English
By the long one. Ha Bim Shi. Ha Bi. Ha Bishi. Ha Bim Shi. Ha Bisha. Ha Bish Bhyam Shar. Ha Birbhyam. Ha Birbhih. Ha Bishe. Ha Birbhyam. Ha Birbhyah. Ha Bishah. Ha Birbhyam Ha Birbhyah. Ha Bishah. Ha Bishoho. Ha Bisham. Ha Bishi. Ha Bishoho. Ha Birshu. Ha Bih Shu. Ha Bishshu. Thus it is. Furthermore, for the neuter gender of "adas", "adas si" is removed. The separated "s" is "adah". "Am" is also similar to that. For the others, "adas" is transformed into "ama" as before, or the transformation of "ti" into "a" is done with the action of a condition. Then, "da" is transformed into "da ma". It is also said that the vowel is made into "u", so do as you please. For example, "adas". Au I. Ti A. "Ad I" occurred. A I becomes E. Ade. Da Ma. From Ma, U. Amu. Or, Ti A. Da Ma. A I becomes E. Ame. From Ma, U. Amu. Jas Shas Shi Num Na'i Upa Dha Amuni. Ama Ta. Adas went to Amu. Ta Na. At the end of I U. It is necessary that Ta Na comes after the first one has gone to Amu. Amuna. A for Bha. Ama from Ma U. Amu Bhyam. All three are the same. For Bhas and Bhyas, for many Bhas, E. Ame A'i I for many. Thus it is said. Ami is. Ami Bhih. Ami Bhyah. Similarly, Ami Sham. Ami Shu. For the two Os. Os is Lao. Ame. E Ay. Ma is transformed into Mu. Amu Yoh. Furthermore, Umu Shyai. Amu Shmat. Amu Shyah. Amu Shmin are also similar to before. Thus, the neuter gender signs ending in Ha are complete. Now, from the explanation of the twenty-one divisions and related separate usages, the actions of Yushmad and Ashmad will be explained. This is called the sign of expression. It can be applied to any of the three genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter. It does not actually have the variations of masculine, feminine, and neuter. Therefore, the sign is placed separately. That is, Yushmad Si. Asmad Si. Tvam Ham Sina. Si is Tvam Aham. By Yi. The addition of the agent's sound is the meaning of the agent and the object being in the same direction. Si is the means of transforming together with the name. Therefore, Si and Yushmad together become Tvam. Si and Asmad together are transformed into Aham. Ta Aham. According to the order of Yushmad and Asmad, Tvam and Aham are applied in order. Yu Va Vau Dvi Vachane. For the dual number, Yu Va A Va are correct. Yushmad
English
When the dual case appears after ཨསྨད྄, it should be converted to ཡུ་བ་ and ཨ་བ་ respectively. This is just a suffix, not a case. Therefore, in that case, ཡུཥྨད྄་ཨཽ and ཨསྨད྄་ཨཽ will become ཡུ་བ་ཨཽ and ཨ་བ་ཨཽ. ཨཱ་མཽ. ཨཽ་ཨཱམ྄. The case ཨཽ that appears after ཡུཥྨད྄ and ཨསྨད྄ will become a long ཨཱཾ, so it is ཡུ་བ་ཨཱམ྄ and ཨ་བ་ཨཱམ྄. Previously, ཡུཥྨད྄ became ཡུ་བ་, and ཨསྨད྄ became ཨ་བ་, extending the final ཨ་ and the ཨཱ of ཨཱམ྄, becoming ཡུ་བཱཾ and ཨ་བཱཾ. ༈ ཡཱུ་ཡཾ and བ་ཡཾ ཛ་སཱ. ཛས྄ represents ཡཱུ་ཡཾ and བ་ཡཾ. Using