Chinese
为他作诸事业，故名为黑。如是黑类，行身恶行、行语恶行、行意恶行，由行三种恶行因缘，身坏命终堕于恶趣，生地狱中受诸剧苦，是名黑生类补特伽罗生起黑法。云何黑生类补特伽罗生起白法？答：如有一类生贫贱家，谓旃荼罗家，广说乃至少饮食家。彼生此家，形容丑陋，人不喜见、众共诃毁，多分为他作诸事业，故名为黑。如是黑类，行身妙行、行语妙行、行意妙行，由行三种妙行因缘，身坏命终生于善趣，天世界中受诸妙乐，是名黑生类补特伽罗生起白法。云何黑生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃法？答：如有一类生贫贱家，谓旃荼罗家，广说乃至少饮食家。彼生此家，形容丑陋，人不喜见、众共诃毁，多分为他作诸事业，故名为黑。如是黑类，闻有如来为众宣说如实所证法毗柰耶便往听受，既听受已得净信心。彼成如是净信心故，作是思惟：“居家迫迮譬如牢狱多诸尘秽，出家宽广犹若虚空，一切善法因之生长。”又作是念：“耽着居家，彼尚不能恒修世善，况能尽命精勤修学纯一圆满清白梵行。是故我应剃除须发，身被法服正信舍家，出趣非家勤修梵行。”既思念已，便于后时弃舍亲财，剃除须发、身被法服，正信舍家出趣非家，受持净戒精勤守护，别解脱律仪轨则所行无不具足，于微小罪见大怖畏，受 现代汉语译本 为他做各种事情，所以叫做‘黑’。像这样的‘黑类’人，做身恶行、语恶行、意恶行，由于做了这三种恶行的缘故，身死命终后堕入恶趣，在地狱中遭受各种剧烈的痛苦，这叫做‘黑生类补特伽罗（pudgala，人）生起黑法’。 什么是‘黑生类补特伽罗生起白法’？回答：比如有一类人生在贫贱的家庭，比如旃荼罗（candala，屠夫）家，详细地说就是食物很少的家庭。他出生在这种家庭，容貌丑陋，人们不喜欢看到，大家一起呵斥毁谤他，大多替别人做各种事情，所以叫做‘黑’。像这样的‘黑类’人，做身妙行、语妙行、意妙行，由于做了这三种妙行的缘故，身死命终后生于善趣，在天界中享受各种美妙的快乐，这叫做‘黑生类补特伽罗生起白法’。 什么是‘黑生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃（nirvana，寂灭）法’？回答：比如有一类人生在贫贱的家庭，比如旃荼罗（candala，屠夫）家，详细地说就是食物很少的家庭。他出生在这种家庭，容貌丑陋，人们不喜欢看到，大家一起呵斥毁谤他，大多替别人做各种事情，所以叫做‘黑’。像这样的‘黑类’人，听到有如来为大众宣说如实所证的法和毗柰耶（vinaya，戒律），便前去听受，听受之后就获得了清净的信心。他成就了这样的清净信心，于是这样思惟：‘居家生活狭窄逼仄，就像牢狱一样充满尘垢污秽，出家生活宽广，就像虚空一样，一切善法因此而生长。’又这样想：‘耽于居家生活，尚且不能持续地修习世间的善法，更何况能够用尽一生精勤地修学纯一圆满清白的梵行。所以，我应该剃除须发，身披法服，以真正的信心舍弃家庭，出家修行，勤修梵行。’ 这样思念之后，就在后来的时间里，抛弃亲属和财产，剃除须发、身披法服，以真正的信心舍弃家庭，出家修行，受持清净的戒律，精勤地守护，别解脱律仪的轨则和行为没有不具足的，对于微小的罪过也看到巨大的恐怖，受持
English
English version He performs various tasks for others, hence the name 'Black'. Such a 'Black type' person engages in evil deeds of body, evil deeds of speech, and evil deeds of mind. Due to performing these three types of evil deeds, upon the disintegration of the body and death, they fall into evil realms, experiencing severe suffering in hell. This is called 'a Black-born Pudgala (person) giving rise to Black Dharma (teachings)'. What is 'a Black-born Pudgala giving rise to White Dharma'? Answer: For example, there is a person born into a poor and lowly family, such as a Candala (butcher) family, broadly speaking, a family with little food. Born into such a family, they are ugly in appearance, disliked by people, and commonly scolded and reviled. They mostly perform various tasks for others, hence the name 'Black'. Such a 'Black type' person engages in virtuous deeds of body, virtuous deeds of speech, and virtuous deeds of mind. Due to performing these three types of virtuous deeds, upon the disintegration of the body and death, they are born into good realms, enjoying wonderful pleasures in the heavenly world. This is called 'a Black-born Pudgala giving rise to White Dharma'. What is 'a Black-born Pudgala giving rise to neither Black nor White