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Section on Exposition Exposition of Triads 985. Which phenomena are wholesome? Three roots of wholesomeness: non-greed, non-hatred, non-delusion; the feeling aggregate, the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate associated with them; the bodily action, the verbal action, the mental action arisen from them – these phenomena are wholesome. 986. Which phenomena are unwholesome? Three roots of unwholesomeness: greed, hatred, delusion; and defilements co-existent with them; the feeling aggregate, the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate associated with them; the bodily action, the verbal action, the mental action arisen from them – these phenomena are unwholesome. 987. Which phenomena are indeterminate? The results of wholesome and unwholesome phenomena: in the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere, and not included (in any sphere); the feeling aggregate, the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate; and those functional phenomena which are neither wholesome nor unwholesome nor results of kamma; and all matter, and the unconditioned element – these phenomena are indeterminate. 988. Which phenomena are associated with pleasant feeling? In the sphere of pleasure: in the sense-sphere, form-sphere, and not included, excluding pleasant feeling itself; the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate associated with it – these phenomena are associated with pleasant feeling. 989. Which phenomena are associated with painful feeling? In the sphere of pain: in the sense-sphere, excluding painful feeling itself; the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate associated with it – these phenomena are associated with painful feeling. 990. Which phenomena are associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling? In the sphere of neither-painful-nor-pleasant: in the sense-sphere, form-sphere, formless-sphere, and not included, excluding neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling itself; the perception aggregate, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate associated with it – these phenomena are associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. 991. Which phenomena are results (of kamma)? The results of wholesome and unwholesome phenomena: in the sense-sphere, form-sphere, pertaining to the formless realm, unincluded; the aggregate of feeling... up to... the aggregate of consciousness – these phenomena are results. 992. Which phenomena are phenomena that have results? Wholesome and unwholesome phenomena pertaining to the sense realm, pertaining to the form realm, pertaining to the formless realm, unincluded; the aggregate of feeling... up to... the aggregate of consciousness – these phenomena are phenomena that have results. 993. Which phenomena are neither results nor phenomena that have results? And those functional phenomena neither wholesome nor unwholesome and not results of kamma, and all material form, and the unconditioned element – these phenomena are neither results nor phenomena that have results. 994. Which phenomena are clung to and clinging-producing? The results of wholesome and unwholesome phenomena, accompanied by defilements, pertaining to the sense realm, pertaining to the form realm, pertaining to the formless realm; the aggregate of feeling... up to... the aggregate of consciousness; and that material form produced by kamma – these phenomena are clung to and clinging-producing. 995. Which phenomena are not clung to but clinging-producing? Wholesome and unwholesome phenomena, accompanied by defilements, pertaining to the sense realm, pertaining to the form realm, pertaining to the formless realm; the aggregate of feeling... up to... the aggregate of consciousness; and those functional phenomena neither wholesome nor unwholesome and not results of kamma; and that material form not produced by kamma – these phenomena are not clung to but clinging-producing. 996. Which phenomena are not clung to and not clinging-producing? And the unincluded paths, and the fruits of the paths, and the unconditioned element – these phenomena are not clung to and not clinging-producing. 997. Which phenomena are defiled and defiling? The three unwholesome roots – greed, hatred, delusion; and the defilements co-arising with them; the aggregate of feeling... up to... the aggregate of consciousness, associated with them; bodily action, verbal action, mental action arising from them – these phenomena are defiled and defiling. 998. Which phenomena are undefiled but defiling? Wholesome and indeterminate phenomena, accompanied by defilements, pertaining to the sense realm, pertaining to the form realm, pertaining to the formless realm; the aggregate of material form, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental formations, the aggregate of consciousness – these phenomena are undefiled but defiling. 999. Which phenomena are undefiled and non-defiling? Unincluded m And the highest, And the fruits of the path, And the unconditioned element – These phenomena are undefiled and not conducive to defilement. 1000. Which phenomena are accompanied by initial application and sustained application? In the sphere of initial application and sustained application, in the sense-sphere, in the form-sphere, and the unincluded, excluding initial application and sustained application; the feeling aggregate associated with that... ...up to... the consciousness aggregate – these phenomena are accompanied by initial application and sustained application. 1001. Which phenomena are without initial application, with sustained application only? In the sphere of without initial application, with sustained application only, in the form-sphere, and the unincluded, excluding sustained application; the feeling aggregate associated with that... ...up to... the consciousness aggregate – these phenomena are without initial application, with sustained application only. 1002. Which phenomena are without initial application and without sustained application? In the sphere of without initial application and without sustained application, in the sense-sphere, in the form-sphere, in the formless-sphere, and the unincluded; the feeling aggregate... ...up to... the consciousness aggregate; and all form, and the unconditioned element – these phenomena are without initial application and without sustained application. 1003. Which phenomena are accompanied by joy? In the sphere of joy, in the sense-sphere, in the form-sphere, and the unincluded, excluding joy; the feeling aggregate associated with that... ...up to... the consciousness aggregate – these phenomena are accompanied by joy. 1004. Which phenomena are accompanied by happiness? In the sphere of happiness, in the sense-sphere, in the form-sphere, and the unincluded, excluding happiness; the perception aggregate associated with that, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate – these phenomena are accompanied by happiness. 1005. Which phenomena are accompanied by equanimity? In the sphere of equanimity, in the sense-sphere, in the form-sphere, in the formless-sphere, and the unincluded, excluding equanimity; the perception aggregate associated with that, the volitional formations aggregate, the consciousness aggregate – these phenomena are accompanied by equanimity. 1006. Which phenomena are to be abandoned by seeing? Three fetters – personality view, doubt, clinging to rules and observances. 1007. Among these, what is personality view? Here, an uninstructed ordinary person, not seeing the noble ones, unskilled in the noble Dhamma, not trained in the noble Dhamma, not seeing the true persons, unskilled in the Dhamma of the true persons, not trained in the Dhamma of the true persons... He regards form as self, or self as possessing form, or form as in self, or self as in form. He regards feeling as self, or self as possessing feeling, or feeling as in self, or self as in feeling. He regards perception as self, or self as possessing perception, or perception as in self, or self as in perception. He regards formations as self, or self as possessing formations, or formations as in self, or self as in formations. He regards consciousness as self, or self as possessing consciousness, or consciousness as in self, or self as in consciousness. Whatever view of this kind: view, view-gone-to, thicket of views, wilderness of views, tortuousness of views, agitation of views, fetter of views, grasping, clinging, adherence, misapprehension, wrong path, false way, wrongness, heretical ground, perverted grasping – this is called identity view. 1008. What is doubt there? He doubts, is uncertain about the Teacher, he doubts, is uncertain about the Dhamma, he doubts, is uncertain about the Saṅgha, he doubts, is uncertain about the training, he doubts, is uncertain about the past, he doubts, is uncertain about the future, he doubts, is uncertain about the past and future, he doubts, is uncertain about dependent origination and dependently arisen phenomena. Whatever of this kind: doubt, doubting, state of having doubted, perplexity, uncertainty, two-mindedness, forked path, suspicion, grasping at many sides, hesitation, vacillation, lack of penetration, stiffness of mind, mental agitation – this is called doubt. 1009. What is clinging to rites and rituals there? Among ascetics and brahmins outside this teaching, the view that 'purity is by moral practice, purity is by vows, purity is by moral practice and vows' – whatever view of this kind: view, view-gone-to, thicket of views, wilderness of views, tortuousness of views, agitation of views, fetter of views, grasping, clinging, adherence, misapprehension, wrong path, false way, wrongness, heretical ground, perverted grasping –