English
English version: Someone answers: 'This has no continuity.' Why is that? It is because of not understanding. In ignorance (avidyā), beings arise with the thought: 'Was I existent or non-existent in the past?' If I was existent in the past, this is permanence (nitya). If I was non-existent in the past, this is annihilation (uccheda). Then, do the formations (saṃskāra) have a cause? If those formations previously had a cause, then those formations previously had no cause. Therefore, if one can understand the beginning of the past (pūrvānta), one will realize that the formations originally have no cause. Furthermore, it is asked: Why is it that when someone who has not abandoned desire (vītarāga) approaches extinction (nirvāṇa), and their body is cremated, there is a pervasive foul odor (aśuci); while when someone who has abandoned desire is cremated, there is no pervasive foul odor? The answer: Those who have not abandoned desire have impure essence and blood flowing out from their bodies. Because of this outflow, when the body is cremated, the wind carries the foul odor, causing it to pervade, preventing the powerful devas (deva, gods) from diligently making offerings. Why is that? Because the foul odor has not dissipated. Those who have abandoned desire, when approaching extinction, have no impure essence and blood flowing out from their bodies. Because there is no outflow, when the body is cremated, there is no foul odor, so the powerful devas all come diligently to make offerings. Why is that? Because there is no foul odor. Furthermore, it is asked: Why is it that when someone who has not abandoned desire approaches extinction, their body is hard and heavy and not harmonious; while when someone who has abandoned desire approaches extinction, their body is harmonious and not hard and heavy? The answer: For those who have not abandoned desire, the upper winds blow and inflate, entering their body, making it hard and heavy and not harmonious. For those who have abandoned desire, when approaching extinction, they stop and restrain the external winds, and their body becomes harmonious and not hard and heavy. Because of this cause, it is like this. Śāsana Śāstra, Volume 4 Taisho Tripitaka Volume 26, No. 1538, Śāsana Śāstra Śāsana Śāstra, Volume 5 Translated by the Tripitaka Master Chao San Da Fu Shi Guang Lu Qing Guang Fan, the Purple-Robed Śrāmaṇa Wei Jing, and others, under imperial decree. From the Chapter on the Establishment of Causes in the Great Treatise on Abhidharma, Eighth of Two Furthermore, it is asked: Why is it that those who have not abandoned desire... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
者当趣灭时，上风吹鼓内入其身；已离欲者当趣灭时，无上风吹鼓内入其身？答：未离欲者当趣灭时，外心生起，住着奔流，风吹目开，心周遍故其风不止，是故上风吹鼓内入其身。已离欲者当趣灭时，无外心生起住着奔流，无风所吹目不开合，无心周遍其风乃止，是故无上风吹鼓内入其身。由此因故，其事如是。 又问：何因人命存活，身体轻安而复调畅；命既终殁，身体坚重而不调畅。答：其终殁者，边际分位火界风界二界俱灭，是故坚重而不调畅。彼存活者，中间分位火界风界二界不灭，是故轻安而复调畅。由此因故，其事如是。 又问：何因人命存活，现住世间，饮食销散；既终殁已，食不销散？答：人命存活现住世者，中间分位火界水界风界不灭，由彼水界流润、火界成熟、风界吹鼓，故其所食而乃销散。彼终殁者，边际分位水界火界风界俱灭，以其所食，水不流润、火不成熟、风不吹鼓，故不销散。由此因故，其事如是。 又问：何因人命存活，现住世间，身无秽气；既终殁已；秽气充盈？答：人命存活现住世者，中间分位火界风界二界不灭，随逐水界而得盈满，是故彼身无诸秽气。既终殁已，边际分位火界风界二界俱灭，不随水界而得盈满，是故彼身乃有秽气。由此因故，其事如是 现代汉语译本：有人将要去世时，强烈的业风会吹动并进入他的身体；已经脱离欲望的人将要去世时，没有强烈的业风吹动并进入他的身体吗？回答：没有脱离欲望的人将要去世时，外在的心念生起，执着于奔流不息的念头，（业）风吹得眼睛睁开，因为心念周遍散布，所以（业）风不会停止，因此强烈的业风会吹动并进入他的身体。已经脱离欲望的人将要去世时，没有外在的心念生起，没有执着于奔流不息的念头，没有（业）风吹动，眼睛不会睁开或闭合，没有心念周遍散布，（业）风自然停止，因此没有强烈的业风吹动并进入他的身体。因为这个原因，事情就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致人在存活时，身体轻盈安适且调和畅顺；生命终结死亡后，身体却变得僵硬沉重且不调和畅顺？