the ergative word "ཀྱིས་" to convert to the case form, that is, placing ཡུཥྨད྄་ཛས྄ and ཨསྨད྄་ཛས྄. ཡུཥྨད྄་ཛས྄ is converted to ཡཱུ་ཡཾ, and ཨསྨད྄་ཛས྄ is converted to བ་ཡཾ. ཡཱུ་ཡཾ. བ་ཡཾ. ༈ ཏཱནྨ་དེ་ཀ་ཏྭེ. For a single one, it is ཏྭད྄ and མཏ་. Except for the first singular word, when the suffix of the singular word appears, ཡུཥྨད྄ will be converted to ཏྭཏ྄, and ཨསྨད྄ will be converted to མཏ྄. Here is the second case singular word ཡུཥྨད྄་ཨམ྄, ཨསྨད྄་ཨམ྄. ཏྭཏ྄. ཨམ྄. མཏ྄་ཨམ྄. ཨཱམྶཽབྷ. ཨམ྄ ས་ བྷི་ becomes ཨཱའོ. Here ཨམ྄ and ས་ and བྷིས྄, which will be discussed below, the preceding ཊི་ will become ཨཱ་, so here it is ཏྭཱ་ ཨམ྄ and མཱ་ ཨམ་. The same long sound. ཕ་རོལ་དབྱི. ཏྭཱཾ and མཱཾ. ༈ The second case dual word ཨཽ is the same as the first case dual word ཨཽ, that is, ཡུ་བཱཾ and ཨཱ་བཱཾ. ༈ ཤ་སོ་ནོ. ཤས྄ becomes ནའོ. Although some say that this is not a real root verse, but a quoted teaching, because there is no other word that can express the function of ཤས྄, it is reasonable that it is the root verse itself. For ཤས྄, ཡུཥྨད྄་ཤས྄ and ཨསྨད྄་ཤས྄, ཊི་ཨ. Except for converting ས྄ of ཤས྄ itself to ན྄, there are no other new changes and features. There is the same long sound. ཡུཥྨཱན྄ and ཨསྨཱན྄. ༈ ཨེ་ཊཱ་དྱོཿ. For ཊཱ་ and ངི་, it is ཨེའོ. Here it says that the suffix ending of ཊཱ་ and ངི་ below will become ཨེ་. ཡུཥྨད྄་ཊཱ. ཨསྨད྄་ཊཱ. The singular word is converted to ཏྭཏ and མཏ྄. The ཊིཨཏ྄ of these two both become ཨེ་. After quoting, it is ཏྭེ་ ཨཱ་ and མེ་ ཨཱ. ཨེ་ ཨ་ཡ྄. Quote. ཏྭ་ཡཱ and མ་ཡཱ. ༈ བྷྱཱམ྄ all three genders are dual words, so convert to ཡུ་བར་. ཡུ་བ་ བྷྱཱཾ. ཨ་བ་ བྷྱཱཾ. Because the common བྷ་ becomes ཨའོ, the suffix ending is long. ཡུ་བཱ་ བྷྱཱཾ and ཨ་བཱ་ བྷྱཱཾ. ༈ ཡུཥྨད྄་བྷིས྄ and ཨསྨད྄་བྷིས྄, ཊི་ཨ. ཨམ྄ ས་ བྷིས྄ becomes ཨཱ་རོ་
English
pas. Tri'i a thung ring por song. Yuṣmā bhiḥ. Asmā bhiḥ. ༈ Tu bhyam mahyam ngā yā. Nge yis tu bhyam mahya mo. Yuṣmad nge asmad nge de dang lhan cig yuṣmad tubhyam du bsgyur. Asmad mahyam du bsgyur dgos te. Yis zhes pa'i tshig zur las so. Tu bhyam. Mahyam. ༈ Gnyis tshig yu bā bhyām. A bā bhyām. 'dra ༈ Bhyas śa bhyam. Bhyas śa bhyam 'o. Bzhi ba'i bhyas ni. Śa bhyam du bsgyur te. De yang yuṣmad bhyas. Asmad bhyas. Ṭi a. Bhyas śa bhyam du bsgyur śa yig sngar thog ma bhyas yin pa'i dbang du byas na. Bha sa mang po nyid la e zhes pa dgag pa dang. Phyis bhyam thung ngur song ba ltar na yang gnyis tshig bhyām ring po dang cha 'dra pas. Bha la a zhes 'jug par dogs pa dgag pa'i don du byung ba tsam yin gyis gzhan don med pas phyis te. Yuṣma bhyam. Asma bhyam. ༈ Nga si bhya soḥ śṭuḥ. Nga si bhyas dag gi śṭu'o. Lnga pa'i gcig tshig ngsi dang mang tshig bhyas ni śṭu ru bsgyur ba ste. Dang por gsum pa'i gcig tshig dang 'dra bar. Yuṣmad twat dang. Asmad mat ru bsgyur. Twat as. Mat as zhes pa bsgyur bas. Twat. Śṭu. Mat śṭu zhes so. Śa ni thams cad 'gyur ba ste. As yongs rdzogs taru bsgyur ba'i rtags don yin pas phyis. U brjod don. Gong rtags mtha'i ta yang dbyi ste. Ṭi a'o. Twa dang ma rkyen gyi ta dbyangs med dang sbyar twat mat ༈ Gnyis tshig yu bā bhyām. A bā bhyām. 