English
The circumference is: The circumference is equivalent to one hundred and twenty-five thousand 'degrees' multiplied by three, resulting in three hundred and seventy-five thousand 'degrees'. Second, the height is: When the sun's hemisphere travels north to the extreme point of its own continent, its height in the sky is from the center of the earth to a height of eighty-six thousand 'degrees', and it touches the top of Mount Sumeru. Then, when the sun's hemisphere travels to the southern extreme point, which is eleven thousand 'degrees' lower than that height, its height in the sky is from the center of the earth to a height of seventy-five thousand 'degrees', and it touches the flames of the Horsehead Star. Between these two north and south extreme points, measuring the center five thousand five hundred 'degrees' above and below, which is the path of the equinox, the sun travels in the sky at a height of eighty-five thousand 'degrees' from the center of the earth. Here, the scripture says, 'Above are six and the number of dragons, also half of the sun's rays.' Therefore, what is said is the extent to which the sun's rays travel up and down, not the actual disc. If the sun has such a height difference in summer and winter, then summer should be cool and winter should be warm, but this is not the case, which contradicts what we see. Answer: There is no error. Although the sun is high in summer, the sun's disc will reach the latter half of the island, so the left and right rays will cover more than twenty-five thousand islands, so it is warm. No matter how low the sun becomes in winter, the rays will reach the outer edge of the ocean, so when it reaches the southern extreme point, there will be a distance of about thirty-seven thousand five hundred 'degrees' between the inner edge of the rays and the outer edge of the island, so it is cold. How much does the sun move up and down and north and south each day? One hundred and eighty-two and a half days are the number of days for each north-south movement of the sun. Therefore, each day, the sun will move up or down from the center of the earth, and move south or north from the latter half of the island to three-quarters of the ocean. Therefore, in order to add the 'half', divide one hundred and eighty-two into two parts, resulting in three hundred and five, which is the divisor. Using this divisor, according to the ratio, multiply the height difference of eleven thousand by two, resulting in twenty-two thousand.
Chinese
将其除以来源所获得的财富，结果是六十由旬一俱卢舍，一百九十一弓箭，三肘，两指多一点，这是一天之内太阳连同其光束上下移动的距离。此外，用该天太阳的圆盘南北移动的距离五万相似乘以二，得到十万，再除以来源，结果是二百二十三由旬，三俱卢舍，一千七百八十弓箭，三肘，六指多一点，这是一天之内太阳圆盘南北移动的距离。如果想知道太阳光束南北移动的距离，则应将除数乘以七万五千零二，再用被除数去除。第三，太阳风速的快慢差异是，太阳所依赖的基础星宿宫位每天向右旋转的时间，每个宫位是五小时，总共是六十小时。这样，每个小时的时间有六千二百五十由旬。因此，用一天的六十小时乘以它，太阳圆形轨道的长度是三十七万五千由旬。因此，太阳每小时以风速向右旋转六千二百五十由旬，非常快。如《涅槃经》中所说：四个人同时向四个方向射箭，如果能抓住这四支箭而不让它们落地，那是非常快的。但比这更快的是在地上行走的饿鬼，比这更快的是在空中行走的饿鬼，比这更快的是四大天王，比这更快的是日月。第三是逆转的因缘。轨道南北等是太阳光束的距离，这在前面已经说过了。这样，在两次运行的尽头，由于光束接触到北方须弥山的角，所以发生夏至。从该地段数起的第七个地段的正上方，由于光束接触到南方马头的火，所以被拉回来，因此发生冬至。如《大疏》中所说：这里须弥山方向的所有部分都……
English
Dividing it by the source, the wealth obtained is sixty yojanas and one krosha, one hundred and ninety-one bows, three cubits, and a little more than two fingers, which is the distance the sun, along with its rays, moves up and down in one day. Furthermore, multiplying the distance the sun's disc moves north and south in that day, which is fifty thousand similar, by two, we get one hundred thousand. Dividing this by the source, the result is two hundred and twenty-three yojanas, three kroshas, one thousand seven hundred and eighty bows, three cubits, and a little more than six fingers, which is the distance the sun's disc travels north and south in one day. If one wants to know the distance the sun's rays travel north and south, one should multiply the divisor by seventy-five thousand and two, and then divide by the dividend. Third, the difference in the speed of the solar wind is that the base constellations on which the sun depends rotate clockwise every day, with each constellation lasting five hours, totaling sixty hours. Each such hour lasts six thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas. Therefore, multiplying this by the sixty hours of a day, the length of the sun's circular orbit is three hundred and seventy-five thousand yojanas. Thus, the sun can travel six thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas clockwise at wind speed per hour, which is very fast. As stated in the Nirvana Sutra: If four people shoot arrows in four directions at the same time, and if they can catch all four arrows without letting them fall to the ground, that is very fast. But faster than that are the hungry ghosts walking on the ground, faster than that are the hungry ghosts walking in the sky, faster than that are the Four Great Kings, and faster than that are the sun and moon. Third is the cause of reversal. The orbit north and south, etc., is the distance of the sun's rays, which has been said before. Thus, at the end of the two journeys, summer solstice occurs because the rays touch the horn of Mount Sumeru in the north. From the seventh segment counted from that segment, directly above that area, winter solstice occurs because the rays touch the fire of the horse's head in the south, causing it to be pulled back. As stated in the Great Commentary: Here, all parts of the Sumeru direction are...
