English
English version The calamity of epidemics. The fourth is the difficulty of eliminating evil stars and strange phenomena. This is the first. 'When the king's territory is secure,' indicates the difficulty of eliminating foreign invasions and internal rebellions. The Sutra says: 'When wind and rain are timely, crops are abundant.' The second is the difficulty of untimely wind and rain. 'When wind and rain are timely, crops flourish and the country is prosperous,' indicates the difficulty of eliminating untimely wind and rain and the difficulty of rain not falling when needed. The Sutra says: 'All lands are free from disturbances and beings are joyful.' The third is the difficulty of eliminating epidemics among the people. 'All beings in all lands are free from illness, happy, and filled with joy. In those lands, there are no Yakshas (Yaksa, a type of spirit), Rakshasas (Rakshasa, a type of demon), Pisacas (Pisaca, a flesh-eating demon), or other evil spirits disturbing beings,' indicates the difficulty of eliminating epidemics among the people. The Sutra says: 'All evil omens disappear.' The fourth is the difficulty of eliminating evil stars and strange phenomena. 'All evil omens disappear,' indicates the difficulty of eliminating strange phenomena of stars and the difficulty of solar and lunar eclipses. The Sutra says: 'That empowerment will increase the emperor's lifespan.' The sixth is the extension of the emperor's life. It means that the emperor's own lifespan, vigor, and strength will all be increased. The Sutra says: 'At that time, wisdom and life can be further extended.' The sixth section, on extending life, is divided into three parts: 1. Questioning, 2. General explanation, 3. Specific explanation. This is the first part. It explains Ananda's (Ananda, one of the Buddha's ten principal disciples) question before the deliverance, saying, 'In the future, there will be beings suffering from severe illness, and when their consciousness returns, the signs of death will be present, indicating that their lifespan is exhausted. However, if their relatives take refuge in the Three Jewels, their lifespan can be restored and further extended.' Therefore, the question is raised: 'How can a life that is already exhausted be further extended?' The Sutra says: 'Deliverance from the nine untimely deaths?' The second part, the general explanation, is divided into two parts: 1. Replying to the question, 2. Affirming the explanation. This is the first part. It says to Ananda (Ananda, one of the Buddha's ten principal disciples), 'Have you not heard of the nine untimely deaths spoken by the Tathagata?' The Sutra says: 'Therefore, use skillful means.' The second part is the affirmation. 'Therefore, teaching the expedient means of mantras and medicine is the method to eliminate untimely death.' The Tang version says, 'Therefore, encourage the creation of life-extending banners and lamps, and cultivate various merits, so that one's lifespan can be exhausted without suffering.' The Song version also says, 'I have heard the World Honored One say that there are various untimely deaths.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