'dra'o. ༈ Yuṣmad bhyas. Asmad bhyas ṭi. A. Yuṣma bhyas asma bhyas bhyas śṭu ru bsgyur. Yuṣma śṭu. Asma śṭu. Śa dang u phyis yuṣmat asmat. Ngsi skabs kyi twat mat dang lnga pa'i mang tshig gi yuṣmatra asmad zhes mtha' rten 'di rnams rkyen gyi lus 'gyur ro. ༈ Ta ba ma ma nga sā. Ngas kyis ta ba ma ma'o. Yuṣmad ngs dang lhan cig ta ba. Asmad ngs dang lhan cig ma ma ru bsgyur. Yang na drug pa'i gcig tshigs la thog ma rtags kho na twat mat du bsgyur nas. De rjes twat mat rnam dbye dang bcas pa ta ba dang ma ma ru bsgyur kyang 'dra zhes zer. Ta ba. Ma ma. ༈ Yuṣmad os. Asmad os gnyis tshig la yu ba dang a ba ru gong bzhin bsgyur. Spyi 'gro os la'o zhes pas. Rtags mtha' e a ya drangs. Yu ba yoḥ. A ba yoḥ. ༈ Yuṣmad ām ṭi a ṭas ster. Yuṣmas. Ām asmas ām 'byung. Sā mā kam. Sām
English
Ākamo. Sām is derived from the s of Suṭ to Ām, that is, Suṭ and Ām together are transformed into Ākam. Similar long vowels are Yuṣmākam, Asmākam. ༈ Yuṣmad. Ṅi Asmad Ṅi. Tvat. Matt Ṭāṅi etc. become Eo. Tve I, Me I, it is said. E is derived to Ay, therefore Tvayi, Mayi. ༈ The dual number is Yuvāyoḥ, Avāyoḥ, like the sixth above. ༈ From Yuṣmad Sup, Asmad Sup, Am Sa Bhis to Ao. From this, it is known that Sa, that is Ṭi, has become Ā. Yuṣmāsu, Asmāsu. ༈ Now, this is explained, from these, how they transform into other differences again. For Ādeśa also, other Ādeśas are done again. Yuṣmad Sma Toḥ Ṣaṣṭhī Caturthī Dvitīya Bhis te Me Bam Nau Bas Naso. For Yuṣmad and Asmad, through the sixth, fourth, second, etc., that is, Me Bam Nau Bas Nas. ༈ For example, for the singular of the sixth case, Yuṣmad becomes Tvat, Tva Tat and the As of Ṅas are mixed to become Ta Ba, then it becomes Te. Asmad is transformed into Mat, that is, together with As, Mama becomes that, and again it becomes Me. ༈ For the dual of the sixth case, it has already become Yuṣmad Yuvāyoḥ and Asmad Āvāyoḥ, Yuvāyoḥ is transformed into Bam, Avāyoḥ is transformed into Nau. ༈ For the plural of the sixth case, Yuṣmad is transformed into Yuṣmākam, Asmad Asmākam has already been transformed into that, Yuṣmākam is transformed into Bas, Asmākam is transformed into Nas. ༈ Similarly, for the fourth case, Tu Bhyam becomes Te, Mahyam becomes Me. ༈ Yuvābhyām becomes Bam, Avābhyām becomes Nau. ༈ Yuṣma Bhyam becomes Bas, Asma Bhyam becomes Nas. ༈ Also, for the second case, Tvām Mām, these specially designated ones will change, Yuvām becomes Bam, Avām becomes Nau. ༈ Yūyam becomes Bas, Vayam becomes Nas. ༈ The sixth, fourth, and second cases are actual, because the reversed order is shown, if it is appropriate and desired, the rules of suffixes can also be applied to others. For the first case, Tvam becomes Te, Aham becomes Me, Yuvām becomes Bam, Avām becomes Nau. ༈ Yūyam becomes Bas, Vayam becomes Nas. ༈ For the third case, Tvayā Te, Mayā Me. ༈ Yuvābhyām Bam, Avābhyām Nau. ༈ Yuṣmābhiḥ Bas, Asmābhiḥ Nas. ༈ For the fifth case, Tvat Te, Mat Me. ༈ Yuvābhyām Bam, Avābhyām Nau. ༈ Yuṣmat Bas, Asmat Nas. ༈ For the seventh case, Tvayi Te, Mayi Me. ༈ Yuva
