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English version Non-Correspondence If the mind is separated from the senses (indriya), then abandoning it should also be useless. If it is thought like this, life should always be without mind. Causing the mind to falsely grasp external objects (visaya), like a flame seen before. Falsely establishing the meaning of phenomena, this should be understood as the aggregate of perception (saṃjñāskandha). The eye (cakṣu), color (rūpa), etc., as conditions, produce various consciousnesses (vijñāna) like an illusion. If one clings to them as truly existent, then the metaphor of illusion is not established. All things in the world, there is nothing that is not difficult to measure. The senses, objects (āyatana), and reasoning are all like this, why should the wise be surprised? Phenomena are like a fire wheel (alātacakra), transformations, dreamlike events, Like the moon in water, comets, echoes, mirages (mṛgatṛṣṇā), and floating clouds. Chapter Six: Refuting Extreme Views If phenomena were truly existent, then they should not arise dependently on others. Since they necessarily arise dependently on others, it is definitely known that they are not truly existent. A pot (ghaṭa) does not exist as the same as color (rūpa), nor does it exist apart from color. Color does not exist dependently on the pot, nor does the pot exist dependently on color. If two different aspects are seen, thinking there is sameness apart from the pot. Since the two aspects have differences, there should be difference apart from the pot. If one (ekatva) is not called a pot, the pot should not be called one. The pot and one never combine, the pot should not have one name. If color pervades reality, color should obtain a great name. If the opponent's argument is not another's, one should expound one's own doctrine. The characteristics (lakṣaṇa) stated by Sāṃkhya and others show that the defined (lakṣya) cannot be established. Apart from these, there is no other reason, so phenomena are not truly existent. Apart from the individual parts, there is no pot, so the essence of the pot is not one. Because each part is not the pot, the essence of the pot is also not many. It is not that the non-tangible (asparśa) combines with the tangible (sapraṭighāta). Therefore, phenomena such as color cannot be combined into a pot. Color is a part of the pot, so the essence of color is not the pot. If a part is non-existent, how can a part exist? The nature of all colors, etc., the aspects of colors, etc., have no difference. Only one kind is a pot, what reason is there for the rest not to be? If color is different from taste, etc., it is not different from the pot, etc. The pot, etc., are the same as taste, etc., why is color the same as the pot, etc.? Since the pot, etc., have no cause, the essence should not be able to produce a result. Therefore, if different from color, etc., the pot, etc., are definitely non-existent. If the cause of the pot, etc., exists, it can
