English
tsam ze. puruṣa matraṃ bṛkṣa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: पुरुषमात्रं वृक्ष, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: puruṣamātraṃ vṛkṣa, literal meaning: tree equal to a man). skyes bu dang mnyam pa'i shing. A tree as tall as a man. shiroda ya saṃ daṇḍa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: शिरोदयासं दण्ड, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: śirodayasaṃ daṇḍa, literal meaning: head-born staff). mgo bo'i tshad mnyam dbyug pa. A stick as tall as the head. ki ma la ḍa ta ra dang. ḍa ta ma sbyar na. ṭa 'gro bas ṭi phyi. If ki ma la ḍa ta ra and ḍa ta ma are connected, since ṭa runs, ṭi is removed. ka ta ra. (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतर, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katara, literal meaning: which). su zhig Which? ka ta ma. (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतम, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katama, literal meaning: which). su zhig ste 'di gnyis sam mang po las gcig dgar ba'i don du bshad de. Which, that is, it is explained as meaning to distinguish one from these two or many. ka ta ro bha ba toḥ ka ṇaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतरौ भवतोः कणः, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katarau bhavatoḥ kaṇaḥ, literal meaning: which of you is a particle). khyed dag las ka ṇa su zhig Which of you is a particle? ka ta mo bha ba taṃ tantrikaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतमो भवतां तान्त्रिकः, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katamo bhavatāṃ tāntrikaḥ, literal meaning: which of you is a tantric). khyod rnams las sngags mkhan su yin lta bu zhes bshad. It is said like saying who among you is a tantric. bgrang bya'i khyad par la ti yaḥ sogs rkyen so so 'jug ste. For the difference of countable things, suffixes such as tīyaḥ are used separately. gnyis dang gsum la. For two and three, dvi tīyaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: द्वितीय, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: dvitīya, literal meaning: second). gnyis pa. Second. tṛ tīyaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: तृतीय, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: tṛtīya, literal meaning: third). gsum pa ste i ri byas pa'o. Third, that is, i ri is done. de dag bud med la 'jug na ap sbyar bas. If these are used for women, then add ap. dvi tīyā. (Sanskrit Devanagari: द्वितीया, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: dvitīyā, literal meaning: second). gnyis ma sogs so. Second woman etc. bzhi drug la tha ste. For four and six, it is tha. ṣa ṣṭhaḥ ca durtha. (Sanskrit Devanagari: षष्ठः चदुर्थ, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: ṣaṣṭhaḥ cadurtha, literal meaning: sixth, fourth). zhes drug pa bzhi pa zhes thams cad du de bzhin no. Saying sixth, fourth, it is the same in all places. lnga bdun brgyad dgu bcu lam ste. Five, seven, eight, nine, ten are lam. ming mtha'i na phyi ma sbyar bas. Removing the na at the end of the word, add ma. pañca maḥ sogs so. Fifth etc. bcu gcig la sogs pa'i don la ṭa ste ṭa 'gro bas ṭi dbyi drangs. For the meaning of eleven etc., it is ṭa, since ṭa runs, ṭi is removed. e ka daśaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: एकादश, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: ekādaśa, literal meaning: eleven). bcu gcig pa sogs bcu dgu'i bar du 'dra'o. Eleventh etc., it is the same until the nineteenth. nyi shu sogs la yang na ḍa ti dang ta ma ṭa'o. For twenty etc., it is either ḍa ti or ta ma ṭa. ḍa phyes. ṭi dbyi. Remove ḍa, remove ṭi. viṃ śa tiḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: विंशति, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: viṃśati, literal meaning: twenty). nyi shu tham pa. Exactly twenty. yang na de la ta ma sbyar bas. Or adding ta ma to that, viṃ śa ti ta maḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: विंशतितम, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: viṃśatitama, literal meaning: twentieth). nyi shu kho na'am tham pa. Only twenty or exactly twenty. yang na ḍa byin. ṭi dbyi. Or giving ḍa, remove ṭi. viṃ śaḥ Thirty