回答：生命终结死亡的人，在生命的尽头，地、水、火、风四界中的火界和风界都已消灭，因此身体僵硬沉重且不调和畅顺。而存活的人，在生命的过程中，火界和风界没有消灭，因此身体轻盈安适且调和畅顺。因为这个原因，事情就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致人在存活、居住在世间时，饮食能够被消化；而死亡之后，食物却不能被消化？回答：人在存活、居住在世间时，在生命的过程中，火界（Tejas-dhatu，热能）、水界（Apo-dhatu，液体）和风界（Vayo-dhatu，气体）没有消灭，由于水界的流动滋润、火界的热能成熟、风界的吹动鼓荡，所以他所吃的食物才能够被消化。而死亡的人，在生命的尽头，水界、火界和风界都已消灭，因为他所吃的食物，没有水的流动滋润、没有火的热能成熟、没有风的吹动鼓荡，所以不能被消化。因为这个原因，事情就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致人在存活、居住在世间时，身体没有污秽的气味；而死亡之后，污秽的气味却充满全身？回答：人在存活、居住在世间时，在生命的过程中，火界和风界没有消灭，随着水界的流动而得到盈满，因此他的身体没有各种污秽的气味。而死亡之后，在生命的尽头，火界和风界都已消灭，不能随着水界的流动而得到盈满，因此他的身体才有污秽的气味。因为这个原因，事情就是这样。
English
English version: When someone is about to pass away, a strong karma wind blows and enters their body; when someone who has detached from desire is about to pass away, does no strong karma wind blow and enter their body? Answer: When someone who has not detached from desire is about to pass away, external thoughts arise, clinging to the flow of thoughts, the (karma) wind blows the eyes open, because the mind is pervasive, the (karma) wind does not stop, therefore a strong karma wind blows and enters their body. When someone who has detached from desire is about to pass away, no external thoughts arise, no clinging to the flow of thoughts, no (karma) wind blows, the eyes do not open or close, no mind is pervasive, the (karma) wind naturally stops, therefore no strong karma wind blows and enters their body. Because of this reason, things are like this. Again asked: What causes a person to be light, comfortable, and harmonious when alive; but after death, the body becomes stiff, heavy, and disharmonious? Answer: Those who have died, at the end of life, the fire element (Tejas-dhatu) and wind element (Vayo-dhatu) among the four elements of earth, water, fire, and wind are extinguished, therefore the body is stiff, heavy, and disharmonious. Those who are alive, in the middle of life, the fire element and wind element are not extinguished, therefore the body is light, comfortable, and harmonious. Because of this reason, things are like this. Again asked: What causes a person to digest food when alive and living in the world; but after death, food cannot be digested? Answer: When a person is alive and living in the world, in the middle of life, the fire element (Tejas-dhatu, heat energy), water element (Apo-dhatu, liquid), and wind element (Vayo-dhatu, gas) are not extinguished, because of the water element's flow and moisture, the fire element's heat and maturity, and the wind element's blowing and stirring, the food they eat can be digested. Those who have died, at the end of life, the water element, fire element, and wind element are all extinguished, because the food they eat lacks the water's flow and moisture, the fire's heat and maturity, and the wind's blowing and stirring, it cannot be digested. Because of this reason, things are like this. Again asked: What causes a person to have no foul odor when alive and living in the world; but after death, the body is filled with foul odor? Answer: When a person is alive and living in the world, in the middle of life, the fire element and wind element are not extinguished, and they are filled along with the flow of the water element, therefore their body has no foul odor. After death, at the end of life, the fire element and wind element are all extinguished, and they cannot be filled along with the flow of the water element, therefore their body has a foul odor. Because of this reason, things are like this. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。
