Back to the library

t30n1570 shata sastra vaipulya.g2.0f

English

English version Non-Correspondence If the mind is separated from the senses (indriya), then abandoning it should also be useless. If it is thought like this, life should always be without mind. Causing the mind to falsely grasp external objects (visaya), like a flame seen before. Falsely establishing the meaning of phenomena, this should be understood as the aggregate of perception (saṃjñāskandha). The eye (cakṣu), color (rūpa), etc., as conditions, produce various consciousnesses (vijñāna) like an illusion. If one clings to them as truly existent, then the metaphor of illusion is not established. All things in the world, there is nothing that is not difficult to measure. The senses, objects (āyatana), and reasoning are all like this, why should the wise be surprised? Phenomena are like a fire wheel (alātacakra), transformations, dreamlike events, Like the moon in water, comets, echoes, mirages (mṛgatṛṣṇā), and floating clouds. Chapter Six: Refuting Extreme Views If phenomena were truly existent, then they should not arise dependently on others. Since they necessarily arise dependently on others, it is definitely known that they are not truly existent. A pot (ghaṭa) does not exist as the same as color (rūpa), nor does it exist apart from color. Color does not exist dependently on the pot, nor does the pot exist dependently on color. If two different aspects are seen, thinking there is sameness apart from the pot. Since the two aspects have differences, there should be difference apart from the pot. If one (ekatva) is not called a pot, the pot should not be called one. The pot and one never combine, the pot should not have one name. If color pervades reality, color should obtain a great name. If the opponent's argument is not another's, one should expound one's own doctrine. The characteristics (lakṣaṇa) stated by Sāṃkhya and others show that the defined (lakṣya) cannot be established. Apart from these, there is no other reason, so phenomena are not truly existent. Apart from the individual parts, there is no pot, so the essence of the pot is not one. Because each part is not the pot, the essence of the pot is also not many. It is not that the non-tangible (asparśa) combines with the tangible (sapraṭighāta). Therefore, phenomena such as color cannot be combined into a pot. Color is a part of the pot, so the essence of color is not the pot. If a part is non-existent, how can a part exist? The nature of all colors, etc., the aspects of colors, etc., have no difference. Only one kind is a pot, what reason is there for the rest not to be? If color is different from taste, etc., it is not different from the pot, etc. The pot, etc., are the same as taste, etc., why is color the same as the pot, etc.? Since the pot, etc., have no cause, the essence should not be able to produce a result. Therefore, if different from color, etc., the pot, etc., are definitely non-existent. If the cause of the pot, etc., exists, it can