is also like twenty. brgya stong sogs la rtag tu ta ma'o. For hundred, thousand etc., it is always ta ma. śa ta ta maḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: शततम, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: śatatama, literal meaning: hundredth). brgya tham pa sogs. Exactly one hundred etc. grangs kyi rnam pa la dhā ste. For the form of numbers, it is dhā. dvi dhā. (Sanskrit Devanagari: द्विधा, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: dvidhā, literal meaning: twofold). gnyis kyi rnam pa. Two forms. tri dhā. (Sanskrit Devanagari: त्रिधा, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: tridhā, literal meaning: threefold). gsum gyi rnam pa. Three forms. ca turdhā. (Sanskrit Devanagari: चतुर्धा, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: caturdhā, literal meaning: fourfold). bzhi yi rnam pa sogs so. Four forms etc. bya ba'i las yang bskyar la. For the repetition of actions, kṛ tas. (Sanskrit Devanagari: कृतस्, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: kṛtas, literal meaning: done). pañca kṛitvaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: पञ्चकृत्वः, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: pañcakṛtvaḥ, literal meaning: five times). lan lnga rnams. Five times. ṣaṭ kṛitvaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: षट्कृत्वः, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: ṣaṭkṛtvaḥ, literal meaning: six times). lan drug sogs. Six times etc. de bzhin gzhan yang. Similarly, also. dvi dang tri la su byin u phyi sar rnam bcad ukta dang sbyar bas. For two and three, giving su, removing u, connecting with rnam bcad ukta, dvi ruktaṃ. (Sanskrit Devanagari: द्विरुक्तं, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: dviruktaṃ, literal meaning: repeated twice). lan gnyis brjod. Repeat twice. tri ruktaṃ. (Sanskrit Devanagari: त्रिरुक्तं, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: triruktaṃ, literal meaning: repeated thrice). lan gsum brjod. Repeat three times. dviḥ ba thi taṃ. Read twice. tri kpa thi taṃ. Read three times. lan mang po zhes par ba hu la śas byin pas. For the word "many times", giving ba hu la śas, ba hu śaḥ rang bzhin gyi don lam ya ṭa rkyen te ṭa phyi ma ning ltar bsgrub pas. For the meaning of nature, it is the suffix ya ṭa, removing ṭa, accomplishing like a neuter. anna ma yaṃ. (Sanskrit Devanagari: अन्नमय, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: annamayaṃ, literal meaning: made of food). zan gyi rang bzhin sogs so. The nature of food etc. rkyen tha byin pas. Giving the suffix tha, ka ti thaḥ dang. (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतिथ, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katitha, literal meaning: how many). ka ti pa ya thaḥ (Sanskrit Devanagari: कतिपयथ, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: katipayatha, literal meaning: how many). ji tsam byung. How much happened. de phan gyi rkyen ka ṭa cac byin ca dbyi ba. Giving the subsequent suffix ka ṭa cac, removing ca, utka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: उत्कट, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: utkaṭa, literal meaning: prominent). gtsigs pa. Important. saṃ ka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: संकट, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: saṃkaṭa, literal meaning: narrow). khang pa sogs dog po. Narrow houses etc. pra ka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: प्रकट, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: prakaṭa, literal meaning: manifest). gsal ba'am rab gsal. Obvious or very obvious. ni ka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: निकट, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: nikaṭa, literal meaning: near). nye ba sogs. Near etc. bi ka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: विकट, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: vikaṭa, literal meaning: unusual). mdzhes pa rgya che 'jigs rung rnams la 'jug Used for beautiful, vast, terrible etc. a ba ku ṭā ra. dang. a ba ka ṭa. (Sanskrit Devanagari: अवकुटार, Sanskrit Roman transliteration: avakuṭāra, literal meaning: inferior). dma' ba'am dman pa' Low or inferior.
