English
English version (Question): What is the reason some people are content with little? (Answer): It is because they are complacent and unenterprising. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world have neither wisdom nor practice? (Answer): It is because they are unable to seek the true Dharma (正法, Buddhist teachings) extensively, nor can they deeply observe the principles of things. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world have both practice and wisdom? (Answer): It is because they extensively seek the true Dharma and are able to deeply observe the principles of things. That is how it is. (Question): How can one uphold the true Dharma? (Answer): If someone can, within the characteristics of all dharmas (諸法, phenomena), rely on the twelve sources (十二處法, dvādaśāyatana, the six sense organs and their corresponding six objects) and skillfully embrace them, then they can uphold the true Dharma. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world are forgetful? (Answer): If someone accumulates and increases unwholesome dharmas, cultivates and practices them closely, and widely creates evil deeds, after their body breaks and life ends, they will fall into the evil realms of hell. After being born in hell and dying, if they wish to be reborn among humans, even if they obtain a human body, their lifespan will be short. After dying among humans, when they are reborn, they will still have poor memory and be prone to forgetting things. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world have good memory? (Answer): If someone accumulates and increases wholesome dharmas, cultivates and practices them closely, and widely performs good deeds, after their body breaks and life ends, they will fall into the good realms of heaven. After being born in heaven and dying, if they wish to be reborn among humans, they will obtain a human body and have a long lifespan. After dying among humans, when they are reborn, they will still have good memory and will not easily forget things. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world have deep and extreme afflictions? (Answer): If someone frequently cultivates and practices thoughts of desire (欲想, kāma-saṃkalpa), thoughts of anger (瞋想, vyāpāda-saṃkalpa), thoughts of harm (害想, vihiṃsā-saṃkalpa), and the causes of desire (欲因, kāma-hetu), the causes of anger (瞋因, vyāpāda-hetu), the causes of harm (害因, vihiṃsā-hetu), as well as thoughts arising from desire (欲尋, kāma-vitarka), thoughts arising from anger (瞋尋, vyāpāda-vitarka), thoughts arising from harm (害尋, vihiṃsā-vitarka), they will turn in accordance with extreme afflictions. That is how it is. (Question): What is the reason some people in the world do not have extreme afflictions? (Answer): If someone has thoughts of renunciation (出離想, naikṣamya-saṃkalpa), thoughts of non-anger (不瞋想, avyāpāda-saṃkalpa), thoughts of non-harm (不害想, avihiṃsā-saṃkalpa)... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
出离因、不瞋因、不害因、出离寻、不瞋寻、不害寻，近习修作，于极烦恼不随应转。由此因故，其事如是。 又问：何因世有不能速成禅定、忍辱二善法者？答：谓若有人于其诸法行相决定义中不善摄受。由此因故，不能速成禅定、忍辱二种善法。 又问：何因有能速成禅定：忍辱二种善法者？答：谓若有人于其诸法行相决定义中能善摄受。由此因故，即能速成禅定、忍辱二种善法。◎ ◎对法大论中因施设门第十之一 总说颂曰： 须弥大地及方处， 山有广多草木者， 多树及彼枝叶多， 花果丰盈茂盛等。 又问：何因一切山中，须弥山王最高最胜？答：世界成，时彼须弥山界地最上、处迳最上、殊妙最上、轮围最上，总聚方处而成其山。由此因故，须弥山王最高最胜。 又问：何因北方地界多树多草？答：世界成时，北面风吹，界地最上、处迳最上、殊妙最上，总聚方处，是故北方多树多草。 又问：何因于大地中，一类地高、一类地下？答：此大地中，一类地方土界高涌，得少天雨流润澍渧，其下低陷故彼地下。又此大地，一类地方而有诸宝，谓铁白铜、白镴黑镴及金银等，并余所有坚硬之物藏伏地中。虽天雨澍渧，其下不陷，故彼地高。由此因 现代汉语译本： 出离因（Nissarana-hetu，导致解脱的原因）、不瞋因（Abyapada-hetu，不嗔恨的原因）、不害因（Avihimsa-hetu，不伤害的原因）、出离寻（Nissarana-vitakka，导致解脱的思考）、不瞋寻（Abyapada-vitakka，不嗔恨的思考）、不害寻（Avihimsa-vitakka，不伤害的思考），通过经常练习和修习，对于极度的烦恼不会随之而转。因为这些原因，事情就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致世间有人不能迅速成就禅定（Samadhi，专注的状态）和忍辱（Ksanti，忍耐）这两种善法？答：如果有人对于诸法的行相和决定义不能很好地理解和接受。因为这个原因，就不能迅速成就禅定和忍辱这两种善法。 又问：什么原因导致有人能够迅速成就禅定和忍辱这两种善法？答：如果有人对于诸法的行相和决定义能够很好地理解和接受。因为这个原因，就能迅速成就禅定和忍辱这两种善法。 《对法大论》中因施设门第十之一 总说颂曰： 须弥山（Sumeru，佛教宇宙观中的圣山）、大地以及方位处所， 山上有广阔繁多的草木， 众多的树木以及它们繁茂的枝叶， 花朵和果实丰盈茂盛等等。 又问：什么原因导致一切山中，须弥山王最高最殊胜？答：世界形成的时候，须弥山的地界最上，所处的位置最上，殊妙之处最上，轮围（Cakravada，围绕世界的山脉）最上，总聚方位处所而形成这座山。因为这个原因，须弥山王最高最殊胜。 又问：什么原因导致北方地界多树多草？答：世界形成的时候，北面有风吹拂，地界最上，所处的位置最上，殊妙之处最上，总聚方位处所，所以北方多树多草。 又问：什么原因导致在大地中，有些地方高，有些地方低？答：在这大地中，有些地方的土界高高隆起，得到少量的雨水滋润，而低陷的地方则低于高处。另外，在这大地中，有些地方蕴藏着各种宝物，比如铁、白铜、白镴、黑镴以及金银等，还有其他所有坚硬的物体埋藏在地下。即使有雨水降落，这些地方也不会下陷，所以这些地方高。因为这些原因
