Chinese
问：“沙弥半月一说戒不？”答：“无此理。所以尔者，以沙弥戒不成俗人，然终已可说，须十五日一集。” 问：“沙弥犯戒，得还向沙弥悔不？”答：“不得。” 问：“沙弥得着俗服不？”答：“不得。” 问：“师有种种违法事，沙弥得舍更求师不？”答：“得。” 问：“沙弥叛师，以白衣师综习俗，竟不舍。或经年月，还来投师。故是沙弥非？但悔过而已，不须更受戒耶？”答：“故是沙弥，但向师忏。本不舍戒不得更受，受亦不得戒。” 问：“沙弥为贼所抄，经历年月、或转经主，得逃不？”答：“转经主，不得。” 问：“沙弥犯禁，师僧已摈。谢得更出家不？”答：“若不舍戒，故是沙弥。可忏而已。” 问：“白衣时从沙弥受五戒，然后出家受大戒。本师故是沙弥，得呼为师不？”答：“得呼为师，但不得为礼，沙弥应作礼。白衣时从尼受五戒，然后出家亦尔。” 问：“比丘贪资之物，其罪甚重。昔有一比丘，贪着一铜铙，死后作饿鬼。众分物竟，便来现其身，绝大黤黮如纯黑云。诸比丘惊怪：‘此是何物？’众中有得道者言：‘是死比丘贪着铙故堕饿鬼中，今故贪惜来欲索之。’诸比丘即以铙还。既得便捉舌舐，放地而去 现代汉语译本 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，佛教术语，指出家接受十戒，但尚未正式成为比丘的修行者）是否需要每半月举行一次说戒仪式？’答：‘没有这个道理。因为沙弥戒（Śrāmaṇera vows）不会使人变成俗人，但最终还是可以说的，需要每十五天聚集一次。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）如果犯戒，可以向其他沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）忏悔吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）可以穿俗人的衣服吗？’答：‘不可以。’ 问：‘如果师父有各种违法的事情，沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）可以离开他，另找师父吗？’答：‘可以。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）背叛师父，跟随白衣（在家居士）师父学习世俗之事，最终也没有舍弃沙弥戒（Śrāmaṇera vows）。或者经过数月甚至数年，又回来投靠原来的师父。他还是沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）吗？只需要忏悔就可以了，不需要重新受戒吗？’答：‘仍然是沙弥（Śrāmaṇera），只需要向师父忏悔。因为他本来就没有舍弃沙弥戒（Śrāmaṇera vows），所以不能重新受戒，即使受了也得不到戒体。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）被盗贼抓走，经过数月甚至数年，或者被转卖给他人，可以逃走吗？’答：‘如果被转卖给他人，就不能逃走。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）触犯禁戒，已经被师父僧团驱逐。忏谢后还可以再次出家吗？’答：‘如果没有舍弃沙弥戒（Śrāmaṇera vows），仍然是沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）。可以忏悔就可以了。’ 问：‘在家居士的时候，从沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）那里受了五戒（Pañca-śīla），然后出家受了大戒（full monastic vows）。原来的师父仍然是沙弥（Śrāmaṇera），可以称呼他为师父吗？’答：‘可以称呼他为师父，但是不能向他顶礼，沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）应该向他顶礼。在家居士的时候，从比丘尼（Bhikkhunī，女性出家人）那里受了五戒（Pañca-śīla），然后出家的情况也是一样。’ 问：‘比丘（Bhikkhu，男性出家人）贪图财物，罪过非常严重。过去有一位比丘（Bhikkhu），贪恋一个铜铙，死后变成了饿鬼（Preta）。僧众分完财物后，他就显现出身形，非常巨大，颜色像纯黑的云。众比丘（Bhikkhu）感到惊怪：‘这是什么东西？’僧众中有得道的人说：‘这是死去的比丘（Bhikkhu），因为贪恋铜铙而堕入饿鬼道（Preta realm），现在因为贪恋不舍，所以来索要。’众比丘（Bhikkhu）就把铜铙还给他。他得到后就用舌头舔，然后放在地上离开了。’
English
English version Question: 'Does a Śrāmaṇera (novice monk) recite the precepts every half month?' Answer: 'There is no such principle. The reason is that the Śrāmaṇera vows do not make one a layperson, but eventually they can be recited, requiring a gathering every fifteen days.' Question: 'If a Śrāmaṇera violates a precept, can he confess to another Śrāmaṇera?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'Can a Śrāmaṇera wear lay clothes?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'If a teacher has various unlawful matters, can a Śrāmaṇera leave and seek another teacher?