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are dissociated from clinging and are not subject to clinging. In the Section on Enumeration, the second recitation portion. The Cluster of Defilements. 1235. Which phenomena are defilements? The ten bases of defilement – greed, hatred, delusion, conceit, wrong view, doubt, sloth, restlessness, shamelessness, lack of moral dread. 1236. Among these, what is greed? That which is passion, intense passion, inclination, compliance, delight, passionate delight, intense passion of the mind, desire, infatuation, attachment, greed, excessive greed, clinging, mire, agitation, deceit, that which generates, that which fully generates, that which sews, that which ensnares, that which flows, that which clings, thread, entanglement, that which strives, the second (companion), aspiration, the guide to existence, forest, jungle, intimacy, affection, longing, bond, hope, wishing, the state of wishing, hope for forms, hope for sounds, hope for smells, hope for tastes, hope for tangibles, hope for gain, hope for wealth, hope for sons, hope for life, murmuring, intense murmuring, excessive murmuring, murmuring, the act of murmuring, the state of murmuring, covetousness, the act of coveting, the state of coveting, the state of being a questioner, the desire for good things, unrighteous passion, unwholesome greed, delight, longing, aspiration, yearning, intense aspiration, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for existence, craving for non-existence, craving for forms, craving for formless things, craving for cessation, craving for forms, craving for sounds, craving for smells, craving for tastes, craving for tangibles, craving for mental phenomena, flood, yoke, tie, clinging, obstruction, hindrance, covering, bondage. defilement, underlying tendency, obsession, creeper, entanglement, root of suffering, cause of suffering, origin of suffering, Māra's snare, Māra's hook, Māra's domain, river of craving, net of craving, leash of craving, ocean of craving, covetousness, greed, root of unwholesome — this is called greed. 1237. Therein, what is hatred? "He acted to my detriment" — resentment arises. "He acts to my detriment" — resentment arises. "He will act to my detriment" — resentment arises. "He acted to the detriment of my dear, beloved one" — resentment arises. "He acts to the detriment of my dear, beloved one" — resentment arises. "He will act to the detriment of my dear, beloved one" — resentment arises. "He acted to the benefit of my disliked, unloved one" — resentment arises. "He acts to the benefit of my disliked, unloved one" — resentment arises. "He will act to the benefit of my disliked, unloved one" — resentment arises. Or resentment arises without cause. Whatever such mental resentment, aversion, repulsion, opposition, anger, intense anger, complete anger, hatred, malice, complete malice, mental ill-will, mental defilement, wrath, being angry, the state of being angry, hatred, being hostile, the state of being hostile, ill-will, being malicious, the state of being malicious, hostility, opposition, ferocity, surliness, mental displeasure — this is called hatred. 1238. Therein, what is delusion? Ignorance of suffering, ignorance of the origin of suffering, ignorance of the cessation of suffering, ignorance of the path leading to the cessation of suffering, ignorance of the past, ignorance of the future, ignorance of both past and future, ignorance of dependent co-arising, of phenomena arisen dependently. Whatever such ignorance, not seeing, not understanding, not awakening, not comprehending, not penetrating, not grasping, not comprehending fully, not reflecting, not reviewing, not making clear, dullness, foolishness, lack of clear comprehension, delusion, great delusion, complete delusion, ignorance, flood of ignorance, yoke of ignorance, underlying tendency of ignorance, obsession of ignorance, fetter of ignorance, delusion, root of unwholesome — this is called delusion. 1239. Therein, what is conceit? "I am superior" — conceit. "I am equal" — conceit. "I am inferior" — conceit. Whatever such conceit, thinking (of oneself), the state of thinking (of oneself), elevation, haughtiness, a banner, grasping (at self), a flag... When of the mind – this is called conceit. 1240. Therein, what is view? "The world is eternal" or, "the world is not eternal" or, "the world is finite" or, "the world is infinite" or, "the soul is the same as the body" or, "the soul is one thing, the body another" or, "the Tathāgata exists after death" or, "the Tathāgata does not exist after death" or, "the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death" or, "the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death" – whatever such view, a going to view, a thicket of views, a wilderness of views, a writhing of views, a vacillation of views, a fetter of views, grasping, clinging, adherence, obsession, a wrong path, a false way, wrongness, a basis for heresies, a perverted grasping – this is called view. All wrong views are view. 1241. Therein, what is doubt? He doubts, he is uncertain about the Teacher, he doubts, he is uncertain about the Dhamma, he doubts, he is uncertain about the Saṅgha, he doubts, he is uncertain about the training, he doubts, he is uncertain about the past, he doubts, he is uncertain about the future, he doubts, he is uncertain about the past and future, he doubts, he is uncertain about dependent origination and dependently arisen phenomena – whatever such wavering, doubting, being in doubt, perplexity, uncertainty, indecision, a two-way path, hesitation, grasping at many sides, wavering, vacillation, lack of penetration, stiffness of mind, mental agitation – this is called doubt. 