English
yoḥ bam. a-ba-yoḥ no. Furthermore, yuṣmā su bas, asmā su nas, should also be generally shown sometimes. Furthermore, tvā mā ma. Am transforms into tvā mā. Yuṣmad asmad, along with the singular accusative am, is transformed into tvā and mā. Yuṣmad am becomes tvām, and asmad am becomes mām, which are then transformed back into tvām tvā and mām mā here. Furthermore, thus te me bam nau bas nas tvā mā, these eight ādeśa are mostly applied to the sixth, fourth, and second cases. Furthermore, although they are generally not applied to the first, third, fifth, and seventh cases, it is possible in some instances for the construction of compound words. The necessity of indicating the order of direct wishes and implied reversals is that. Furthermore, the transformation from tvam and aham to yuṣmā su and asmā su is certain. Although there are many instances where ādeśa is not applied, it is said by others that the action of the word is considered complete when ādeśa is applied. Furthermore, the transformations of yuṣmad with case endings are: tvam and yuvām yūyam are the first. Furthermore, tvām and yuvām yuṣmān are the second. Furthermore, tvayā yuvābhyām and yuṣmābhiḥ. Furthermore, tubhyam yuvābhyām and yuṣmabhyam. Furthermore, tvat and yuvābhyām and yuṣmat. Furthermore, tava yuvayoḥ and yuṣmākam. Furthermore, tvayi yuvayoḥ and yuṣmāsu. Furthermore, the transformations of asmad with endings are: aham āvām vayam are the first. Furthermore, mām and āvām asmān are the second. Furthermore, mayā āvābhyām and asmābhiḥ. Furthermore, mahyam āvābhyām and asmābhyam. Furthermore, mat and āvābhyām and asmat are the third. Furthermore, mama avayoḥ and asmākam. Furthermore, mayi avayoḥ and asmāsu. Furthermore, the singular and plural of the first case, and the singular of the fourth and fifth cases, are transformed together with the sign and case. Furthermore, the singular of the third, fifth, sixth, and seventh cases accomplish the action with tvat and matra. Furthermore, for all duals, the action is done by transforming into yuva and āva. Furthermore, the transformations are again very: tvām becomes tvā, and mām should also be transformed into mā. Furthermore, tubhyam tava te are, and mahyam mama me become. Furthermore, yuvām and yuvābhyām, yuvayoḥ all become bam. Furthermore, āvām and āvābhyām, avayoḥ are called nau. yūyam yuṣmabhyam and yuṣmākam all become bas.