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为瓶等因 瓶等因既无 如何生瓶等 色等和合时 终不成香等 故和合一体 应如瓶等无 如离于色等 瓶体实为无 色体亦应然 离风等非有 暖即是火性 非暖如何烧 故薪体为无 离此火非有 余暖杂故成 如何不成火 若余不成暖 由火法应无 若火微无薪 应离薪有火 火微有薪者 应无火极微 审观诸法时 无一体实有 一体既非有 多体亦应无 若法更无余 汝谓为一体 诸法皆三性 故一体为无 有非有俱非 一非一双泯 随次应配属 智者达非真 于相续假法 恶见诸真常 积集假法中 邪执言实有 诸法众缘成 性羸无自在 虚假依他立 故我法皆无 果众缘合成 离缘无别果 如是合与果 诸圣达皆无 识为诸有种 境是识所行 见境无我时 诸有种皆灭 破有为相品第七 若本无而生 先无何不起 本有而生者 后有复应生 果若能违因 先无不应理 果立因无用 先有亦不成 此时非有生 彼时亦无生 此彼时无生 何时当有生 如生于自性 生义既为无 于他性亦然 生义何成有 初中后三位 生前定不成 二一既为无 现代汉语译本 为瓶等因 如果瓶子等事物是无因而生的,那么如何产生瓶子等事物呢? 当颜色等要素聚合时,最终也不会产生香味等其他性质。 因此,和合而成的整体,应该像瓶子一样,其自性是空无的。 如果离开了颜色等要素,瓶子的实体实际上是不存在的。 颜色的实体也应该如此,离开了风等要素就不存在。 温暖就是火的性质,没有温暖又如何燃烧呢? 所以薪柴的实体是空无的,离开了薪柴,火也不存在。 如果其他温暖的要素混合在一起,为什么不能形成火呢? 如果其他要素不能形成温暖,那么按照火的法则,火也应该不存在。 如果火的微粒没有薪柴,那么应该离开薪柴而有火。 如果火的微粒有薪柴,那么应该没有火的最小单位。 仔细观察诸法时,没有一个实体是真实存在的。 既然一个实体不存在,那么多个实体也应该不存在。 如果法不再有其他部分,你才认为它是一个整体。 诸法都具有三种性质(有、非有、亦有亦非有),所以一个整体是不存在的。 有、非有、俱非有,一、非一,这两种对立的概念都应该消除。 按照顺序应该这样对应,智者能够领悟到这些都不是真实的。 对于相续的假法,恶见之人会执着于真实和永恒。 在积聚的假法中,错误地执着认为是真实存在的。 诸法由众多因缘和合而成,其自性是虚弱的,没有自主性。 虚假的法依他而立,所以我和法都是空无的。 果由众多因缘和合而成,离开了因缘就没有独立的果。 像这样,和合与果,诸位圣者都领悟到它们是空无的。 识是诸有(bhava)(存在、生命)的种子,境是识所行之处。 当见到境中无我时,诸有的种子就都灭尽了。 《破有为相品》第七 如果本来没有而产生,那么先前没有时为什么不产生呢? 如果本来有而产生,那么后来有又应该再次产生。 如果果能够违背因,那么先前没有就不合道理。 如果果成立了,那么因就没有作用,先前有也不成立。 在这个时候没有产生,在那个时候也没有产生。 这个和那个时候都没有产生,那么什么时候才会有产生呢? 就像产生于自性一样,产生的意义已经不存在了。 对于他性也是如此,产生的意义如何能够成立呢? 在初、中、后三个阶段,产生之前肯定是不成立的。 二和一既然不存在,
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English version On the Cause of a Jar, and So Forth If a jar, and so forth, arise without a cause, how can a jar, and so forth, arise? When colors, and so forth, come together, they ultimately do not become smells, and so forth. Therefore, a composite entity should be like a jar, and so forth, nonexistent. As apart from colors, and so forth, the entity of a jar is truly nonexistent. The entity of color should also be like that; apart from wind, and so forth, it is nonexistent. Warmth is the nature of fire; without warmth, how can there be burning? Therefore, the entity of fuel is nonexistent; apart from it, fire is nonexistent. If other warmth is mixed in, how can it not become fire? If other things do not become warmth, then according to the law of fire, fire should be nonexistent. If a particle of fire exists without fuel, then fire should exist apart from fuel. If a particle of fire exists with fuel, then there should be no ultimate particle of fire. When examining all phenomena, there is no single entity that truly exists. Since a single entity is nonexistent, then multiple entities should also be nonexistent. If a phenomenon has no other parts, you consider it to be a single entity. All phenomena have three natures (existence, nonexistence, both existence and nonexistence); therefore, a single entity is nonexistent. 