Nirvana (liberation) Dharma'? Answer: For example, there is a person born into a poor and lowly family, such as a Candala (butcher) family, broadly speaking, a family with little food. Born into such a family, they are ugly in appearance, disliked by people, and commonly scolded and reviled. They mostly perform various tasks for others, hence the name 'Black'. Such a 'Black type' person, upon hearing that the Tathagata (Buddha) is proclaiming the Dharma and Vinaya (discipline) that he has truly realized, goes to listen and receive it. Having listened and received it, they attain pure faith. Because they have attained such pure faith, they think: 'Household life is cramped and confined, like a prison full of dust and defilement. Renouncing home is broad and spacious, like the sky, and all good dharmas grow because of it.' They also think: 'Being attached to household life, one cannot even constantly cultivate worldly good, let alone diligently cultivate a purely complete and pure Brahmacharya (holy life) for the rest of one's life. Therefore, I should shave my head and beard, wear the Dharma robes, with true faith renounce my home, go forth from home, and diligently cultivate the Brahmacharya.' Having thought in this way, later on, they abandon relatives and possessions, shave their head and beard, wear the Dharma robes, with true faith renounce their home, go forth from home, uphold the pure precepts, diligently guard them, and fully observe the rules and conduct of the Pratimoksha (code of monastic discipline), seeing great fear in even the smallest offenses, and uphold --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
学学处常无毁犯。依斯戒蕴渐次勤修，乃至证得第四静虑，由定心故乃至漏尽，证得无漏心慧解脱，广说乃至不受后有，是名黑生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃法。云何白生类补特伽罗生起白法？答：如有一类生富贵家，谓刹帝利大族、或婆罗门大族、或长者大族、或居士大族、或余随一富贵家生，多饶财宝仓库盈溢。彼生此家，形容端正，人皆乐见、众共称美，故名为白。如是白类，行身妙行、行语妙行、行意妙行，由行三种妙行因缘，身坏命终生于善趣，天世界中受诸妙乐，是名白生类补特伽罗生起白法。云何白生类补特伽罗生起黑法？答：如有一类生富贵家，谓刹帝利大族、或婆罗门大族、或长者大族、或居士大族、或余随一富贵家生，多饶财宝仓库盈溢。彼生此家，形容端正，人皆乐见、众共称美，故名为白。如是白类，行身恶行、行语恶行、行意恶行，由行三种恶行因缘，身坏命终堕于恶趣，生地狱中受诸剧苦，是名白生类补特伽罗生起黑法。云何白生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃法？答：如有一类生富贵家，谓刹帝利大族、或婆罗门大族、或长者大族、或居士大族、或余随一富贵家生，多饶财宝仓库盈溢，故名为白。如是白类，闻有如来为众宣说如实所证法毗柰耶便往听受，既听受已得净信心。彼成如是 现代汉语译本 学处（śikṣāpada，戒条）常常没有毁犯。依靠这些戒蕴（śīlaskandha，戒的集合）逐渐勤奋修行，乃至证得第四静虑（dhyāna，禅定），由于禅定的力量乃至漏尽（āsravakṣaya，烦恼断尽），证得无漏心慧解脱（anāsrava-citta-prajñā-vimukti，没有烦恼的智慧解脱），广泛地说乃至不受后有（punarbhava，再次投生），这叫做黑生类补特伽罗（pudgala，人）生起非黑非白涅槃法（nirvāṇa-dharma，不属于善恶的涅槃之法）。 什么是白生类补特伽罗生起白法（śukla-dharma，善法）？回答：例如有一类人生在富贵人家，比如刹帝利（kṣatriya，贵族）大家族、或者婆罗门（brāhmaṇa，祭司）大家族、或者长者（gṛhapati，富有的居士）大家族、或者居士（kulapati，有地位的居士）大家族、或者其他任何一个富贵人家，拥有很多财宝，仓库充盈。