Chinese
另外，由于条件的作用，变成了具有卡（ཀ）所有格意义的词，如：萨达卡（ས་དྷ་ཀཿ），修行者；达拉卡（ཏཱ་ར་ཀཿ），救度者等。毗婆沙师（བཻ་བྷཱ་ཥི་ཀཿ），分别说部；经量部（སཽ་ཏྲཱནྟི་ཀཿ），；中观派（མཱ་དྷྱཱ་མི་ཀཿ）等也是如此。达（ཌཱ་）等，在给予的词根上加上达（ཌ）作为后缀，与“给予”的“达（ད་）”字结合，则：郭达（གོ་དཿ），给予牛；达那达（དྷ་ན་དཿ），给予财富；瓦拉达（བ་ར་དཿ），给予殊胜，即“达（ད་）”字变成了给予的意思。同样，德威帕（དྭི་པཿ），二饮；帕达帕（པཱ་ད་པཿ），足饮等。 以及那伽（ན་ག་）和阿嘎（ཨ་ག），不行；萨瓦嘎（སརྦ་གཿ），普行等，要知道有很多像这样的词。贬义词“库（ཀུ་）”转变为“卡（ཀཱ）”表示低劣或微小的意思，如：卡普鲁沙（ཀཱ་པུ་རུ་ཥཿ），小男人等。连带的词用“哈（ཧ）”转变为“萨（ས་）”，例如：萨哈普特拉（ས་ཧ་པུ་ཏྲ་）和萨普特拉（ས་པུ་ཏྲ），与儿子一起等，有各种各样的转变形式，通常会加上सुप्（sup，梵文词尾），但由于格的意义的词尾已经构成，所以सुप्（sup）会消失等，应按照论典来理解。不仅如此，通过词缀构成的，字母转变的特殊情况，如普利舍达拉（པྲྀ་ཥོ་ད་ར་）等，这些被称为词组的类别是：普利舍（པྲྀ་ཥ）杜达拉玛斯亚（དུ་ད་ར་མ་སྱ），意为“此人的肚子是花的”，缩略形式。从词缀中去掉普利沙德（པྲྀ་ཥད྄་）的“塔（ཏ）”，与乌达拉（ཨུ་ད་ར་）结合，加上第一格词尾，得到普利舍达拉姆（པྲྀ་ཥོ་ད་རཾ），意思是“肚子是花的”。普利沙特（པྲི་ཥཏ྄་）这个词也指一种身上有斑点的鹿。普利舍（པྲྀ་ཥ）杜德瓦纳玛斯亚（དུ་དྭཱ་ན་མ་སྱ），意为“此人的坐骑是花鹿”，缩略后为普利舍德瓦南（པྲྀ་ཥོ་དྭཱ་ནཾ），花鹿坐骑。瓦日瓦哈卡（བཱ་རི་བཱ་ཧ་ཀཿ），水的坐骑，即云。将瓦日（བཱ་རི）的“日（རི）”转变为“如（རུ）”，去掉瓦哈卡（བཱ་ཧ་ཀ）的“瓦（བ）”后结合，得到瓦拉哈卡（བ་ལཱ་ཧ་ཀཿ），指马的名字，意思是像云一样，也可以转变为有云的力量。吉瓦纳斯亚姆托阿内纳（ཛཱི་བ་ན་སྱ་མཱུ་ཏོ་྅་ནེ་ན），这个词与其他词组合，意思是“这束缚了土地和水”，去掉吉瓦纳（ཛཱི་བ་ན）的“纳（ན་）”，得到吉姆塔（ཛཱི་མཱུ་ཏཿ），是云的名字。夏瓦南夏亚纳（ཤ་བཱ་ནཾ་ཤ་ཡ་ན），意思是“尸体的住所”，缩略形式。夏瓦南（ཤཱ་བ་ནཾ）转变为施玛如（ཤྨ་རུ་），夏亚纳（ཤ་ཡ་ན་）转变为纳纳如（ནཱ་ན་རུ་），得到施玛夏南（ཤྨ་ཤཱ་ནཾ），意思是坟墓。维西塔玛夏（བི་ཤི་ཏ་མཱ་ཤཿ），其中的维西塔（བི་ཤི་ཏ་）转变为皮（པི་），阿夏（ཨ་ཤ་）转变为夏擦（ཤ་ཙ），得到皮夏擦（པི་ཤཱ་ཙཿ），食肉者。乌尔当卡斯亚（ཨུརྡྡཾ་ཁ་སྱ），这个的孔是
English
Furthermore, due to the influence of conditions, it becomes a word with the meaning of the possessive particle 'ka' (ཀ), such as: Sādhaka (ས་དྷ་ཀཿ), practitioner; Tāraka (ཏཱ་ར་ཀཿ), liberator, etc. Vaibhāṣika (བཻ་བྷཱ་ཥི་ཀཿ), the Vaibhāṣika school; Sautrāntika (སཽ་ཏྲཱནྟི་ཀཿ), the Sautrāntika school; Mādhyāmika (མཱ་དྷྱཱ་མི་ཀཿ), the Madhyamaka school, and so on. Ḍa, etc., by adding Ḍa as a suffix to the root of giving, and combining it with the word 'da' (ད་) meaning 'to give', then: Go-da (གོ་དཿ), giver of cows; Dhana-da (དྷ་ན་དཿ), giver of wealth; Vara-da (བ་ར་དཿ), giver of the supreme, that is, the letter 'da' (ད་) becomes the meaning of giving. Similarly, Dvi-pa (དྭི་པཿ), two-drinker; Pāda-pa (པཱ་ད་པཿ), foot-drinker, and so on. And Nāga (ན་ག་) and A-ga (ཨ་ག), non-goer; Sarva-ga (སརྦ་གཿ), all-goer, etc. Know that there are many words of this kind. The derogatory