。劝造幡灯令其修福。又言昔沙弥救蚁已修福故。尽其寿命不更苦患。身体安宁福德力强使之然也。此答意云何夫横死者。皆是不定业。此业若有顺缘资助则得延长。若无顺缘资助则便短促。是故劝造幡灯修敬三宝等福德。以修福德为资助顺缘故。遂使是人尽彼先业所感寿命。终不中逢更经枉横苦患也。 经。或有众生至是为初横 三辨文分为二。一徴。二结。就初文中文分为九。一医治失御。二柱被王刑。三放逸亡魂。四火来焚烧。五津流所溺。六逢兽亡生。七饥馁受终八起尸相损。九山崖坠落。此则初也。得病非重等者。以无资缘故而便致死。或后医人疗治失所者。依金光明经第七卷说。流水问父。云何当知四大诸根衰损代谢而得诸病。时父持水而答其子。三月是夏。三月是秋。三月是冬。三月是春。是十二月三月而说。从如是数一岁四时。若二二说足满六时三三本摄二二现时随是时节消息饮食是能益身。医方所说随是岁中诸根四大代谢增损令身得病。有善医师随顺四时。三月将养调和六大随病饮食及以汤药。问如是诸病何时当发。答多风病者忧则发动。其热病者秋则发动。等分病者冬则发动。其肺病者春则增剧。问。诸病若增云何对治。答。有风病者。忧则应服肥腻咸酢及以热食。有热病者。秋服冷甜。 现代汉语译本：劝人建造幡灯，是为了让他们修积福德。又说以前有位沙弥救助蚂蚁，因为修积了福德的缘故，所以一生之中没有再遭受痛苦和灾难，身体安宁，福德的力量强大，使得他能够这样。这里回答的意思是，那些遭受横死的人，都是因为有不定业。这种业如果得到顺缘的资助，就可以延长寿命；如果没有顺缘的资助，就会变得短促。所以劝人建造幡灯，恭敬三宝等修积福德，用修积福德作为资助的顺缘，就可以使这个人能够终了先前的业力所感召的寿命，最终不会中途遭遇横死和痛苦的灾难。 或者有些众生，一开始就遭遇横死。三辨文分为二：一、提问；二、总结。就第一部分而言，又分为九种情况：一、因医治不当而死；二、因触犯王法而被处刑；三、因放逸而亡魂；四、因火灾焚烧而死；五、因溺水而死；六、遭遇野兽而死；七、因饥饿而死；八、因尸体作祟而死；九、从山崖坠落而死。这些就是最初的横死。得病并非重病等情况，是因为没有资助的缘故而导致死亡。或者后来的医生治疗不当的情况，依据《金光明经》第七卷所说，流水问他的父亲：‘应当如何知道四大诸根衰损代谢而生病？’当时父亲持水回答他的儿子说：‘三个月是夏季，三个月是秋季，三个月是冬季，三个月是春季。这十二个月是按照三个月来划分的。从这样的计数方式来看，一年有四个季节。如果按照两个月两个月来划分，总共是六个时节。三个月本身就包含了两个月的时节，所以要根据时节来调整饮食，这样才能有益于身体。医生所说的，是根据一年中诸根四大代谢增损的情况，使身体生病。有好的医生会根据四季的变化，用三个月的时间来调养，调和六大，根据病情来调整饮食和汤药。’问：‘这些疾病什么时候会发作？’答：‘多风的疾病，忧愁的时候会发作；热病，秋天会发作；等分病，冬天会发作；肺病，春天会加重。’问：‘如果疾病加重，应该如何治疗？’答：‘有风病的人，忧愁的时候应该服用肥腻、咸酸以及热的食物；有热病的人，秋天应该服用寒冷甘甜的食物。
English
English version: Encouraging people to build banners and lamps is to enable them to cultivate merits. It is also said that a Shami (novice monk) once saved ants, and because of cultivating merits, he did not suffer pain and disasters throughout his life. His body was peaceful, and the power of his merits was strong, enabling him to be like that. The meaning of this answer is that those who die a violent death are all due to uncertain karma. If this karma is supported by favorable conditions, it can prolong life; if it is not supported by favorable conditions, it will be shortened. Therefore, people are encouraged to build banners and lamps, and to respect the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha) to cultivate merits. By using the cultivation of merits as a supportive favorable condition, this person can end the lifespan caused by previous karma and will ultimately not encounter violent death and painful disasters midway. Or some sentient beings encounter untimely death from the very beginning. The three distinctions of the text are divided into two parts: first, the question; second, the conclusion. Regarding the first part, it is further divided into nine situations: first, death due to improper medical treatment; second, execution for violating the law of the king; third, death due to negligence and wandering souls; fourth, death due to fire; fifth, death due to drowning; sixth, death due to encountering wild animals; seventh, death due to starvation; eighth, death due to corpses causing harm; ninth, death due to falling from cliffs. These are the