English
English version: The cause of detachment (Nissarana-hetu, the cause leading to liberation), the cause of non-anger (Abyapada-hetu, the cause of non-hatred), the cause of non-harm (Avihimsa-hetu, the cause of non-harming), the thought of detachment (Nissarana-vitakka, the thought leading to liberation), the thought of non-anger (Abyapada-vitakka, the thought of non-hatred), the thought of non-harm (Avihimsa-vitakka, the thought of non-harming), through frequent practice and cultivation, one does not follow and turn with extreme afflictions. Because of these causes, things are as they are. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the cause for why some people in the world cannot quickly achieve the two good qualities of meditative concentration (Samadhi, a state of focused concentration) and patience (Ksanti, forbearance)? The answer is: If someone does not skillfully grasp and accept the characteristics and definitive meanings of all dharmas. Because of this cause, they cannot quickly achieve the two good qualities of meditative concentration and patience. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the cause for why some people can quickly achieve the two good qualities of meditative concentration and patience? The answer is: If someone can skillfully grasp and accept the characteristics and definitive meanings of all dharmas. Because of this cause, they can quickly achieve the two good qualities of meditative concentration and patience. Chapter Ten, Section One, on the Establishment of Causes in the *Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra*. Summary Verse: Mount Sumeru (Sumeru, the sacred mountain in Buddhist cosmology), the great earth, and the directions and places, Mountains with vast and numerous grasses and trees, Numerous trees and their abundant branches and leaves, Flowers and fruits abundant and flourishing, and so on. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the cause for why, among all mountains, Mount Sumeru is the highest and most supreme? The answer is: When the world was formed, the boundary of Mount Sumeru was the highest, the location was the highest, the exquisiteness was the highest, the surrounding mountains (Cakravada, the mountain range surrounding the world) were the highest, and it gathered together all directions and places to form this mountain. Because of this cause, Mount Sumeru is the highest and most supreme. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the cause for why the northern region has many trees and grasses? The answer is: When the world was formed, the wind blew from the north, the boundary was the highest, the location was the highest, the exquisiteness was the highest, and it gathered together all directions and places, therefore the north has many trees and grasses. Furthermore, it is asked: What is the cause for why, in the great earth, some places are high and some places are low? The answer is: In this great earth, some places have earth boundaries that rise high, receiving little rainfall for irrigation, while the low-lying places are lower than the high places. Also, in this great earth, some places contain various treasures, such as iron, white copper, white tin, black tin, and gold and silver, as well as all other hard objects buried in the ground. Even if there is rainfall, these places do not sink, so these places are high. Because of these causes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 故，大地方处有高有下。