word 'ku' (ཀུ་) is transformed into 'kā' (ཀཱ) to mean inferior or small, such as: Kā-puruṣa (ཀཱ་པུ་རུ་ཥཿ), small man, etc. The accompanying word is transformed into 'sa' (ས་) by 'ha' (ཧ), for example: Saha-putra (ས་ཧ་པུ་ཏྲ་) and Sa-putra (ས་པུ་ཏྲ), with son, etc. There are various forms of transformation, and generally sup (सुप्, Sanskrit case endings) is added, but since the case ending has already been formed, the sup (सुप्) disappears, etc., which should be understood according to the treatise. Moreover, the special cases of letter transformation formed by suffixes, such as Pṛṣodara (པྲྀ་ཥོ་ད་ར་), etc., these are known as categories of phrases: Pṛṣa-da-udara-masya (པྲྀ་ཥ་དུ་ད་ར་མ་སྱ), meaning "this person's belly is spotted," abbreviated. From the suffix, remove the 'ta' (ཏ) of Pṛṣad (པྲྀ་ཥད྄་), combine it with Udara (ཨུ་ད་ར་), and add the first case ending, to get Pṛṣodaraṃ (པྲྀ་ཥོ་ད་རཾ), meaning "belly is spotted." The word Pṛṣat (པྲི་ཥཏ྄་) also refers to a type of deer with spots. Pṛṣa-du-dvāna-masya (པྲྀ་ཥ་དུ་དྭཱ་ན་མ་སྱ), meaning "this person's mount is a spotted deer," abbreviated to Pṛṣodvānaṃ (པྲྀ་ཥོ་དྭཱ་ནཾ), spotted deer mount. Vāri-vāhakaḥ (བཱ་རི་བཱ་ཧ་ཀཿ), water carrier, i.e., cloud. Transform the 'ri' (རི) of Vāri (བཱ་རི) into 'ru' (རུ), remove the 'va' (བ) of Vāhaka (བཱ་ཧ་ཀ), and combine them to get Valāhakaḥ (བ་ལཱ་ཧ་ཀཿ), which refers to the name of a horse, meaning like a cloud, and can also be transformed into having the power of a cloud. Jīvanasya-mūto-'nena (ཛཱི་བ་ན་སྱ་མཱུ་ཏོ་྅་ནེ་ན), this word is combined with other words, meaning "this binds the earth and water," remove the 'na' (ན་) of Jīvana (ཛཱི་བ་ན), to get Jīmūtaḥ (ཛཱི་མཱུ་ཏཿ), which is the name of a cloud. Śavānaṃ-śayana (ཤ་བཱ་ནཾ་ཤ་ཡ་ན), meaning "the abode of corpses," abbreviated. Śavānaṃ (ཤཱ་བ་ནཾ) is transformed into Śmāru (ཤྨ་རུ་), Śayana (ཤ་ཡ་ན་) is transformed into Nānāru (ནཱ་ན་རུ་), to get Śmāśānaṃ (ཤྨ་ཤཱ་ནཾ), meaning graveyard. Viśita-māśaḥ (བི་ཤི་ཏ་མཱ་ཤཿ), in which Viśita (བི་ཤི་ཏ་) is transformed into Pi (པི་), Āśa (ཨ་ཤ་) is transformed into Śaca (ཤ་ཙ), to get Piśācaḥ (པི་ཤཱ་ཙཿ), flesh-eater. Ūrdhvaṃ-khasya (ཨུརྡྡཾ་ཁ་སྱ), this one's hole is