Chinese
由于星宫的轮转之力，凡是触及火焰者，当获得第七方位时，便触及须弥山的顶峰，并在雪山之上行走。以这样的道理，太阳处于各个星宫的时间集合等一切都应知晓。如是说。第四部分分为二：确定方位和阐述日出日落的实际情况。第一，如“自方南”等所说。经中说：山王（须弥山）乃一切众生之正北方，太阳东升亦在东方，与山同行，日落亦在西方。第二，如“此洲”等所说。《俱舍论》中说：半夜与太阳等相符，粗略的形态已如前述。对此，有些人说昼夜产生的原因是须弥山遮蔽与未遮蔽的差别。如果是这样，那么在此洲北行至极点的半夜时，除了南赡部洲等三个洲之外，太阳应遍及剩余的九个洲。因为须弥山的遮蔽而产生夜晚，那时九个洲无法被须弥山遮蔽，因为那时太阳非常靠近不悦耳洲正对面的火山，所以须弥山的阴影必须很小。不能接受根本的观点，因为与三百万由旬相矛盾。又有些人说，因为轮廓远离而不可见时为日落，出现时则为日出。如果是这样，那么日落时轮廓应该越来越小等，但因为没有看到那样的情况，所以不合理。因此，如之前在量度时所说的，当所见的天空呈现圆形时，当太阳进入其中时，便在各自的区域出现，当太阳出来时，便会落下。然而，在《律藏》中说：“从黎明到阴影的尽头。”因此，从天亮到太阳升起之间，以及从太阳落下到黄昏之间，都应包括在所见的天空范围内，因为太阳的作用在显现方面占很大比例。因此，经释中说昼夜所覆盖的范围为三百万由旬，也是因为夜晚被黑暗覆盖，白天被光明覆盖。
English
Due to the power of the revolving constellations, whatever touches the fire, when it obtains the seventh direction, it touches the summit of Mount Sumeru and walks upon the snowy mountains. With such reasoning, all collections of time when the sun is in each constellation should be known. Thus it is said. The fourth part is divided into two: determining the direction and explaining the actual situation of sunrise and sunset. First, as it says, "One's own continent, south," and so on. The sutra says: The king of mountains (Mount Sumeru) is to the very north of all beings, O lord of men. The sun rises in the east and travels together with the mountain, and it sets in the west. Second, as it says, "In this continent," and so on. The Abhidharmakosha says: Midnight is in accordance with the sun, etc., and the rough arrangement has already been explained. Regarding this, some say that the cause of the occurrence of day and night is the difference between being obscured and not obscured by Mount Sumeru. If that were the case, then at midnight when this continent reaches the northernmost point, the sun should cover the remaining nine continents except for the three continents of Jambudvipa, etc. Because night arises from the obscuration of Mount Sumeru, at that time the nine continents cannot be obscured by Mount Sumeru, because at that time the sun is very close to the fire mountain directly opposite the Unpleasant Sound Continent, so the shadow of Mount Sumeru must be small. The fundamental view cannot be accepted, because it contradicts the three million yojanas. Again, some say that when the mandala goes far away and becomes invisible, it is sunset, and when it appears, it becomes sunrise. If that were the case, then the mandala should become smaller and smaller at sunset, etc., but since that is not seen, it is unreasonable. Therefore, as explained earlier in the section on lines, when the visible sky appears round, when the sun enters it, it appears in its own area, and when the sun comes out, it sets. However, the Vinaya says: "From dawn to the end of the shadow." Therefore, the time from dawn to sunrise, and from sunset to dusk, should be included within the visible sky, because the sun's activity accounts for a large proportion of the appearance. Therefore, the sutra commentary says that the area covered by day and night is three million yojanas, also because the night is covered by darkness and the day is covered by light.
Chinese
不应认为这是为了让三个十万全部被阳光照耀。第三，关于地球上四季的循环方式，分为两个方面：正文和解释原因。首先，如果将太阳进入白羊宫的那个月本身视为四季，那么在南赡部洲中部是仲春，在北俱卢洲中部是仲秋，在东胜身洲中部是仲夏，在西牛贺洲中部是仲冬。同样，在南赡部洲西部是春季开始，东部是春季末。以此类推，从东胜身洲西部是夏季开始，东部是夏季末；北俱卢洲西部是秋季开始，东部是秋季末；西牛贺洲西部是冬季开始，东部是冬季末。同样，当太阳位于金牛宫时，西牛贺洲东部、南赡部洲西部和南赡部洲中部这三个地方是春季的初、中、末三个阶段。然后，按照逆时针方向，在三个洲为一组的三个组中，分别有夏季、秋季和冬季。正如《大疏》中所说：“在南方的这个部分，由于十二宫的影响而发生变化，无论哪个月发生变化，它都会以顺时针方向移动到另一个变化的真理缺失的一侧。”正如所说的那样，也应将其应用于其他宫，以了解变化的方式。同样，六个时节的变化方式是：当太阳位于白羊宫时，南赡部洲东部和中部是仲春。然后，按照逆时针方向，东胜身洲西部和中部是初夏。然后，依次在两个洲有夏季，两个洲有秋季，两个洲有初冬，两个洲有晚冬，也应将其应用于其他宫。此外，将与双鱼座相关的初、中等月份以及它们所在的宫位结合起来的方法是：如前所述，在第二章的年初，了解了如何将白羊宫与黑月和萨迦月结合起来的两种方法后，与白羊宫结合的月份在所有地区，上弦月时是黑月，下弦月时是萨迦月。因此，在上弦月之前，南赡部洲中部是仲春黑月，逆时针方向的南赡部洲东部是春末黑月等。此外，在下弦月之前，南赡部洲中部是春季