Chinese
又问：何因人命存活，现住世间，出息入息而常随转；彼终殁者，其事不然？答：命存活者，以思惟发悟故依止于思，是故存活出入息转。既终殁者，无所思故，其事如是。 又问：何因彼训狐鸟，夜见昼不见？答：彼训狐鸟，目中瞳人其状赤色，夜中无障、昼即有障，是故夜见而昼不见。 又问：何因人能昼见夜乃不见？答：人之目中瞳人，其状黑色，昼乃无障、夜即有障，是故昼见而夜不见。 又问：何因犬马夜见昼亦能见？答：犬马目中瞳人黄色，昼夜无障，是故俱见。 又问：何因鱼于水中能见、陆中不见？答：诸鱼者目中瞳人，眵泪所覆，水中无障、陆中有障，故水中见、陆中不见。 又问：何因人之两目，陆中无障、水中有障？答：人之目中瞳人，水泡所成，是故陆中无障、水中有障。 又问：何因龟鳖虾蟆及水蛭等，水陆俱见？答：龟鳖虾蟆及水蛭等，目中瞳人，骨之所成，陆中水中俱无障碍，是故俱见。 对法大论中因施设门第九 总说颂曰： 睡眠恶戾及棹举， 多舌语言并暗钝， 念慧而复烦恼增， 不颖利于禅定等。 又问：何因世间有多睡眠之者？答：谓若有人常所近习多睡眠者，于光明法中而不近习。彼人 现代汉语译本 又问：什么原因导致人能够存活，现在居住在世间，呼吸出入而不断运转；而那些已经死亡的人，情况却不是这样？答：生命存活的人，因为有思惟和觉悟，所以依赖于思，因此能够存活，呼吸出入运转。既然已经死亡的人，因为没有思惟，情况就是这样。 又问：什么原因导致那些被驯养的狐狸鸟，夜晚能看见东西，白天却看不见？答：那些被驯养的狐狸鸟，眼睛中的瞳仁是红色的，夜晚没有遮挡，白天就有遮挡，所以夜晚能看见东西，白天却看不见。 又问：什么原因导致人白天能看见东西，夜晚就看不见？答：人的眼睛中的瞳仁是黑色的，白天没有遮挡，夜晚就有遮挡，所以白天能看见东西，夜晚就看不见。 又问：什么原因导致狗和马夜晚能看见东西，白天也能看见东西？答：狗和马的眼睛中的瞳仁是黄色的，白天夜晚都没有遮挡，所以都能看见东西。 又问：什么原因导致鱼在水中能看见东西，在陆地上却看不见？答：各种鱼的眼睛中的瞳仁，被眼屎和泪水覆盖，在水中没有遮挡，在陆地上有遮挡，所以在水中能看见东西，在陆地上看不见。 又问：什么原因导致人的两只眼睛，在陆地上没有遮挡，在水中却有遮挡？答：人的眼睛中的瞳仁，是由水泡构成的，所以在陆地上没有遮挡，在水中却有遮挡。 又问：什么原因导致乌龟、鳖、蛤蟆以及水蛭等，在水里和陆地上都能看见东西？答：乌龟、鳖、蛤蟆以及水蛭等，眼睛中的瞳仁，是由骨头构成的，在陆地上和水中都没有遮挡，所以都能看见东西。 《对法大论》中因施设门第九 总说颂曰： 睡眠、恶戾以及棹举， 多舌语言并且暗钝， 念慧而且烦恼增加， 不擅长于禅定等等。 又问：什么原因导致世间有很多人嗜睡？答：如果有人经常亲近和习惯于多睡眠，而不亲近光明法。这样的人
English
English version Question: What causes people to live, residing in this world, breathing in and out continuously; while those who have passed away are not like this? Answer: Those who are alive, because of thinking and awakening, rely on thought, and therefore they live, breathing in and out. Since those who have passed away have no thought, that is why it is so. Question: What causes those trained fox-birds to see at night but not during the day? Answer: Those trained fox-birds have red pupils in their eyes, which have no obstruction at night but are obstructed during the day, so they see at night but not during the day. Question: What causes people to see during the day but not at night? Answer: People have black pupils in their eyes, which have no obstruction during the day but are obstructed at night, so they see during the day but not at night. Question: What causes dogs and horses to see at night and also during the day? Answer: Dogs and horses have yellow pupils in their eyes, which have no obstruction day or night, so they see at both times. Question: What causes fish to see in water but not on land? Answer: Fish have pupils in their eyes covered with rheum and tears, which have no obstruction in water but are obstructed on land, so they see in water but not on land. Question: What causes people's eyes to have no obstruction on land but obstruction in water? Answer: People's pupils are made of water bubbles, so they have no obstruction on land but obstruction in water. Question: What causes turtles, soft-shelled turtles, toads, and leeches to see both in water and on land? Answer: Turtles, soft-shelled turtles, toads, and leeches have pupils made of bone, which have no obstruction on land or in water, so they see at both times. The Ninth Chapter on the Establishment of Causes in the Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra (对法大论) Summary Verse: Sleepiness, wickedness, and rowing, Talkativeness and dullness, Mindfulness, wisdom, and increased afflictions, Unskilled in meditation and so on. Question: What causes there to be many sleepy people in the world? Answer: If someone constantly associates with and is accustomed to much sleep, and does not associate with the Dharma of light. That person --------------------------------------------------------------------------------