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'If a Śrāmaṇera betrays his teacher and follows a lay teacher to learn worldly matters, without abandoning the Śrāmaṇera vows, and after months or years returns to his original teacher, is he still a Śrāmaṇera? Does he only need to repent, or does he need to retake the vows?' Answer: 'He is still a Śrāmaṇera, and only needs to confess to his teacher. Since he did not abandon the vows, he cannot retake them; even if he does, he will not receive the precepts.' Question: 'If a Śrāmaṇera is captured by thieves and spends months or years as a slave, or is sold to another master, can he escape?' Answer: 'If he is sold to another master, he cannot escape.' Question: 'If a Śrāmaṇera violates a prohibition and has been expelled by the Sangha, can he become a monk again after repenting?' Answer: 'If he has not abandoned the Śrāmaṇera vows, he is still a Śrāmaṇera. He can simply repent.' Question: 'If someone takes the five precepts (Pañca-śīla) from a Śrāmaṇera as a layperson, and then ordains and takes the full monastic vows, can he still call the original teacher, who is still a Śrāmaṇera, 'teacher'?' Answer: 'He can call him 'teacher,' but should not bow to him; the Śrāmaṇera should bow to him. The same applies if a layperson takes the five precepts (Pañca-śīla) from a Bhikkhunī (nun) and then ordains.' Question: 'The sin of a Bhikkhu (monk) who is greedy for possessions is very serious. In the past, there was a Bhikkhu who was attached to a copper gong, and after death, he became a Preta (hungry ghost). After the Sangha finished distributing the possessions, he appeared in a form that was huge and dark, like a pure black cloud. The Bhikkhus were astonished and asked, 'What is this?' Among them, one who had attained enlightenment said, 'This is the dead Bhikkhu who fell into the Preta realm because of his attachment to the gong, and now he has come to claim it because he is still attached to it.' The Bhikkhus then returned the gong to him. After receiving it, he licked it with his tongue, placed it on the ground, and left.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
。诸比丘还取之，而绝臭不可近。复使人更铸作器，犹臭不可用。以此验之，知贪为大患。比丘贪着衣服，乃有自焚之酷。昔有一比丘喜作衣，昼夜染着。得病困笃，自知当死，便举头视衣，内起毒想言：‘我死后，谁敢着我此服者。’不久便命终，作化生蛇，还来缠衣。众与死比丘出烧葬讫，遣人往取衣物。见蛇缠衣，近胭吐毒，不敢近。即还白众，具说所见。诸比丘便共往看之，都无敢近者。有一比丘得道，便入四等观，四等观毒不中，便往近之，语言：‘此本是汝衣。今非汝有，何以护之？’便即舍去不远入一草，毒火出然草，还自烧身命终，即入地狱。地狱一日之中三过被烧，皆由贪害。” 岁坐竟忏悔文 若僧听！多萨阿竭所受岁坐，比丘应尔。我从岁始至今岁竟，六月中多所违失。违失者戒事，除二鼻贰事，余不除。是世尊集和僧所教敕，今我是思念，共诸君发露陈说所违失事，君各忍受。我若九十日无世尊定，无世尊智，无世尊戒故，多犯。无世尊智、无世尊戒故，犯。无世尊戒故，犯。无世尊智故，多失教事。无世尊定故，多犯乱意，或念欲法不行欲事、或念盗法不行盗事、或念杀法不行杀事、或念欺法不行欺事、或念僧伽婆尸沙法不行僧伽婆尸沙事。此九十日中所犯事，通威仪。 现代汉语译本： ‘诸位比丘，即使拿走这些衣服，它们也散发着令人无法靠近的恶臭。即使重新铸造器物，仍然臭不可用。由此可以验证，贪婪是巨大的祸患。