Chinese
是转变的品类。第一品中，有下裙和上衣两种。首先，关于下裙应学习的有七种：下裙不圆、不堆叠、不摇摆、似象鼻，堆叠、似谷壳、似蛇颈。这七种是：下裙的上边缘和下边缘，前后两面，没有高低而平整地分配成圆形；不到膝盖以上堆叠；不到脚踝以下摇摆；前面不像象鼻那样下垂；腰带上方不像贝多树的叶子那样堆叠；腰带中间不像谷物的谷壳那样向外鼓起；腰带上方不像蛇头的颈部那样高低不平。上衣有三种：不圆、不长短。上衣三种，总共是衣物的十种。也就是，法衣前后两面平等地分配成圆形，不到膝盖以上堆叠，不到膝盖以下摇摆，这三种加起来，衣物一类共有十种。第二是进入行住的二十种：不约束身语，没有好好地穿着上衣等；伴随着嘈杂的声音；眼睛向左右摇摆；眼睛看得比轭木还远；头部被衣服遮盖，衣服、下裙等露出下体；上衣向左肩倾斜；两手在前面交叉于颈部；两手在背后交叉于后颈；行走时跳跃；坐着时伸直单腿；抬起脚后跟用胸部行走；竖起脚后跟蹲着行走；伸直手臂肘部靠着腰行走；扭曲身体并转动；手臂快速挥动；转动头部；与他人并肩行走；与他人手牵手行走。这些是不应做的事情，是进入家宅的二十种行住。第三是坐在垫子上的品类有九种：未经告知就坐在此垫子上；未经观察就坐下；身体的重量下压，臀部撞击着坐下；伸直脚并交叉；交叉大腿并伸直；脚踝上堆叠脚踝而坐；在床下
English
These are the categories of transformation. In the first category, there are two types: the lower garment and the upper garment. First, there are seven things to learn about the lower garment: The lower garment should not be round, not piled up, not swaying, not like an elephant's trunk, piled up, like a husk, like a snake's neck. These seven are: the upper and lower edges of the lower garment, the front and back sides, evenly distributed in a circular manner without being high or low; not piled up above the knees; not swaying below the ankles; not hanging down in front like an elephant's trunk; not piled up above the belt like the leaves of a tala tree; not bulging outward from the middle of the belt like a grain husk; not sitting high and low above the belt like the neck of a snake's head. There are three types of upper garments: not round, not long or short. The three types of upper garments, totaling ten types of clothing. That is, the Dharma garment is equally distributed in a circular manner on both the front and back sides, not piled up above the knees, not swaying below the knees, these three added together, there are ten types in the clothing category. Second, there are twenty types of conduct when going out: not restraining body and speech, not properly wearing the upper garment, etc.; accompanied by noisy sounds; eyes wandering to the left and right; eyes looking farther than the yoke; the head covered by clothing, the clothing, lower garment, etc., exposing the lower body; the upper garment leaning to the left shoulder; the two hands crossed in front of the neck; the two hands crossed behind the back of the neck; jumping while walking; stretching out one leg while sitting; lifting the heels and walking with the chest; squatting and walking with the heels up; walking with the arms stretched out and leaning on the waist; twisting and turning the body; waving the arms quickly; turning the head; walking shoulder to shoulder with others; walking hand in hand with others. These are things that should not be done, the twenty types of conduct when entering a house. Third, there are nine categories of sitting on a cushion: sitting on this cushion without being told to sit; sitting down without examining it; pressing down the weight of the body, hitting the buttocks while sitting; stretching out the legs and crossing them; crossing the thighs and stretching them out; sitting with the ankles stacked on top of each other; under the throne
Chinese