Chinese

为瓶等因  瓶等因既无  如何生瓶等  色等和合时  终不成香等  故和合一体  应如瓶等无  如离于色等  瓶体实为无  色体亦应然  离风等非有  暖即是火性  非暖如何烧  故薪体为无  离此火非有  余暖杂故成  如何不成火  若余不成暖  由火法应无  若火微无薪  应离薪有火  火微有薪者  应无火极微  审观诸法时  无一体实有  一体既非有  多体亦应无  若法更无余  汝谓为一体  诸法皆三性  故一体为无  有非有俱非  一非一双泯  随次应配属  智者达非真  于相续假法  恶见诸真常  积集假法中  邪执言实有  诸法众缘成  性羸无自在  虚假依他立  故我法皆无  果众缘合成  离缘无别果  如是合与果  诸圣达皆无  识为诸有种  境是识所行  见境无我时  诸有种皆灭   破有为相品第七  若本无而生  先无何不起  本有而生者  后有复应生  果若能违因  先无不应理  果立因无用  先有亦不成  此时非有生  彼时亦无生  此彼时无生  何时当有生  如生于自性  生义既为无  于他性亦然  生义何成有  初中后三位  生前定不成  二一既为无 现代汉语译本 为瓶等因 如果瓶子等事物是无因而生的,那么如何产生瓶子等事物呢? 当颜色等要素聚合时,最终也不会产生香味等其他性质。 因此,和合而成的整体,应该像瓶子一样,其自性是空无的。 如果离开了颜色等要素,瓶子的实体实际上是不存在的。 颜色的实体也应该如此,离开了风等要素就不存在。 温暖就是火的性质,没有温暖又如何燃烧呢? 所以薪柴的实体是空无的,离开了薪柴,火也不存在。 如果其他温暖的要素混合在一起,为什么不能形成火呢? 如果其他要素不能形成温暖,那么按照火的法则,火也应该不存在。 如果火的微粒没有薪柴,那么应该离开薪柴而有火。 如果火的微粒有薪柴,那么应该没有火的最小单位。 仔细观察诸法时,没有一个实体是真实存在的。 既然一个实体不存在,那么多个实体也应该不存在。 如果法不再有其他部分,你才认为它是一个整体。 诸法都具有三种性质(有、非有、亦有亦非有),所以一个整体是不存在的。 有、非有、俱非有,一、非一,这两种对立的概念都应该消除。 按照顺序应该这样对应,智者能够领悟到这些都不是真实的。 对于相续的假法,恶见之人会执着于真实和永恒。 在积聚的假法中,错误地执着认为是真实存在的。 诸法由众多因缘和合而成,其自性是虚弱的,没有自主性。 虚假的法依他而立,所以我和法都是空无的。 果由众多因缘和合而成,离开了因缘就没有独立的果。 像这样,和合与果,诸位圣者都领悟到它们是空无的。 识是诸有(bhava)(存在、生命)的种子,境是识所行之处。 当见到境中无我时,诸有的种子就都灭尽了。 《破有为相品》第七 如果本来没有而产生,那么先前没有时为什么不产生呢? 如果本来有而产生,那么后来有又应该再次产生。 如果果能够违背因,那么先前没有就不合道理。 如果果成立了,那么因就没有作用,先前有也不成立。 在这个时候没有产生,在那个时候也没有产生。 这个和那个时候都没有产生,那么什么时候才会有产生呢? 就像产生于自性一样,产生的意义已经不存在了。 对于他性也是如此,产生的意义如何能够成立呢? 在初、中、后三个阶段,产生之前肯定是不成立的。 二和一既然不存在,

English

English version On the Cause of a Jar, and So Forth If a jar, and so forth, arise without a cause, how can a jar, and so forth, arise? When colors, and so forth, come together, they ultimately do not become smells, and so forth. Therefore, a composite entity should be like a jar, and so forth, nonexistent. As apart from colors, and so forth, the entity of a jar is truly nonexistent. The entity of color should also be like that; apart from wind, and so forth, it is nonexistent. Warmth is the nature of fire; without warmth, how can there be burning? Therefore, the entity of fuel is nonexistent; apart from it, fire is nonexistent. If other warmth is mixed in, how can it not become fire? If other things do not become warmth, then according to the law of fire, fire should be nonexistent. If a particle of fire exists without fuel, then fire should exist apart from fuel. If a particle of fire exists with fuel, then there should be no ultimate particle of fire. When examining all phenomena, there is no single entity that truly exists. Since a single entity is nonexistent, then multiple entities should also be nonexistent. If a phenomenon has no other parts, you consider it to be a single entity. All phenomena have three natures (existence, nonexistence, both existence and nonexistence); therefore, a single entity is nonexistent. 'Existence', 'nonexistence', and 'both existence and nonexistence'; 'one' and 'not one'—both pairs should be eliminated. They should be assigned in sequence; the wise realize that these are not real. Regarding the continuous, imputed phenomena, those with wrong views cling to the real and permanent. In the accumulation of imputed phenomena, they wrongly cling to the belief that they are truly existent. All phenomena arise from numerous causes and conditions; their nature is weak and without autonomy. False phenomena are established dependently; therefore, both 'I' (ātman) and phenomena (dharma) are nonexistent. A result arises from the combination of numerous causes and conditions; apart from conditions, there is no separate result. Thus, combination and result are understood by all the noble ones to be nonexistent. Consciousness (vijñāna) is the seed of all existences (bhava), and objects are what consciousness acts upon. When seeing that there is no self (ātman) in objects, the seeds of all existences are extinguished. Chapter Seven: Refuting the Characteristics of the Conditioned If something arises from nothing, why does it not arise when there is nothing beforehand? If something arises from something already existing, then what already exists should arise again. If a result can contradict its cause, then it is unreasonable for it to be nonexistent beforehand. If a result is established, then the cause is useless; it is also not established if it already exists beforehand. At this time, there is no arising; at that time, there is also no arising. If there is no arising at this and that time, then when will there be arising? Just as arising from its own nature, the meaning of arising is nonexistent. It is the same for other natures; how can the meaning of arising be established? In the three stages of beginning, middle, and end, arising is definitely not established before. Since two and one are nonexistent,

