English
Therein, what is Right View? Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the path leading to the cessation of suffering – this is called “Right View.” Therein, what is Right Intention? Intention of renunciation, intention of non-ill-will, intention of non-harming – this is called “Right Intention.” Therein, what is What is right speech? Abstinence from false speech, abstinence from divisive speech, abstinence from harsh speech, abstinence from idle chatter – this is called "right speech". Therein, what is right action? Abstinence from taking life, abstinence from taking what is not given, abstinence from sexual misconduct – this is called "right action". Therein, what is right livelihood? Here, a noble disciple, having abandoned wrong livelihood, maintains his life with right livelihood – this is called "right livelihood". Therein, what is right effort? Here, a monk generates desire for the non-arising of unarisen evil, unwholesome states, he endeavors, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he strives. For the abandoning of arisen evil, unwholesome states, he generates desire, he endeavors, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he strives. For the arising of unarisen wholesome states, he generates desire, he endeavors, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he strives. For the maintenance, non-disappearance, increase, abundance, development, and perfection of arisen wholesome states, he generates desire, he endeavors, he arouses energy, he exerts his mind, he strives. This is called "right effort". Therein, what is right mindfulness? Here, a monk dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world. In feelings... in mind... in phenomena, he dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world. This is called "right mindfulness". Therein, what is right concentration? Here, a monk, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, enters and dwells in the first jhana, which is accompanied by initial application and sustained application, born of seclusion, and filled with rapture and pleasure. With the subsiding of initial and sustained application, with the internal pacification and unification of mind, without initial and sustained application, born of concentration, and filled with rapture and pleasure, he enters and dwells in the second jhana. And with the fading away of rapture, he dwells equanimous... and he dwells, mindful and clearly comprehending, and he experiences happiness with the body, which the noble ones declare: "He is equanimous, mindful, dwelling in happiness," he enters and dwells in the third jhana. With the abandoning of pleasure and the abandoning of pain, and with the prior disappearance of joy and sorrow, he enters and dwells in the fourth jhana, which is neither painful nor pleasant, a purification of mindfulness by equanimity. This is called "right concentration." This is called "the noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering." Division according to the Suttas. 2. Division according to the Abhidhamma 206. The four truths are: suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, the path leading to the cessation of suffering. Therein, what is the origin of suffering? Craving – this is called "the origin of suffering." Therein, what is suffering? The remaining defilements, the remaining unwholesome states, the three wholesome roots with taints, the remaining wholesome states with taints, and the results of wholesome and unwholesome states with taints, and those functional states which are neither wholesome nor unwholesome nor results of kamma, and all form – this is called "suffering." Therein, what is the cessation of suffering? The abandoning of craving – this is called "the cessation of suffering." Therein, what is the path leading to the cessation of suffering? Here, when a monk develops a supramundane jhana leading to liberation, leading to the non-accumulation (of kamma), for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage (of awakening), having detached from sensual pleasures... (and so on)... he enters and dwells in the first jhana, a painful practice with slow direct knowledge, at that time the eightfold path is present: right view... (and so on)... right concentration. Therein, what is right view? That wisdom, understanding... (and so on)... non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, a factor of the path, included in the path – this is called "right view." Therein, what is right intention? That reasoning, thought... (and so on)... right intention, a factor of the path, included in the path – this is called "right intention." Therein, what is right speech? That which is abstaining, desisting, refraining, from the four verbal wrongdoings. Non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression, non-overstepping the boundary, breaking the bridge (to wrongdoing). Right speech, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right speech." Therein, what is right action? That which is abstaining, desisting, refraining, from the three bodily wrongdoings. Non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression, non-overstepping the boundary, breaking the bridge (to wrongdoing). Right action, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right action." Therein, what is right livelihood? That which is abstaining, desisting, refraining, from wrong livelihood. Non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression, non-overstepping the boundary, breaking the bridge (to wrongdoing). Right livelihood, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right livelihood." Therein, what is right effort? That mental exertion... and so on... Right effort, the enlightenment factor of energy, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right effort." Therein, what is right mindfulness? That mindfulness, recollection... and so on... Right mindfulness, the enlightenment factor of mindfulness, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right mindfulness." Therein, what is right concentration? That stability of mind, steadfastness... and so on... Right concentration, the enlightenment factor of concentration, a factor of the path, included in the path. This is called "right concentration." This is called "the path leading to the cessation of suffering." The remaining phenomena are associated with the path leading to the cessation of suffering. 207. Therein, what is the origin of suffering? Craving and the remaining defilements. This is called "the origin of suffering." Therein, what is suffering? The remaining unwholesome phenomena, the three wholesome roots with taints, the remaining wholesome phenomena with taints, the results of wholesome and unwholesome phenomena with taints, and those functional phenomena which are neither wholesome nor unwholesome and not results of kamma, and all form. This is called "suffering." And what is the cessation of suffering? The abandoning of craving, and of the remaining defilements – this is called "the cessation of suffering." And what is the path leading to the cessation of suffering? Here, a monk, at the time when he develops supramundane jhāna, leading out, tending to diminish, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage, quite secluded from sensual pleasures... he enters and dwells in the first jhāna, a painful practice with slow direct knowledge, at that time the eightfold path exists – right view... right concentration. This is called "the path leading to the cessation of suffering." The remaining phenomena are associated with the path leading to the cessation of suffering. 208. And what is the origin of suffering? Craving, and the remaining defilements, and the remaining unwholesome phenomena – this is called "the origin of suffering." And what is suffering? The three wholesome roots with taints, and the remaining wholesome phenomena with taints, and the results of wholesome and unwholesome phenomena with taints, and those functional phenomena that are neither wholesome nor unwholesome nor results of kamma, and all form – this is called "suffering." And what is the cessation of suffering? The abandoning of craving, and of the remaining defilements, and of the remaining unwholesome phenomena – this is called "the cessation of suffering." And what is the path leading to the cessation of suffering? Here, a monk, at the time when he develops supramundane jhāna, leading out, tending to diminish, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage, quite secluded from sensual pleasures... he enters and dwells in the first jhāna, a painful practice with slow direct knowledge, at that time the eightfold path exists – right view... right concentration. This is called "the path leading to the cessation of suffering." The remaining phenomena are associated with the path leading to the cessation of suffering. 209. And what is the origin of suffering? Craving, and the remaining defilements, and the remaining unwholesome phenomena, and the three wholesome roots with taints. i – This is called "the origin of suffering." Therein, what is suffering? The remaining wholesome states with taints, and the results of wholesome and unwholesome states with taints, and those states that are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of kamma, and all form – this is called "suffering." Therein, what is the cessation of suffering? The abandoning of craving, and of the remaining defilements, and of the remaining unwholesome states, and of the three wholesome roots with taints – this is called "the cessation of suffering."