他生在这样的家庭，容貌端正，人们都喜欢见到，大众共同称赞，所以叫做‘白’。这样的‘白’类人，做身妙行（kāya-sukṛta，好的身体行为）、做语妙行（vāk-sukṛta，好的语言行为）、做意妙行（manas-sukṛta，好的思想行为），由于做了这三种好的行为，身坏命终后，生到善趣（sugati，好的去处），在天世界中享受各种美妙的快乐，这叫做白生类补特伽罗生起白法。 什么是白生类补特伽罗生起黑法（kṛṣṇa-dharma，恶法）？回答：例如有一类人生在富贵人家，比如刹帝利大家族、或者婆罗门大家族、或者长者大家族、或者居士大家族、或者其他任何一个富贵人家，拥有很多财宝，仓库充盈。他生在这样的家庭，容貌端正，人们都喜欢见到，大众共同称赞，所以叫做‘白’。这样的‘白’类人，做身恶行（kāya-duṣkṛta，坏的身体行为）、做语恶行（vāk-duṣkṛta，坏的语言行为）、做意恶行（manas-duṣkṛta，坏的思想行为），由于做了这三种坏的行为，身坏命终后，堕入恶趣（durgati，坏的去处），生地狱中遭受各种剧烈的痛苦，这叫做白生类补特伽罗生起黑法。 什么是白生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃法？回答：例如有一类人生在富贵人家，比如刹帝利大家族、或者婆罗门大家族、或者长者大家族、或者居士大家族、或者其他任何一个富贵人家，拥有很多财宝，仓库充盈，所以叫做‘白’。这样的‘白’类人，听闻有如来（tathāgata，佛）为大众宣说如实所证的法毗柰耶（dharma-vinaya，佛法和戒律），便前去听受，听受之后获得清净的信心。他成就了这样的…
English
English version He constantly avoids transgressing the precepts. Relying on these aggregates of precepts (śīlaskandha), he gradually cultivates diligently, until he attains the fourth dhyāna (meditative absorption). Because of the power of this samādhi (concentration), he attains the exhaustion of outflows (āsravakṣaya), realizing the undefiled liberation of mind and wisdom (anāsrava-citta-prajñā-vimukti), broadly speaking, even to the point of not being subject to future existence (punarbhava). This is called a 'black-born' person (pudgala) giving rise to the Dharma of Nirvana (nirvāṇa-dharma) which is neither black nor white. How does a 'white-born' person give rise to 'white' Dharma (śukla-dharma)? Answer: For example, there is a person born into a wealthy family, such as a great family of kṣatriyas (warriors), or a great family of brāhmaṇas (priests), or a great family of gṛhapatis (wealthy householders), or a great family of kulapatis (leading householders), or any other wealthy family, possessing abundant wealth and overflowing storehouses. Born into such a family, he is of handsome appearance, pleasing to all who see him, and praised by the multitude, hence he is called 'white'. Such a 'white' person practices good bodily conduct (kāya-sukṛta), good verbal conduct (vāk-sukṛta), and good mental conduct (manas-sukṛta). Because of practicing these three kinds of good conduct, upon the destruction of the body and the end of life, he is born in a good destination (sugati), enjoying various wonderful pleasures in the heavenly realms. This is called a 'white-born' person giving rise to 'white' Dharma. How does a 'white-born' person give rise to 'black' Dharma (kṛṣṇa-dharma)? Answer: For example, there is a person born into a wealthy family, such as a great family of kṣatriyas, or a great family of brāhmaṇas, or a great family of gṛhapatis, or a great