家男众）说：‘你之前答应给我一件衣服，跳过一次水就只值半件了。再跳一次，就只值一张粗布了。’
English
English version: Question: 'In the mountains and wilderness, if one finds an ownerless object, may one take it for use?' Answer: 'One may use it, but one must inform the king or a member of the royal family. If one informs others, one may use it. One must not take it away secretly, otherwise one commits an offense requiring expiation (śuddha prāyaścittika, 舍堕).' Question: 'May a renunciate (道人) who practices medicine receive goods?' Answer: 'If one practices medicine with a compassionate heart, one may receive goods; if with an evil heart, one may not. If one has no robes and bowl, one may receive what a previous person gives. If one already has robes and bowl, and a previous person insists on giving, one may receive it for the sake of meritorious deeds. If others do not give, one may not beg for the sake of meritorious deeds, otherwise one commits an offense requiring expiation (śuddha prāyaścittika, 舍堕).' Question: 'If a food cloth or a small amount of pickles, rice, or soup falls on it, must it be washed?' Answer: 'Even if it is not soiled, it must be washed daily. If there is a novice monk (Śrāmaṇera, 沙弥) or a layperson (白衣), one may entrust it to them to wash and receive it back daily, and one does not commit an offense. If one has already entrusted it to them, there is no trouble in keeping it in the room. If one has not entrusted it to them, and one does not wash it, one commits an offense requiring expiation (śuddha prāyaścittika, 舍堕).' Question: 'If a monk's (Bhiksu, 比丘) private room is slightly open without closing the door when he goes out briefly, is there an offense?' Answer: 'One commits an offense requiring expiation (śuddha prāyaścittika, 舍堕).' Question: 'If a monk (Bhiksu, 比丘) claps his hands and laughs in his private room, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'One commits an offense requiring expiation (śuddha prāyaścittika, 舍堕).' Question: 'May a monk (Bhiksu, 比丘) leap over a small stream or small pit?' Answer: 'One may not. One commits an offense requiring expiation (prāyaścittika, 堕). In the past, there was a lay devotee (Upasaka, 优婆塞) who invited a monk (Bhiksu, 比丘), wanting to make him a fine robe. The monk (Bhiksu, 比丘) then followed him. On the way, there was a small stream, and the monk (Bhiksu, 比丘) then leaped over it. This lay devotee (Upasaka, 优婆塞) then became displeased, thinking: 'I thought he was a good monk (Bhiksu, 比丘), wanting to make him a fine robe. But he leaps over ditches and pits. When I return, I will only give him half a robe.' This was Asanga (无著), who knew the person's thoughts. Continuing forward, seeing water, he deliberately leaped over it again. The virtuous one then thought: 'When I return, I will only give him a coarse cloth.' Continuing forward, seeing water, he leaped over it again. The virtuous one then thought: 'When I return, I will only give him a meal.' Asanga (无著) again knew his thoughts, and continuing forward, seeing water, he then lifted his robe and waded across. The virtuous one asked the monk (Bhiksu, 比丘): 'Why did you not leap across?' The monk (Bhiksu, 比丘) said: 'You previously promised me a robe, and leaping over the water once is only worth half a robe. Leaping again is only worth a coarse cloth.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