'Existence', 'nonexistence', and 'both existence and nonexistence'; 'one' and 'not one'—both pairs should be eliminated. They should be assigned in sequence; the wise realize that these are not real. Regarding the continuous, imputed phenomena, those with wrong views cling to the real and permanent. In the accumulation of imputed phenomena, they wrongly cling to the belief that they are truly existent. All phenomena arise from numerous causes and conditions; their nature is weak and without autonomy. False phenomena are established dependently; therefore, both 'I' (ātman) and phenomena (dharma) are nonexistent. A result arises from the combination of numerous causes and conditions; apart from conditions, there is no separate result. Thus, combination and result are understood by all the noble ones to be nonexistent. Consciousness (vijñāna) is the seed of all existences (bhava), and objects are what consciousness acts upon. When seeing that there is no self (ātman) in objects, the seeds of all existences are extinguished. Chapter Seven: Refuting the Characteristics of the Conditioned If something arises from nothing, why does it not arise when there is nothing beforehand? If something arises from something already existing, then what already exists should arise again. If a result can contradict its cause, then it is unreasonable for it to be nonexistent beforehand. If a result is established, then the cause is useless; it is also not established if it already exists beforehand. At this time, there is no arising; at that time, there is also no arising. If there is no arising at this and that time, then when will there be arising? Just as arising from its own nature, the meaning of arising is nonexistent. It is the same for other natures; how can the meaning of arising be established? In the three stages of beginning, middle, and end, arising is definitely not established before. Since two and one are nonexistent,
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一一如何有 非离于他性 唯从自性生 非从他及俱 故生定非有 前后及同时 二俱不可说 故生与瓶等 唯假有非真 旧若在新前 前生不应理 旧若居新后 后生理不成 现非因现起 亦非因去来 未来亦不因 去来今世起 若具即无来 既灭应非往 法体相如是 幻等喻非虚 生住灭三相 同时有不成 前后亦为无 如何执为有 若生等诸相 复有别生等 应住灭如生 或生住如灭 所相异能相 何为体非常 不异四应同 或复全非有 有不生有法 有不生无法 无不生有法 无不生无法 有不成有法 有不成无法 无不成有法 无不成无法 半生半未生 非一生时体 或以未生位 应亦是生时 生时若是果 体即非生时 生时若自然 应失生时性 已生异未生 别有中间位 生时异二位 应别有中间 若谓生时舍 方得已生时 是则应有余 得时而可见 若至已生位 理必无生时 已生有生时 云何从彼起 未至已生位 若立为生时 何不谓无瓶 未生无别故 非生时有用 能简未生时 亦非体未圆 别于已生位 前位生时无 后位方言有 兼成 现代汉语译本 一一如何存在? 如果不是脱离于其他事物(他性),仅仅是从自身本性(自性)产生,不是从其他事物以及自身和他物共同产生,那么‘生’(产生)必定是不存在的。 在时间上,无论是‘前’(先前)、‘后’(之后)还是‘同时’,都不能同时成立。因此,‘生’(产生)和瓶子等事物一样,只是假象的存在,并非真实。 如果旧的事物在新事物之前,那么先前的事物产生是不合理的;如果旧的事物在新事物之后,那么之后的事物产生是不可能成立的。 现在的事物不是由现在的事物产生的,也不是由过去或未来的事物产生的。未来也不是由过去、未来或现在的事物产生的。 如果已经具备,就不会有‘来’(未来);如果已经灭亡,就不应该有‘往’(过去)。事物的本体和现象就是这样,如幻象一般的比喻并非虚假。 ‘生’(产生)、‘住’(存在)、‘灭’(消亡)这三种状态,同时存在是不可能成立的;在时间上先后存在也是不可能的,怎么能执着地认为它们是存在的呢? 如果‘生’(产生)等现象,还有其他的‘生’(产生)等现象,那么‘住’(存在)和‘灭’(消亡)应该像‘生’(产生)一样,或者‘生’(产生)和‘住’(存在)应该像‘灭’(消亡)一样。 被‘相’(现象)所区分的事物和能区分‘相’(现象)的事物,为什么本体不是永恒的呢?如果不区分,那么四者应该相同,或者完全不存在。 已存在的事物不会产生已存在的事物,已存在的事物不会产生不存在的事物;不存在的事物不会产生已存在的事物,不存在的事物不会产生不存在的事物。 已存在的事物不能成为已存在的事物,已存在的事物不能成为不存在的事物;不存在的事物不能成为已存在的事物,不存在的事物不能成为不存在的事物。 一半产生一半未产生,不是一个产生时的状态。或者以未产生的状态,也应该是产生时的状态。 产生时如果是结果,那么本体就不是产生时。产生时如果是自然而然的,那么就应该失去产生时的性质。 已产生和未产生是不同的,存在一个中间状态。产生时和这两种状态不同,应该存在一个中间状态。 如果说产生时舍弃了,才能得到已产生时,那么就应该有剩余,在得到的时候可以看见。 如果到达已产生的状态,那么道理上一定没有产生时。已产生的事物有产生时,怎么能从那里产生呢? 如果未到达已产生的状态,就设立为产生时,为什么不说没有瓶子呢?因为未产生没有区别。 不是产生时有用处,能够区分未产生时;也不是本体未圆满,区别于已产生状态。 前一个状态产生时没有,后一个状态才说有,兼顾成立。