initial untimely deaths. The situation of illness not being serious, etc., is due to the lack of supportive conditions leading to death. Or the situation of improper treatment by later doctors, according to the seventh volume of the Suvarnaprabhasa Sutra (Golden Light Sutra), Flowing Water asked his father: 'How should one know when the four great elements and roots are declining and metabolizing, leading to illness?' At that time, the father held water and answered his son: 'Three months are summer, three months are autumn, three months are winter, three months are spring. These twelve months are divided according to three-month periods. From this counting method, there are four seasons in a year. If divided into two-month periods, there are a total of six seasons. Three months inherently include two-month periods, so one should adjust their diet according to the season to benefit the body. What doctors say is based on the metabolism and changes in the four great elements and roots throughout the year, causing the body to become ill. Good doctors will adjust and nourish the body according to the changes of the four seasons, using three months to harmonize the six elements and adjust diet and medicine according to the illness.' Question: 'When will these illnesses occur?' Answer: 'Wind-related illnesses will occur when one is worried; heat-related illnesses will occur in autumn; balanced illnesses will occur in winter; lung-related illnesses will worsen in spring.' Question: 'If the illness worsens, how should it be treated?' Answer: 'Those with wind-related illnesses should consume fatty, salty, sour, and hot foods when worried; those with heat-related illnesses should consume cold and sweet foods in autumn.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
等分分服甜酢肥腻。肺病春服肥腻辛热。问。诸病源由因何而起。答。饱食然后则发肺病。于食消时则发热病。食消已后则发风病。如是四大随三时发。问。诸病相多食复当云何。答。风病羸损补以苏腻。热病下药服呵梨勒。等分应服三种妙药。所谓甜辛及以苏腻。肺病应服随能吐药。问。若风热病肺病等分违时而发当何疗治。答。应当任师筹量随病饮食汤药。由师失疫不顺医方遇违缘故非时而死。故宋本云。有病不治。又不修福汤药不顺针灸失疫不值良医为病所困于是灭亡。又法华经第二卷说。若修医道顺方治病。更增他疾。或复致死。若自有病无人救疗。设服良药而复增剧。所患虽轻实不应死而便横死。是为初横。 经。第二横者王法所杀 二枉被王刑。此人寿命是不定业。亦是杀生增上果故。涅槃经云。杀生之人得两种报。一者短命。二者多病。若遇顺缘修福等资助不受王戮得寿命长。若不修福曩昔杀缘则被王害不得长寿故名横死。 经。第三至害其魂魄 三放逸亡魂。言放逸者。依涅槃经第八卷说。谨慎无放逸。是处名甘露。放逸不谨慎是名为死句。若不放逸者。则得不死处。如其放逸者。常趣于死路。若放逸者。名为有法。是有为法为第一苦。不放逸者。则名涅槃。彼涅槃者名为甘露。第一最 现代汉语译本 等量分服甜、酸、油腻之物。患有肺病的人，春天应避免服用油腻辛辣之物。 问：各种疾病的根源是由什么引起的？ 答：饱食之后容易引发肺病，食物消化时容易引发热病，食物消化完毕后容易引发风病。如此，四大（指地、水、火、风四大元素）随着三个时段而发病。 问：各种疾病相互夹杂，饮食上又该如何调理？ 答：风病导致身体虚弱，应以酥油等油腻之物补养。热病应服用泻药，如诃梨勒（一种药材）。应等量服用三种妙药，即甜味药、辛辣药以及酥油等油腻之物。肺病应服用能够催吐的药物。 问：如果风病、热病、肺病等不按时发作，应该如何治疗？ 答：应当听从医生的诊断，根据病情调整饮食和汤药。由于医生误诊，不遵循医方，遇到违逆的因缘，就会非时而死。所以宋本说：有病不治疗，又不修福，汤药不顺，针灸失误，不遇到良医，被疾病所困扰，于是灭亡。又《法华经》第二卷说：如果修行医道，但治疗方法不当，反而会增加其他疾病，甚至导致死亡。如果自己有病，没有人救治，即使服用良药，病情反而加重。所患的病即使很轻，本来不应该死，却突然横死，这是第一种横死。 经：第二横者王法所杀 第二种横死是被王法处死，即无辜遭受王法的刑罚。这种人的寿命是不定业，也是杀生这种增上业的果报。涅槃经说：杀生的人会得到两种果报，一是短命，二是多病。如果遇到顺缘，如修福等资助，就不会遭受王法制裁，可以长寿。如果不修福，过去杀生的因缘就会导致被王法处死，不得长寿，所以称为横死。 经：第三至害其魂魄 第三种横死是放逸而丧失魂魄。所谓放逸，依据《涅槃经》第八卷所说：谨慎不放逸，这个地方叫做甘露。放逸不谨慎，这叫做死亡之路。如果不放逸，就能得到不死之处。如果放逸，常常走向死亡之路。如果放逸，就叫做有法，是有为法，是第一苦。不放逸，就叫做涅槃。那涅槃，叫做甘露，是第一最胜。