1242. Therein, what is sloth? Whatever unfitness of mind, unworkability, drooping, shrinking, sluggishness, languor, being languid, sloth, torpor, being torpid of mind – this is called sloth. 1243. Therein, what is restlessness? Whatever restlessness of mind, non-calmness, distraction of thought, agitation of mind – this is called restlessness. 1244. Therein, what is shamelessness? Whatever not being ashamed of what should be shameful, not being ashamed of committing evil, unwholesome things – this is called shamelessness. Therein, what is shamelessness? That which does not dread what should be dreaded, does not dread the entering upon evil, unwholesome states – this is called shamelessness. These states are defilements. 1246. What states are not defilements? Excluding those states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate states belonging to the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere, and not included (in any sphere); the aggregate of feeling…up to…the aggregate of consciousness; and all form, and the unconditioned element – these states are not defilements. 1247. What states are defilement-producing? The states that are with taints, wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate, belonging to the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere; the aggregate of form…up to…the aggregate of consciousness – these states are defilement-producing. 1248. What states are not defilement-producing? The paths not included (in any sphere), and their fruits, and the unconditioned element – these states are not defilement-producing. 1249. What states are defiled? The three roots of unwholesomeness – greed, hatred, delusion; and the defilements associated with them, the aggregate of feeling…up to…the aggregate of consciousness associated with them, the bodily action, verbal action, and mental action arising from them – these states are defiled. 1250. What states are undefiled? The wholesome and indeterminate states belonging to the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere, and not included (in any sphere); the aggregate of feeling…up to…the aggregate of consciousness; and all form, and the unconditioned element – these states are undefiled. 1251. What states are associated with defilements? Those states which are associated with those defilements, the aggregate of feeling…up to…the aggregate of consciousness – these states are associated with defilements. 1252. What states are dissociated from defilements? Those states which are dissociated from those defilements, the aggregate of feeling…up to…the aggregate of consciousness; and all form, and the unconditioned element – these states are dissociated from defilements. 1253. What states are both defilements and defilement-producing? Those very defilements are both defilements and defilement-producing. 1254. What states are defilement-producing but not defilements? Those states which are defilement-producing from those defilements… Defiling states: excluding those states, the remaining states that are tainted, wholesome, unwholesome, indeterminate, belonging to the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere; the form aggregate... ...the consciousness aggregate – these states are defiling but not defilements. 1255. What states are defilements and defiled? The defilements themselves are defilements and defiled. 1256. What states are defiled but not defilements? The states that are defiled by those defilements, excluding those defilements themselves: the feeling aggregate... ...the consciousness aggregate – these states are defiled but not defilements. 1257. What states are defilements and associated with defilements? Greed with delusion is a defilement and associated with defilements. Delusion with greed is a defilement and associated with defilements. Aversion with delusion is a defilement and associated with defilements. Delusion with aversion is a defilement and associated with defilements. Conceit with delusion is a defilement and associated with defilements. Delusion with conceit is a defilement and associated with defilements. Wrong view with delusion is a defilement and associated with defilements. Delusion with wrong view is a defilement and associated with defilements. Skeptical doubt with delusion is a defilement and associated with defilements.