复一踯，正得一顿食。我今所不踯者，恐复失食。’贤者乃知是得道人，便向忏悔，将归大供养。以此验之，知比丘不得踯过坑水。” 问：“比丘走，犯何事？”答：“犯堕。有急事不犯。” 问：“有人出家之后，还来盗本家物。犯何事？”答：“犯弃。所以尔者，初出家时一切尽舍，非己物故。” 问：“比丘本在俗时，共父母兄弟藏物。出家后家人尽死，比丘还自来取物。犯何事？”答：“若自取犯弃。若有所亲白衣，可说便取作福，应分半与官。所以尔者，此物无主应属官。不得全取，取犯重。” 问：“师更受戒小弟子，弟子得下腊下戒及在下行不？若不下，得为作礼不？”答：“都无此理。” 问：“比丘行他田地中，或有苗或无苗，有事不？”答：“有苗犯堕，急事不犯，无苗尽得。” 问：“大悔人已发露，或五三日、或有难，众僧分散。罪得决不？”答：“更求众乃决。” 问：“王者问比丘吉凶事，比丘为说，然后供养。犯何事？”答：“若得食，犯堕。得衣，犯舍堕。若说征伐得供养，犯重。” 问：“比丘有缘事，俗田行不？”答：“得。” 问：“比丘未满五腊不依止，犯何事？”答：“不依止师，若饮水食饭，日日犯盗。若 现代汉语译本 有人说：‘我曾经因为走动一下，才得到一顿饭吃。我现在之所以不敢走动，是害怕再次失去食物。’贤者这才知道他是得道之人，于是向他忏悔，并将他请回家中大大地供养。由此可以验证，比丘不应该走过坑里的水。 问：‘比丘奔跑，会犯什么戒？’答：‘犯堕罪。如果遇到紧急情况，则不犯。’ 问：‘有人出家之后，又回来偷自己家里的东西，犯什么戒？’答：‘犯弃罪（Prajika，波罗夷）。之所以这样，是因为刚出家时已经舍弃了一切，那些东西不再是自己的了。’ 问：‘比丘在俗家时，曾与父母兄弟一起藏匿财物。出家后，家人都去世了，比丘又自己来取回这些财物，犯什么戒？’答：‘如果自己取用，就犯弃罪。如果告知关系亲近的在家居士，让他们取走用来做功德，应该分一半给官府。之所以这样，是因为这些财物已经没有主人，应该归官府所有。不得全部取走，全部取走就犯重罪。’ 问：‘师父给小弟子重新受戒，弟子可以降低僧腊和戒腊，以及在下位行走吗？如果不能降低，可以接受他的礼拜吗？’答：‘完全没有这个道理。’ 问：‘比丘行走在别人的田地里，无论田里有没有庄稼，会有事吗？’答：‘田里有庄稼就犯堕罪，紧急情况不犯，没有庄稼就可以随意行走。’ 问：‘已经深深忏悔的人，已经发露罪过，或者过了五三天，或者遇到困难，众僧分散了，罪业可以消除吗？’答：‘需要再次寻求僧众才能消除。’ 问：‘国王向比丘询问吉凶之事，比丘为他说了，然后得到供养，犯什么戒？’答：‘如果得到食物，犯堕罪。得到衣服，犯舍堕罪（Nissaggiya Pacittiya，尼萨耆波逸提）。如果说了征伐之事而得到供养，犯重罪。’ 问：‘比丘有因缘之事，可以在俗家的田地里行走吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘比丘未满五年僧腊不依止师父，犯什么戒？’答：‘不依止师父，如果饮水吃饭，每天都犯盗罪。’
English
English version Someone said: 'I once got a meal because I moved around. The reason I don't dare to move now is that I'm afraid of losing food again.' The wise man then realized that he was an enlightened person, so he repented to him and invited him home for a great offering. This verifies that a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) should not walk through the water in a pit. Question: 'What offense does a Bhikkhu commit by running?' Answer: 'Commits a Dukkhata (an offense). If there is an emergency, it is not an offense.' Question: 'If someone, after leaving home (becoming a monk), comes back to steal things from his own family, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'Commits a Parajika (defeat). The reason is that when he first left home, he gave up everything, so those things are no longer his.' Question: 'A Bhikkhu, when he was a layman, hid things with his parents and brothers. After leaving home, all his family members died, and the Bhikkhu came back to retrieve these things himself. What offense does he commit?' Answer: 'If he takes it himself, he commits a Parajika. If he tells a close layperson to take it and use it for merit, he should divide half of it to the government. The reason is that these things have no owner and should belong to the government. He must not take it all; taking it all is a grave offense.' Question: 'If a teacher re-ordains a young disciple, can the disciple's seniority in monastic years and precepts be lowered, and can he walk in a lower position? If it cannot be lowered, can he accept his prostrations?' Answer: 'There is absolutely no such principle.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu walks in someone else's field, whether there are crops or not, is there an issue?' Answer: 'If there are crops, he commits a Dukkhata; in an emergency, it is not an offense. If there are no crops, he can walk freely.' Question: 'If a person who has deeply repented has already confessed his sins, or after five or three days, or encounters difficulties, and the Sangha (community of monks) is dispersed, can the sins be resolved?' Answer: 'He needs to seek the Sangha again to resolve it.' Question: 'If a king asks a Bhikkhu about auspicious or inauspicious matters, and the Bhikkhu tells him, and then receives offerings, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'If he receives food, he commits a Dukkhata. If he receives clothing, he commits a Nissaggiya Pacittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture). If he speaks of military expeditions and receives offerings, he commits a grave offense.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu has a reason, can he walk in a layman's field?' Answer: 'He can.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu does not rely on a teacher before completing five monastic years, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'If he does not rely on a teacher, if he drinks water or eats food, he commits theft every day.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 先不知法，犹得忏悔。”