比丘如果贪恋执着于衣服，甚至会遭受自焚的酷刑。’ 过去有一位比丘喜欢制作衣服，日夜不停地染色缝制。后来他得了重病，自知将要死去，便抬起头看着自己的衣服，内心生起恶毒的想法，说道：‘我死后，谁敢穿我的这些衣服？’不久之后，他就去世了，转生成一条毒蛇，回来缠绕着他的衣服。大家将死去的比丘火化埋葬后，派人去取他的遗物。那人看见毒蛇缠绕着衣服，靠近时毒蛇就吐毒，令人不敢靠近。于是他回去禀告大家，详细地说了他所见到的情景。众位比丘一起去看，但都没有人敢靠近。有一位已经得道的比丘，便进入四等观（慈、悲、喜、舍四种禅定），因为四等观能克制毒害，所以他便走近毒蛇，对它说：‘这本来是你的衣服，但现在已经不属于你了，你为什么要守护它呢？’毒蛇立刻舍弃衣服，跑到不远处的草丛中，毒火从它身上冒出，点燃了草丛，最终烧死了自己，随即堕入地狱。在地狱里，它一天之中要被焚烧三次，这都是由于贪婪所造成的祸害。 岁坐竟忏悔文 如果僧团允许，多萨阿竭（Tathagata，如来）所接受的岁坐（雨季安居），比丘也应该如此。我从岁首到岁末，六个月中有很多违犯之处。违犯的是戒律之事，除了二鼻贰事（具体含义不明），其余的都不免。这是世尊集和僧团所教导的，现在我思念着，和各位一起发露陈说所违犯的事情，请各位宽容接受。我如果在九十天中，因为没有世尊的定力，没有世尊的智慧，没有世尊的戒律，所以多次犯错。因为没有世尊的智慧、没有世尊的戒律，所以犯错。因为没有世尊的戒律，所以犯错。因为没有世尊的智慧，所以多次失误教导之事。因为没有世尊的定力，所以多次犯下心意散乱的过错，或者生起贪欲之念却未行贪欲之事，或者生起盗窃之念却未行盗窃之事，或者生起杀害之念却未行杀害之事，或者生起欺骗之念却未行欺骗之事，或者生起僧伽婆尸沙法（僧残罪）之念却未行僧伽婆尸沙之事。这九十天中所犯下的事情，都包括在威仪之中。
English
English version: ‘Monks, even if you take them, they emit an unbearable stench. Even if you recast them, they are still too foul to use. This proves that greed is a great affliction.’ Once, there was a monk who loved making robes, dyeing and sewing them day and night. Later, he fell seriously ill, knowing he was about to die. He raised his head to look at his robes, and a venomous thought arose in his mind: ‘After I die, who would dare to wear these robes of mine?’ Soon after, he passed away and was reborn as a venomous snake, returning to coil around his robes. After the community cremated and buried the deceased monk, they sent someone to retrieve his belongings. The person saw the snake coiled around the robes, and when he approached, the snake spat venom, making him afraid to come near. So he returned and reported to the community, detailing what he had seen. The monks went together to look, but none dared to approach. A monk who had attained enlightenment entered the Four Immeasurables (loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity). Because the Four Immeasurables can counteract poison, he approached the snake and said to it: ‘These were originally your robes, but now they no longer belong to you. Why are you guarding them?’ The snake immediately abandoned the robes and fled to a nearby patch of grass. Poisonous fire erupted from its body, igniting the grass and ultimately burning itself to death, whereupon it fell into hell. In hell, it was burned three times in a single day, all due to the affliction of greed. Confession Text for the End of the Rainy Season Retreat If the Sangha permits, the Rainy Season Retreat (Vassa) accepted by the Tathagata (Thus Come One), monks should do likewise. From the beginning of the Rainy Season to its end, I have had many transgressions during these six months. The transgressions are related to matters of