family of kulapatis, or any other wealthy family, possessing abundant wealth and overflowing storehouses. Born into such a family, he is of handsome appearance, pleasing to all who see him, and praised by the multitude, hence he is called 'white'. Such a 'white' person practices bad bodily conduct (kāya-duṣkṛta), bad verbal conduct (vāk-duṣkṛta), and bad mental conduct (manas-duṣkṛta). Because of practicing these three kinds of bad conduct, upon the destruction of the body and the end of life, he falls into a bad destination (durgati), being born in hell and suffering various intense pains. This is called a 'white-born' person giving rise to 'black' Dharma. How does a 'white-born' person give rise to the Dharma of Nirvana which is neither black nor white? Answer: For example, there is a person born into a wealthy family, such as a great family of kṣatriyas, or a great family of brāhmaṇas, or a great family of gṛhapatis, or a great family of kulapatis, or any other wealthy family, possessing abundant wealth and overflowing storehouses, hence he is called 'white'. Such a 'white' person, hearing that a Tathāgata (Buddha) is proclaiming the Dharma-Vinaya (dharma-vinaya), which he has truly realized, to the multitude, goes to listen and receive it. Having listened and received it, he obtains pure faith. He achieves such... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
净信心故，作是思惟：“居家迫迮譬如牢狱多诸尘秽；出家宽广犹若虚空，一切善法因之生长。”又作是念：“耽着居家，彼尚不能恒修世善，况能尽命精勤修学纯一圆满清白梵行。是故我应剃除须发、身被法服，正信舍家出趣非家，勤修梵行。”既思念已，便于后时弃舍亲财，剃除须发身被法服，正信舍家出趣非家，受持净戒精勤守护，别解脱律仪轨则所行无不具足，于微小罪具大怖畏，受诸学处常无毁犯。依斯戒蕴修根律仪，具念正知断盖证得四种静虑，由斯展转乃至漏尽，得心解脱及慧解脱，于现法中自证通慧，具足觉知：我生已尽、梵行已立、所作已办、不受后有，是名白生类补特伽罗生起非黑非白涅槃法。 七法品第八之一 时舍利子复告众言：“具寿当知，佛于七法自善通达，现等觉已，为诸弟子宣说开示。我等今应和合结集，佛灭度后勿有乖诤，当令随顺梵行法律久住，利乐无量有情，哀愍世间诸天人众，令获殊胜义利安乐。” 七法云何？嗢拖南曰： 支数具财力， 非妙妙各二， 识住与随眠， 事止诤各七。 有七等觉支、七补特伽罗、七定具、七财七力、七非妙法、七妙法、复有七非妙法、复有七妙法、七识住、七随眠、七无过失事、七止诤法。 现代汉语译本 由于纯净的信心，他这样思索：‘居家生活狭窄逼仄，就像牢狱一样，充满各种尘垢污秽；出家生活宽广无垠，如同虚空，一切善法都因此得以生长。’他又这样思念：‘沉溺于居家生活，他们尚且不能持续地修习世间的善行，更何况能够用尽一生精勤地修学纯粹、圆满、清白的梵行呢？因此，我应当剃除须发、身披袈裟，以真正的信心舍弃家庭，出家过非家庭的生活，勤奋地修习梵行。’ 在经过这样的思索之后，他便在之后的某个时候，抛弃亲属和财产，剃除须发，身披袈裟，以真正的信心舍弃家庭，出家过非家庭的生活，受持清净的戒律，精勤地守护，对于别解脱律仪的轨则和行为没有不完备的，对于微小的罪过都怀有极大的畏惧，接受各种学处，常常没有毁犯。依靠这戒蕴，修习根律仪，具备正念和正知，断除五盖，证得四种禅定，由此辗转修行，乃至漏尽，获得心解脱和慧解脱，在现世中亲自证得通达的智慧，完全觉知：‘我的生死已经终结，梵行已经确立，该做的事情已经做完，不再受后世的轮回。’这被称为白生类补特伽罗（pudgala，人）生起非黑非白的涅槃（nirvana）之法。 七法品第八之一 这时，舍利子（Sariputra）又告诉大家说：‘诸位具寿（ayusmat，有寿者）应当知道，佛陀对于七法自己善于通达，现证等觉之后，为诸位弟子宣说开示。我们现在应当和合结集，在佛陀灭度之后不要有乖违争论，应当使随顺梵行的法律长久住世，利益安乐无量的有情（sattva，众生），哀怜愍念世间诸天人众，使他们获得殊胜的义利和安乐。’ 什么是七法呢？嗢拖南（Udana，优陀那）说： ‘支数具财力， 非妙妙各二， 识住与随眠， 事止诤各七。’ 有七等觉支、七补特伽罗（pudgala，人）、七定具、七财、七力、七非妙法、七妙法、又有七非妙法、又有七妙法、七识住、七随眠、七无过失事、七止诤法。