弯曲腿，双腿交叉而坐，以及露出私处而坐，这些是应当避免的九种坐姿。第四，关于乞食的方面有八条：不应拿取超过钵口高度的食物，如米饭和蔬菜等，不应无选择地拿取，不应按顺序拿取而越过，拿取时斜眼看钵，钵中没有食物时假装接受，先前接受的食物藏起来再次接受，将钵放在其他食物或器具上。这些是应当避免的八种乞食行为。第五，关于吃饭的方面有二十一条：不应在非时食用，不应吃得太多，不应吃得太少，也不应吃得不适中，开始吃饭时张大嘴巴，嘴里塞满食物时说话，吃饭时发出啧啧、嚓嚓、呼呼、噗噗的声音，伸出舌头吃饭，将每粒米分开，挑剔食物的缺点，一口饭在两腮之间移动，咬断未吃完的食物，不舔上颚，舔手上的食物，用手指刮钵，甩手，摇晃钵，将食物堆成佛塔的形状，这二十一种行为在吃饭时应当避免。第六，关于使用钵的方面有十四条：不应嘲笑别人的钵，回头看手，不应用沾染食物的手触摸水器，不应向他人泼洒脏水，未经允许不应将沾染食物的水倒在居士坐的地方，不应将食物残渣留在钵中丢弃，不应将钵放在没有垫子的裸露地面、垃圾堆、斜坡和阶梯状的地方，不应在垃圾堆、悬崖和陡坡处洗钵，不应站着洗钵，不应逆着湍急的水流洗钵，这共有十四条。第七，关于说法的方面有二十六条：不应与坐着的人并行说法，不应为躺着的人坐着说法，不应自己坐在高座上为坐在低处的人说法，不应为坐着要走的人说法。
English
Bending the legs, sitting with legs crossed, and sitting exposing the private parts are the nine postures to be avoided. Fourth, there are eight aspects regarding begging for food: one should not take food higher than the mouth of the begging bowl, such as rice and vegetables, etc., one should not take indiscriminately, one should not take out of order by skipping over, one should take while glancing sideways at the begging bowl, one should pretend to accept when there is no food in the begging bowl, one should hide the food previously accepted and accept again, and one should place the begging bowl on other food or utensils. These are the eight begging behaviors to be avoided. Fifth, there are twenty-one aspects regarding eating: one should not eat at the wrong time, one should not eat too much, one should not eat too little, nor should one eat immoderately, one should not open the mouth wide when starting to eat, one should not speak with the mouth full, one should not make clicking, smacking, whooshing, or puffing sounds while eating, one should not stick out the tongue while eating, one should separate each grain of rice, one should criticize the faults of the food, one should move a mouthful of food between the cheeks, one should bite off unfinished food, one should not lick the palate, one should lick food from the hands, one should scrape the begging bowl with the fingers, one should shake the hands, one should shake the begging bowl, and one should pile food into the shape of a stupa. These twenty-one behaviors should be avoided while eating. Sixth, there are fourteen aspects regarding the use of the begging bowl: one should not mock another's begging bowl, one should look back at the hand, one should not touch the water vessel with hands soiled with food, one should not splash dirty water on others, one should not pour water soiled with food where a householder is sitting without permission, one should not leave food scraps in the begging bowl and discard it, one should not place the begging bowl on bare ground without a mat, on a garbage heap, on a slope, or on a terraced place, one should not wash the begging bowl in a garbage heap, on a cliff, or on a steep slope, one should not wash the begging bowl while standing, and one should not wash the begging bowl against a strong current of water. These are the fourteen aspects. Seventh, there are twenty-six aspects regarding teaching the Dharma: one should not teach the Dharma while walking alongside someone who is sitting, one should not teach the Dharma while sitting to someone who is lying down, one should not teach the Dharma while sitting on a high seat to someone sitting below, and one should not teach the Dharma to someone who is sitting and about to leave.