Chinese

一一如何有  非离于他性  唯从自性生  非从他及俱  故生定非有  前后及同时  二俱不可说  故生与瓶等  唯假有非真  旧若在新前  前生不应理  旧若居新后  后生理不成  现非因现起  亦非因去来  未来亦不因  去来今世起  若具即无来  既灭应非往  法体相如是  幻等喻非虚  生住灭三相  同时有不成  前后亦为无  如何执为有  若生等诸相  复有别生等  应住灭如生  或生住如灭  所相异能相  何为体非常  不异四应同  或复全非有  有不生有法  有不生无法  无不生有法  无不生无法  有不成有法  有不成无法  无不成有法  无不成无法  半生半未生  非一生时体  或以未生位  应亦是生时  生时若是果  体即非生时  生时若自然  应失生时性  已生异未生  别有中间位  生时异二位  应别有中间  若谓生时舍  方得已生时  是则应有余  得时而可见  若至已生位  理必无生时  已生有生时  云何从彼起  未至已生位  若立为生时  何不谓无瓶  未生无别故  非生时有用  能简未生时  亦非体未圆  别于已生位  前位生时无  后位方言有  兼成 现代汉语译本 一一如何存在? 如果不是脱离于其他事物(他性),仅仅是从自身本性(自性)产生,不是从其他事物以及自身和他物共同产生,那么‘生’(产生)必定是不存在的。 在时间上,无论是‘前’(先前)、‘后’(之后)还是‘同时’,都不能同时成立。因此,‘生’(产生)和瓶子等事物一样,只是假象的存在,并非真实。 如果旧的事物在新事物之前,那么先前的事物产生是不合理的;如果旧的事物在新事物之后,那么之后的事物产生是不可能成立的。 现在的事物不是由现在的事物产生的,也不是由过去或未来的事物产生的。未来也不是由过去、未来或现在的事物产生的。 如果已经具备,就不会有‘来’(未来);如果已经灭亡,就不应该有‘往’(过去)。事物的本体和现象就是这样,如幻象一般的比喻并非虚假。 ‘生’(产生)、‘住’(存在)、‘灭’(消亡)这三种状态,同时存在是不可能成立的;在时间上先后存在也是不可能的,怎么能执着地认为它们是存在的呢? 如果‘生’(产生)等现象,还有其他的‘生’(产生)等现象,那么‘住’(存在)和‘灭’(消亡)应该像‘生’(产生)一样,或者‘生’(产生)和‘住’(存在)应该像‘灭’(消亡)一样。 被‘相’(现象)所区分的事物和能区分‘相’(现象)的事物,为什么本体不是永恒的呢?如果不区分,那么四者应该相同,或者完全不存在。 已存在的事物不会产生已存在的事物,已存在的事物不会产生不存在的事物;不存在的事物不会产生已存在的事物,不存在的事物不会产生不存在的事物。 已存在的事物不能成为已存在的事物,已存在的事物不能成为不存在的事物;不存在的事物不能成为已存在的事物,不存在的事物不能成为不存在的事物。 一半产生一半未产生,不是一个产生时的状态。或者以未产生的状态,也应该是产生时的状态。 产生时如果是结果,那么本体就不是产生时。产生时如果是自然而然的,那么就应该失去产生时的性质。 已产生和未产生是不同的,存在一个中间状态。产生时和这两种状态不同,应该存在一个中间状态。 如果说产生时舍弃了,才能得到已产生时,那么就应该有剩余,在得到的时候可以看见。 如果到达已产生的状态,那么道理上一定没有产生时。已产生的事物有产生时,怎么能从那里产生呢? 如果未到达已产生的状态,就设立为产生时,为什么不说没有瓶子呢?因为未产生没有区别。 不是产生时有用处,能够区分未产生时;也不是本体未圆满,区别于已产生状态。 前一个状态产生时没有,后一个状态才说有,兼顾成立。