Chinese
又问：何因众山之中，一类山高、一类山低？答：谓世界成时，有极猛风鼓地大种，总聚而高。若复微风吹鼓，少聚地种，故彼山低。又复诸山地界高涌，得少天雨流润澍渧，其下低陷，故彼山低。有一类山，而有诸宝，谓铁白铜、白镴黑镴及金银等，并余所有坚硬之物藏伏山下。虽天雨澍渧，其地不陷，故彼山高。由此因故，大地方处山有高低。◎ 施设论卷第五 大正藏第 26 册 No. 1538 施设论 施设论卷第六 译经三藏朝散大夫试光禄卿光梵大师赐紫沙门臣惟净等奉 诏译 ◎对法大论中因施设门第十之二 又问：何因有一类山多树多草，有一类山少树少草？答：谓一类山下有龙宫，故多树草。有一类山下无龙宫，故少树草。 又复有山，土界高涌，故多树草。又复有山，多诸宝物，谓金银铜铁、赤土白土藏伏山下，故少树草。又复有山，下有各别地狱居处，故少树草。又复山下无别地狱，故多树草。由此因故，其事如是。 又问：何因有一类树其状极大，一类不大？答：谓有地方，地界温暖、水界增涌、火界调顺、风界稳平，故树极大。谓有地方，地不温暖、水不增涌、火不调顺、风不稳平，故树不大。由此 现代汉语译本 因此，大的地方有的地方高，有的地方低。 又问：什么原因导致众山之中，有的山高，有的山低？答：当世界形成时，有极其猛烈的风鼓动地大种（Bhuta-prakriti，构成物质世界的元素），聚集在一起就形成了高山。如果只是微风吹动，聚集的地大种较少，所以那里的山就低矮。还有一些山，因为地界高高隆起，得到少量的天雨滋润，其下方便会低陷，所以那里的山就低矮。有一类山，蕴藏着各种宝物，如铁、白铜、白镴、黑镴以及金银等，还有其他所有坚硬的物体都藏在山下。即使天降雨水，那里的土地也不会塌陷，所以那里的山就高。由于这些原因，大的地方有的地方高，有的地方低。 《施设论》卷第五 大正藏第26册 No. 1538 《施设论》 《施设论》卷第六 译经三藏朝散大夫试光禄卿光梵大师赐紫沙门臣惟净等奉 诏译 ◎对法大论中因施设门第十之二 又问：什么原因导致有的山多树多草，有的山少树少草？答：因为有的山下有龙宫（Naga-bhavana，龙族居住的宫殿），所以多树多草。有的山下没有龙宫，所以少树少草。 还有的山，因为土界高高隆起，所以多树多草。还有的山，蕴藏着各种宝物，如金银铜铁、赤土白土藏在山下，所以少树少草。还有的山，下面有各自不同的地狱居处（Naraka-sthana，地狱众生居住的地方），所以少树少草。还有的山下没有其他地狱，所以多树多草。由于这些原因，情况就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致有的树长得非常高大，有的树长不大？答：因为有的地方，地界温暖、水界充沛、火界调和、风界稳定，所以树木长得非常高大。有的地方，地界不温暖、水界不充沛、火界不调和、风界不稳定，所以树木长不大。由于这些原因。
English
English version Therefore, in a large place, some areas are high and some are low. Question: What causes some mountains to be high and others low among all the mountains? Answer: When the world was formed, there were extremely strong winds that stirred up the earth element (Bhuta-prakriti), and gathering together, they formed high mountains. If there was only a gentle breeze stirring, gathering less of the earth element, then those mountains would be low. Also, some mountains are high because the earth element rises high, receiving little rainwater to moisten them, and the lower areas sink, so those mountains are low. There are some mountains that contain various treasures, such as iron, white copper, white tin, black tin, and gold and silver, as well as all other hard objects hidden beneath the mountains. Even if it rains, the land does not sink, so those mountains are high. Due to these reasons, in a large place, some areas are high and some are low. Shishe Lun (Treatise on Establishment), Volume 5 Taisho Tripitaka, Volume 26, No. 1538, Shishe Lun Shishe Lun (Treatise on Establishment), Volume 6 Translated by Tripitaka Master Chao San Da Fu Shi Guanglu Qing Guang Fan, Shramana Wei Jing, etc., by Imperial Decree ◎ Section 2 of Chapter 10, on the Establishment of Causes, in the Great Treatise on Dharma Question: What causes some mountains to have many trees and much grass, while others have few trees and little grass? Answer: Because some mountains have Naga-bhavana (dragon palaces) beneath them, they have many trees and much grass. Some mountains do not have Naga-bhavana beneath them, so they have few trees and little grass. Also, some mountains have much earth element rising high, so they have many trees and much grass. Also, some mountains contain various treasures, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, red earth, and white earth hidden beneath them, so they have few trees and little grass. Also, some mountains have separate Naraka-sthana (hell realms) beneath them, so they have few trees and little grass. Also, some mountains do not have separate hells beneath them, so they have many trees and much grass. Due to these reasons, the situation is as it is. Question: What causes some trees to grow very large, while others do not grow large? Answer: Because some places have warm earth element, abundant water element, harmonious fire element, and stable wind element, the trees grow very large. Some places do not have warm earth element, abundant water element, harmonious fire element, and stable wind element, so the trees do not grow large. Due to these reasons. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 因故，其事如是。