Chinese
不应说法。不应在人于大路边行走时，于路边行走而说法。不应在人蒙头、挽发髻、头发倾斜、双手在颈前交叉、从背后在后颈交叉、戴发髻即在头顶束发髻作发髻状、戴帽子、头上戴头饰、头上戴花环、头上缠头巾时说法。不应骑在大象上、骑在马上、坐在轿子上、坐在车辆上、穿鞋子时说法。不应在人手中拿着手杖、拿着伞、拿着剑、拿着战斧、拿着箭、穿着盔甲时说法，这是二十六种情况。第八，三种修行方式是：不应站立着大小便。不应在水中和草丛中大小便和吐痰。除非发生危害，否则不应攀爬高于自己的树木，这是一条。这些都是细微过失的性质，因此被称为“恶作”。通过这些，比丘的二百五十三条戒律已经很好地确定下来了。第七，比丘尼的戒律有：八条根本堕罪，二十条僧残，三十三条舍堕，一百八十条单堕，十二条向彼悔，一百一十二条恶作，总共三百六十四条。这只是一个简略的说明。详细内容可以从比丘尼的别解脱经中了解。第二，修行的学处完全修习的方式。如经中所说：布萨、安居、解制、衣之基，皮革、住所、医药等，于他处知。为了守护已获得的（戒律）而不失坏，简略地展示了修行的学处，有三种：修习一切学处的基础三种，安乐住的基础有三种，内含五种，以及普遍需要的事务之基础。第一种，布萨、安居、解制三种。第一种是：因为是修习对治学处，以及清净应断之罪恶，所以称为布萨。如律中所问：一切善法皆能如实修，一切罪恶皆能如实于此净。为修善及为净诸罪，如来
English
One should not teach the Dharma. One should not teach the Dharma while walking on the side of the road when people are walking on the side of the road. One should not teach the Dharma when people have their heads covered, hair braided, hair tilted, hands crossed in front of the neck, crossed behind the neck, wearing a doker (hair gathered at the crown of the head in a topknot), wearing a hat, wearing a diadem on the head, wearing a garland of flowers on the head, or wearing a turban on the head. One should not teach the Dharma while riding an elephant, riding a horse, sitting on a palanquin, sitting in a vehicle, or wearing shoes. One should not teach the Dharma when people are holding a staff, holding an umbrella, holding a sword, holding a battle-ax, holding an arrow, or wearing armor. These are twenty-six situations. Eighth, the three ways of practicing are: one should not stand and urinate or defecate. One should not urinate, defecate, or spit in water or in grass. Unless there is harm, one should not climb a tree higher than oneself. This is one rule. These are all minor offenses, therefore they are called "misdeeds." Through these, the 253 precepts of a bhikshu have been well established. Seventh, the precepts of a bhikshuni are: eight root defeats, twenty sanghavaseshas, thirty-three nissaggiya pacittiyas, one hundred and eighty pacittiyas, twelve patidesaniyas, and one hundred and twelve siksamana, totaling 364. This is just a brief explanation. Details can be understood from the Bhikshuni Pratimoksha. Second, the way to fully train in the precepts of practice. As it is said in the sutra: "Posadha, rains retreat, pravāraṇā, the basis of robes, leather, dwellings, medicine, etc., are known elsewhere." In order to protect what has been obtained (the precepts) without losing them, the precepts of practice are briefly shown, there are three: the three bases for training in all the precepts, the three bases for dwelling in comfort, containing five categories, and the basis of activities that are universally needed. The first, the three of posadha, rains retreat, and pravāraṇā. The first is: because it is the practice of cultivating the antidote precepts and purifying the sins to be abandoned, it is called posadha. As asked in the Vinaya: "All virtues are truly cultivated, all sins are truly purified here. For cultivating virtue and for purifying all sins, the Tathagata
Chinese
被称为修持。它分为七种：止观的布萨、随顺的布萨、十四日的布萨、十五日的布萨、遣除损害的布萨、遣除诤讼的布萨、吉祥的布萨。如果归纳起来，可以归纳为止观和随顺的布萨两种。因为后五种是随顺的布萨的组成部分。第一种，止观的布萨，是以戒律为基础，听闻、思维论藏，然后修习其意义的实修。如《俱舍论》所说：“以戒住，闻思定者，应勤修。”通过这种方式，以止观对治贪欲的不净观，对治嗔恨的慈悲心，对治愚痴的缘起，对治我慢的界差别，对治嫉妒的呼气吸气念诵。如经中所说：“对于骨骼等一切执着。”等等的意义。以胜观显现四念住等菩提之法。第二种，随顺的布萨，是指在没有不和谐的地方，小范围能容纳四十个坐垫，大范围从中心到左右各三又二分之一由旬，四个角落用木头和石头等作为标记的地方。出家众五人如法忏悔堕罪，增进学处，献上意乐和清净。在仪式上，首先要做的是用十六种可以制作召集僧众的铃杵的木头来发出信号。如铃杵经中所说：“旃檀、毗罗、巴拉夏，阿湿波他与赤旃檀，广枣、多罗、羯句迦，树皮、多摩罗，阿娑摩罗、枣、余甘子，丁底波罗、阿娑迦摩。如果这些都没有，也要努力用欧色。”因此，铃杵的长度为八十四指，宽度为六指，高度为两指，四个角有八个棱，侧面为两指，顶端像青蛙的头。敲击铃杵的木槌也用同样的木头制作，敲击铃杵的尺寸为十二指，手柄也具有相同的尺寸，顶端有两个像猫鼬头一样的形状。在召集僧众的时候，在寺庙的顶部等处敲击它。这也是