precepts, except for the two *nāsikā* matters (meaning unclear), the rest are not exempt. This is what the World Honored One (Bhagavan) taught to the assembled Sangha. Now, I reflect upon this, and together with you, I confess and declare the transgressions I have committed, and I ask for your forbearance. If, during these ninety days, because I lacked the concentration of the World Honored One, lacked the wisdom of the World Honored One, lacked the precepts of the World Honored One, I have repeatedly erred. Because I lacked the wisdom of the World Honored One, lacked the precepts of the World Honored One, I have erred. Because I lacked the precepts of the World Honored One, I have erred. Because I lacked the wisdom of the World Honored One, I have repeatedly failed in matters of teaching. Because I lacked the concentration of the World Honored One, I have repeatedly committed the fault of a distracted mind, or I have had thoughts of lust but did not commit lustful acts, or I have had thoughts of theft but did not commit theft, or I have had thoughts of killing but did not commit killing, or I have had thoughts of deception but did not commit deception, or I have had thoughts of Sanghavasesa (formal meeting of the Sangha) but did not commit Sanghavasesa. The transgressions committed during these ninety days are all included in the rules of conduct. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
问：“白衣欲出家，比丘即受。更为请师不？故是师非？”答：“非师。若从受法者可为师，若依随者可为依止师。” 问：“若有比丘，不舍作沙弥戒，即大道人而更受戒。为僧不？”答：“得。” 问：“若不得戒，前所受戒故在不？”答：“在。”问：“复师是非？”答：“非。” 问：“多人受戒，而并请一人为师。可得十人五人一时受不？”答：“无此理。” 问：“沙弥受大戒，请一比丘为大戒师。而此比丘不知羯磨及受戒法受，转请一人与受。以何者为师？”答：“与戒者为师，是无法非师。授五戒比丘，唯得授婆罗门。于余者尼授，比丘不得问中间事。问者，犯僧残。” 问：“一切所有，王者不全施，得不？”答：“王者不嫌，便得。” 问：“见人行欲不呵，犯事不？”答：“前人可谏，不谏犯舍堕。若不可谏，向一比丘好发露。” 问：“比丘先犯事，更受戒，得共住不？”答：“犯重，不得更受戒。决断讲过，得。更作不悔，亦不得，况得共住！” 问：“有急事比丘持弓箭上船，可随去不？”答：“主犯重，寄载犯舍堕。” 问：“比丘官逼作非法，犯何事？”答：“不得作。” 问：“二男共戏便止，犯何事？”答 现代汉语译本 问：‘一个在家居士想要出家，比丘就接受了他。还需要另外请一位师父吗？之前的师父还算数吗？’答：‘不算师父。如果从他那里接受佛法，可以作为师父；如果只是依随他，可以作为依止师。’ 问：‘如果有个比丘，没有舍弃沙弥戒，就以“大道人”的身份再次受戒，这样算是僧人吗？’答：‘算。’ 问：‘如果（第二次）没有得到戒，之前所受的戒还算数吗？’答：‘算数。’问：‘那之前的师父还算数吗？’答：‘不算数。’ 问：‘很多人一起受戒，却只请一个人作为师父。可以十个人或五个人同时受戒吗？’答：‘没有这个道理。’ 问：‘沙弥受大戒（比丘戒），请一位比丘作为大戒师。而这位比丘不懂羯磨（karma，佛教仪式）以及受戒的仪轨，转而请另一个人来主持受戒。以哪一位作为师父？’答：‘主持受戒的人是师父，那位不懂仪轨的不是师父。传授五戒的比丘，只能传授给婆罗门（Brahman）。对于其他人，由尼（尼姑）传授。比丘不得询问中间的事情。询问者，犯僧残（Sanghavasesa，仅次于波罗夷的重罪）。’ 问：‘对于一切所有的东西，国王不完全布施，可以吗？’答：‘国王不吝惜，就可以。’ 问：‘看见别人行淫而不制止，犯戒吗？’答：‘如果那人可以劝谏，不劝谏就犯舍堕（Nissaggiya Pacittiya，一种戒律）。如果不可劝谏，就向一位比丘好好忏悔。’ 问：‘比丘先犯了事，之后又受戒，可以一起居住吗？’答：‘如果犯了重罪（波罗夷），就不能再受戒。如果只是决断讲过，可以。如果做了不忏悔的事情，也不可以，更何况一起居住！’ 问：‘有紧急的事情，比丘拿着弓箭上船，可以跟随去吗？’答：‘船主犯重罪（波罗夷），寄载的人犯舍堕（Nissaggiya Pacittiya）。’ 问：‘比丘被官府强迫做非法的事情，犯什么戒？’答：‘不得做。’ 问：‘两个男子一起嬉戏然后停止，犯什么戒？’答